scholarly journals Novel helical or coiled flocculator for turbidity reduction in drinking water treatment: a performance study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
And Performance

Helical or spiral coiled flocculator have not been applied in drinking water treatment yet in Indonesia. There were only a few articles discussed it with different themes like hydrodynamic, floc characteristic, and performance. This study was done to know the efficiency (performance) of helical flocculator with parameters velocity gradient, pipe and helical diameter, flowrate, detention time, coagulant dose. The study was divided into two steps: Jar test to determine the optimum dose of coagulant and flocculation experiments to evaluate the helical flocculator efficiency. Efficiencies were in the range of medium to high. On flowrate 13 ml/second was obtained good results for two pipe sizes but different in helical diameters. In 0.5 inch pipe with 0.8 m helical diameter the turbidity reduction efficiencies were 72.4% and 73.9% and sediment volume were 18.3 ml and 20.0 ml. In 0.625 inch pipe with 0.4 m helical diameter the turbidity reduction efficiencies were 76.7% and 78.5% and sediment volume were 14.3 ml and 19.7 ml. The optimum velocity gradient about 64.9–69.6 persecond and detention time about 438–649 seconds. The results showed that helical flocculator was effective for floc formation. Flowrate, pipe diameter, helical diameter were three key parameters to perform helical flocculator.

scholarly journals Novel helical or coiled flocculator for turbidity reduction in drinking water treatment: a performance study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Optimum Velocity

The study was divided into two steps: Jar test to determine the optimum dose of coagulant and flocculation experiments to evaluate the helical flocculator efficiency. Efficiencies were in the range of medium to high. On flowrate 13 ml/second was obtained good results for two pipe sizes but different in helical diameters. In 0.5 inch pipe with 0.8 m helical diameter the turbidity reduction efficiencies were 72.4% and 73.9% and sediment volume were 18.3 ml and 20.0 ml. In 0.625 inch pipe with 0.4 m helical diameter the turbidity reduction efficiencies were 76.7% and 78.5% and sediment volume were 14.3 ml and 19.7 ml. The optimum velocity gradient about 64.9–69.6 persecond and detention time about 438–649 seconds. The results showed that helical flocculator was effective for floc formation. Flowrate, pipe diameter, helical diameter were three key parameters to perform helical flocculator.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF THE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PROCESS OF A SUGAR PLANT STATION IN COTE DIVOIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Konan Lopez Kouame ◽  
◽  
Nogbou Emmanuel Assidjo ◽  
Andre Kone Ariban ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation

This article presents an optimization of the drinking water treatment process at the SUCRIVOIRE treatment station. The objective is to optimize the coagulation and flocculation process (fundamental process of the treatment of said plant)by determining the optimal dosages of the products injected and then proposes a program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant in order to automatically determine the optimal dose of the latter according to the raw water quality. This contribution has the advantage of saving the user from any calculations the latter simply enters the characteristics of the raw effluent using the physical interface of the program in order to obtain the optimum corresponding coagulant concentration. For the determination of the optimal coagulant doses, we performed Jar-Test flocculation tests in the laboratory over a period of three months. The results made it possible to set up a polynomial regression model of the optimal dose of alumina sulfate as a function of the raw water parameters. A program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant was carried out on Visual Basic. The optimal doses of coagulant obtained vary from 25, 35, 40 and 45 mg/l depending on the characteristics of the raw effluent. The model obtained is: . Finally, verification tests were carried out using this model on the process. The results obtained meet the WHO drinkability standards for all parameters for a settling time of two hours.

The Potential of Different Saline Solution on the Extraction of the Moringa oleifera Seed's Active Component for Water Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grasiele Scaramal Madrona ◽  
Rosangela Bergamasco ◽  
Vanessa Jurca Seolin ◽  
Marcia R. Fagundes Klen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

The main objective of the present work is to study the efficiency in terms of removing color and turbidity of raw water in order to obtain drinking water. For this purpose, different coagulant solutions were obtained utilizing different salts, NaCl, KCl and MgCl2, in concentration 1M, distilled water combined with the Moringa oleifera Lam seed. Each coagulant solution obtained was studied with concentrations ranging from 25 to 300 mg/L of Moringa in salt solution. The tests were performed in the “Jar Test,” and the efficiency of the process was assessed in terms of color and turbidity. The results show no difference in the coagulation for extracts using the salts KCl, NaCl and MgCl2 1 Molar. The best results were found employing the coagulant solutions extracted with salt, in various concentration ranges (125 to 300 mg/L); as the concentration of protein in solution becomes higher, the greater is its power as a coagulant. The lowest content of protein was found in the solution extracted with water, which consequently had the lowest values of color and turbidity removal. Finally, the results obtained by the present work show that the seed of Moringa oleifera Lam is a great alternative for use as a coagulant in drinking water treatment systems.

scholarly journals Optimum Coagulant Forecasting with Modeling the Jar Test Experiments Using ANN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Haghiri ◽  
Sina Moharramzadeh ◽  
Amin Daghighi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Real Variable ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Jar Test

Abstract. Nowadays the proper utilization of water treatment plants and optimizing their use is of particular importance. Coagulation and flocculation in water treatment are among the common ways through which the use of coagulants leads to instability of particles and formation of larger and heavier particles, resulting in improvement of sedimentation and filtration processes. Determination of the optimum dose of such a coagulant is of particular significance. A high dose, in addition to adding costs, can cause the sediment to remain in the filtrate, a dangerous condition according to the standards, while a sub-adequate dose of coagulants can result in the reducing the required quality and acceptable performance of the coagulation process. While jar tests are used for testing coagulants, such experiments face many constraints with respect to evaluating the results produced by sudden changes in input water because of their significant costs, long time requirements, and complex relationships among the many factors (turbidity, temperature, pH, alkalinity, etc.) that can influence the efficiency of coagulant and test results. Modeling can be used to overcome these limitations, and in this research study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) with one hidden layer has been used for modeling the jar test to determine the dosage level of used coagulant in water treatment processes. The data contained in this research have been obtained from the drinking water treatment plant located in the Ardabil province. To evaluate the performance of the model, the parameters Mean Squared Error (MSE) and the Correlation Coefficient R2 have been used. The obtained values are within an acceptable range that demonstrates the high accuracy of the models with respect to the estimation of water quality characteristics and the optimal dosages of coagulants, so using these models will allow operators to not only reduce costs and time taken to perform experimental jar tests, but also to predict a proper dosage for coagulant amounts and to project the quality of the output water under real variable conditions.

scholarly journals Optimum coagulant forecasting by modeling jar test experiments using ANNs

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Haghiri ◽  
Amin Daghighi ◽  
Sina Moharramzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adequate Dose ◽  
Jar Test

Abstract. Currently, the proper utilization of water treatment plants and optimizing their use is of particular importance. Coagulation and flocculation in water treatment are the common ways through which the use of coagulants leads to instability of particles and the formation of larger and heavier particles, resulting in improvement of sedimentation and filtration processes. Determination of the optimum dose of such a coagulant is of particular significance. A high dose, in addition to adding costs, can cause the sediment to remain in the filtrate, a dangerous condition according to the standards, while a sub-adequate dose of coagulants can result in the reducing the required quality and acceptable performance of the coagulation process. Although jar tests are used for testing coagulants, such experiments face many constraints with respect to evaluating the results produced by sudden changes in input water because of their significant costs, long time requirements, and complex relationships among the many factors (turbidity, temperature, pH, alkalinity, etc.) that can influence the efficiency of coagulant and test results. Modeling can be used to overcome these limitations; in this research study, an artificial neural network (ANN) multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with one hidden layer has been used for modeling the jar test to determine the dosage level of used coagulant in water treatment processes. The data contained in this research have been obtained from the drinking water treatment plant located in Ardabil province in Iran. To evaluate the performance of the model, the mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) parameters have been used. The obtained values are within an acceptable range that demonstrates the high accuracy of the models with respect to the estimation of water-quality characteristics and the optimal dosages of coagulants; so using these models will allow operators to not only reduce costs and time taken to perform experimental jar tests but also to predict a proper dosage for coagulant amounts and to project the quality of the output water under real conditions.

scholarly journals Performance of Rambutan Seed Extracts as Iron and Manganese Removal in Drinking Groundwater well in Tanah Merah, Kelantan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Yap L.L ◽  
Aweng Eh Rak ◽  
Liyana A.A
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Groundwater Sample ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
High Removal Rate ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Groundwater is a major source of drinking water supply espeacially in Kelantan due to shortageof clean surface water. However, groundwater quality is found to be high in hardness, salinity,and concentration of iron, manganese, ammonium and flouride especially at rural area inKelantan. Therefore, groundwater should be treated before it can be used for domestic purposes.Currently, water treatment used chamicals for heavy metals removal although chemicals wereknown to be hazardous for human consumption. Thus, plant based material was proposed to givemore environmental friendly approach for drinking water treatment especially groundwater. Theobjective of this study is to determine the performance of extracted rambutan seed in removal ofiron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) from groundwater. Groundwater sample were collected fromseleced wells in Tanah Merah district, Kelantan, Malaysia. Iron and manganese contents ofgroundwater samples were measured before and after the jar test in the laboratory by usingAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). All water samples were tested with differentconcentration of rambutan seed cruded extracts. The experiments were carried out with coagulantdosage of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 mg/L with the interval of 1.0 mg/L. The results showthat, Nephelium lappaceum seed can remove up to 91.38% of Fe in groundwater sample by usingoptimal dosage of l/L. The seed also able to remove up to 90.91% Mn in groundwater samplesusing the optimal dosage 5mg/L. The high removal rate for both iron and manganese reflectedthat rambutan seed has a potential to replace chemicals coagulant in water treatment. Hopefullywith this finding, peopl will have access to reasonable price, clean and safe drinking water and thegoverment can also save a few thousand ringgit for treatment expenses.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Compliance of TOC and Turbidity Related to Pathogen Breakthrough and THMs Control by Enhanced Coagulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
By Products

Since discovery of harmful disinfection by products (DBPs) like trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in chlorinated waters the removal of organic DBPs precursors gained priority in drinking water treatment. Historically, coagulation process was arranged to remove turbidity, typically related to pathogens occurrence, but nowadays it is usually optimized/enhanced for total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. This work dealt with the removal of TOC and turbidity by means of enhanced coagulation process using Al2(SO4)3⋅18 H2O and FeCl3⋅6H2O as coagulants for jar test without pH adjustment according to USEPA procedure. 15% of TOC removal required by USEPA D/DBPs rule (1998) was achieved using 30-50 mg l-1 of both coagulants. On the other hand, for compliance with more stringent MCL for total THMs in Italy (30 μg l-1) higher TOC removal (>30%) which needed of higher coagulants doses (80 mg l-1), was obviously required. Those high coagulant doses were also to be used for the compliance with the turbidity standard (<1NTU).

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