RNA-seq reads of Influenza A genome appended with DNA-expression vector sequences facilitating protein transcription (18s) in Covid19 patients from Wuhan and Hong Kong - very worrying as this is unlikely to be contamination
Some viruses like Hepatitis C virus (HCV) have hijacked the human protein translation machinery [1], having by an ‘internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that can autonomously bind a 40S ribosomal subunit and accurately position it at the initiation codon. This binding involves both ribosomal protein and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) interactions’ [2]. Expression vectors are designed to facilitate gene expression, by adding a promoter, a proper translation initiation sequence (a ribosomal binding site) and start/termination codon, followed by a transcription termination sequence.Metagenome from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 5 Covid19 [3–5] patients from Wuhan (Accid:PRJNA605983) shows co-infection (sequences in SI.flu.zip) with influenza A virus (3 out of 5 patients). More worryingly,these reads show the presence of 18s sequences that are found in expression vectors to facilitate protein translation (Fig. 1), showing highest homology to a synthetic construct (H1N1 HA gene, Accid:KY199426.1)used in a ‘digital-to-biological converter for on-demand production of biologics’ [6]. Along with SARS-Cov2 infection, a few patients are also infected with Nipah [7]. Its inconceivable that a BSL-4 facility will have so many contamination. Furthermore, the sequencing was RNA-seq - while the expression vectors are DNA - and thus need to be transcribed to be seen in RNA-seq data.