scholarly journals Forecasting Energy Needs with Logistics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORE MODIS
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Substitution Model ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The One ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Comparable Size

The logistic function is used to forecast energy consumed worldwide and oil production in the U.S. The logistic substitution model is used to describe the energy mix since 1965 presenting a picture significantly different from the one covering the previous 100 years. In the new picture coal gently gains on oil and hydroelectric gains on natural gas even if it is three times smaller. Finally, renewables—wind, geothermal, solar, biomass, and waste—grow exclusively on the expense of nuclear, and are poised to overtake it by the late 2030s. By mid-21st century, coal, oil, and natural gas still remain the main players of comparable size. Hydroelectric has almost doubled in size. The only significant substitution is that of renewables having replaced nuclear albeit remaining at less than a ¼ the size of the other three energy sources. U.S. oil produced by fracking is forecasted to cease by mid-21st century, while oil produced by traditional methods should continue on its slowly declining trend. US oil production is likely to represent less than 1% of the oil consumed worldwide by mid-21st century.

scholarly journals Forecasting the Mix of World Energy Needs by mid-21st Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORE MODIS
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Substitution Model ◽  
Hydroelectric Energy ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The One

The logistic function is used to forecast energy consumed worldwide. The logistic substitution model is used to describe the energy mix since 1965 presenting a picture significantly different from the one covering the previous 100 years. In the new picture the share of heavy pollutants, i.e. coal plus oil, keeps declining systematically in favor of natural gas and renewables (wind, geothermal, solar, biomass, and waste), the share of which grows rapidly. The shares of these three energy sources are poised to reach around 30% each by mid-21st century. Nuclear and hydroelectric energy, both with rather stable shares, are responsible for the remaining 10%, which goes mostly to hydroelectric; Zooming into the composition of renewables we find that today’s dominant wind power is about to begin losing share to solar energy, which will overtake wind after 2024 and account for more than 90% of all renewables by mid-21st century, by which time geothermal, biomass, and other sources of energy will have dropped to insignificant levels. Forecasts in exajoules are given for all energy sources up to 2050.

scholarly journals Energy resources and importance of Turkish states in the context of globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Mukhtarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Military Friendly ◽  
Growing Population

The Turkish Republics of the Caspian region have maintained their importance throughout history and are still important for a variety of reasons. Always having strategic importance, this region is sometimes commercially military-friendly. At present, the world is on the agenda thanks to rich oil and natural gas reserves, and has not been stable for many years. The search for alternative hydrocarbon resources is to meet the growing population in the world today and thus meet growing energy needs. In this case, the countries of the Caspian region have become the countries attracting attention to the rich energy resources of Western energy and global energy companies.

scholarly journals Wyoming

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-479
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Pope ◽  
Deanna Sami Falzone
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Natural Gas Production ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
First Time

In 2019, Wyoming ranked eighth nationally in both crude oil and natural gas production. Sales of crude oil production totaled 101.8 million barrels, up 16% from 2018, while natural gas production totaled 1.456 trillion cubic feet, which was down 8.52% from 2018.1 However, as of August 1, 2020, Wyoming had zero oil and natural rigs in operation for the first time since 1884.

scholarly journals A decade of changes in nitrogen oxides over regions of oil and natural gas activity in the United States

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Majid ◽  
Maria Val Martin ◽  
Lok N. Lamsal ◽  
Bryan N. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Eagle Ford ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
National Trend ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The U.S

Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO2 + NO) are a highly regulated species that play a major role in the formation of photochemical smog. While NOx emissions are generally decreasing over the U.S. as a result of more stringent environmental policies and improved emissions control technologies, the shale oil and natural gas industry is reversing this rate of changes in certain regions. We present here a quantitative analysis of NOx levels over the seven main U.S. shale plays (Bakken, Eagle Ford, Permian, Niobrara-Codell, Marcellus-Utica, Haynesville, and Barnett) between 2005 and 2015 using measurements of tropospheric NO2 from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the NASA EOS-Aura aircraft. We develop and apply a methodology that seeks to maximise pollutant signals from oil and gas activities. For reference, we also examine the national trend averaged over the lower 48 states. Consistent with previous studies, we find NOx across the U.S. is generally declining. During the low-production phase of oil and natural gas production (2005–2009), we find declining trends in tropospheric NOx that are similar to the national trend (–4.6% yr–1) in 6 of the 7 study regions (–8 to –2% yr–1). In the high-production phase (2010–15), we find an increasing NOx trend in 5 of the 7 study basins (0.4 to 4.5% yr–1) while the national trend continued to decline (–0.3% yr–1). Over the most intensive oil-producing shale plays (Bakken, Eagle Ford, Permian and Niobrara-Codell), we observe a rapid growth (1–4.5% yr–1), which correlates well (r2 = 0.6–0.9) with their annual oil production rates and/or drilling rigs. In contrast, trends across the mainly gas-producing regions (Haynesville, Barnett, and Marcellus-Utica) show decreases (–0.4 to –1.7% yr–1) similar to the national trend, with the exception of the Marcellus-Utica where a slight increase (0.4 ± 0.2% yr–1) may be an indication of a small regional increase. Our study shows the important decadal effect that shale oil and natural gas operations has had on the tropospheric NO2 levels, and the potential consequences for regional air quality.

Survey of Courses on Renewable Energy Manufacturing at American Universities

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Cong ◽  
Z. J. Pei
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
American Universities ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Skilled Workforce ◽  
The U.S

Both U.S. and world economies have long depended on fossil energy (coal, oil, and natural gas). Supplies of fossil energy are expected to decline in the future and become more expensive. Meanwhile, their use contributes to the accumulation of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Therefore, an urgent need exists for renewable energy sources. In order to enhance the global competitiveness of the U.S. in renewable energy manufacturing, there is a dramatic need for a skilled workforce that has been trained in this field. A survey on renewable energy courses at more than 100 U.S. universities has been conducted. It is found that manufacturing aspects of all forms of renewable energy are not emphasized, and there are no sophomore-level courses that cover manufacturing of all forms of renewable energy at these universities.

scholarly journals Geopolitical aspects of energy security and environmental security in the Republic of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Ljubomir Stajić ◽  
Nenad Radivojević ◽  
Vladan Mirković
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Coal Reserves

Endangering of the environment today is largely due to the pursuit of energy security, respectively the need for a large amount of it. In this regard, the subject of our research is to determine the interdependence and impact of energy security on environmental security, and vice versa, as well as identifying the sources, forms and carriers of endangering energy security and environment security. In order to determine this, bearing in mind that "race for remaining resources" in the world in the last few decades has been particularly intensified; it is necessary to consider contemporary geopolitical trends and their impact on the security of small countries, including the Republic of Serbia. Namely, the key factors of energy security are the existence, production (exploitation), transit and use of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). The Republic of Serbia has significant quantities of coal reserves, while in the case of oil and natural gas, its energy needs are largely met by imports. The geographical and geo-strategic positions of the Republic of Serbia in the area of Southeastern Europe (and the Western Balkans) indicate its extremely favorable position as a transit country. Achieving its energy security depends largely on viewing and understanding contemporary geopolitical trends. The geopolitical (and hegemonic) aspirations of large countries have often led (and still do) to provoking certain conflicts, crises, and even open armed conflicts that, among other things, have impact on endangering the environment.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Natural Gas and Crude Oil Market from the Global and EU Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 282-296
Author(s):  
Saleh Mothana Obadi ◽  
Matej Korček
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Natural Gas Development ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper deals with the development of the crude oil and natural gas market in the world and especially in the EU. The analysis of the mentioned energy commodities are based on time serious statistical data and legislative documents and treaties adjusting the energy market. In this paper we analyze how the natural gas and crude oil as the two energy sources that are on the one hand most important in the energy mix and on the other hand least available within the very territory of EU itself therefore meaning the largest threat to the energy security of EU countries. We focus on analyzing of development of the worlds crude oil and natural gas development as the economic environment developed during last 20 year. Then we characterize what has EU done as the reaction on this development and finally we analyze the impact on EU in terms of supply and demand for natural gas and crude oil in first decade of 21st century. We found that, in 2009, the 66 % of EU natural gas imports were from four countries (Russia, Algeria, Norway and Nigeria) and the EU crude oil imports reached about 87 %.

scholarly journals FOLLOWING THROUGH: How Industry is Continually Improving the Safety of Offshore Development Post-Horizon

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Williams ◽  
Holly Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Industry Organization ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Standards Development ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The oil and natural gas industry has worked collaboratively in many areas to make great strides to improve the safety of offshore drilling and producing operations since the Horizon incident in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The paper will discuss these activities. Immediately following the incident, the U.S. oil and natural gas industry launched a comprehensive review of offshore safety and operations to identify potential improvements in spill prevention, intervention, and response capabilities. Four joint industry task forces were assembled to focus on the critical areas of equipment, operating procedures, subsea well control and oil spill response. In addition to their own work, the task forces fully considered the recommendations of the Presidential Oil Spill Commission in forming their recommendations to improve offshore safety and response in the respective four areas. One of the major recommendations and actions directly linked to the Presidential Commission recommendations was the formation of an industry organization fully focused on Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) and managing risk. The industry organization formed is the Center for Offshore Safety (COS). The COS is fully focused on SEMS and its continual improvement through SEMS Auditing, safety data collection and analysis, good practice development, and sharing industry information. Additionally, there has been a continuing special focus on new and enhanced Industry standards. The task force on equipment and other post-Horizon reports contained strong recommendations on the need to develop new and revised standards to enhance safety in the offshore. This work was done through the standards development process and organizations including collaboration with national and international Standards Development Organizations, the offshore oil and gas community, and the Federal government. The presentation will give an overview of the new and revised standards work to date including API Standard 53 Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Operations; API Standard 65-2 Isolating Potential Flow Zones During Well Construction; and API RP 96 Deepwater Well Design and Construction.

Psychology from Egyptian, Arab, and Islamic Perspectives

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad A-L.H. Abou-Hatab
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

This paper presents the case of psychology from a perspective not widely recognized by the West, namely, the Egyptian, Arab, and Islamic perspective. It discusses the introduction and development of psychology in this part of the world. Whenever such efforts are evaluated, six problems become apparent: (1) the one-way interaction with Western psychology; (2) the intellectual dependency; (3) the remote relationship with national heritage; (4) its irrelevance to cultural and social realities; (5) the inhibition of creativity; and (6) the loss of professional identity. Nevertheless, some major achievements are emphasized, and a four-facet look into the 21st century is proposed.

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