scholarly journals BBS commentary by De Ruiter on Zwaan et al.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Peter De Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Original Study ◽  
Scientific Claim

A scientific claim is a generalization based on a reported statistically significant effect. The reproducibility of that claim is its scientific meaning. Anything not explicitly mentioned in a scientific claim as a limitation of the claim’s scope means that it implicitly generalizes over these unmentioned aspects. Hence, so-called “conceptual” replications that differ in these unmentioned aspects from the original study are legitimate, and necessary to test the generalization implied by the original study’s claim.

The meaning of a claim is its reproducibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. de Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Original Study ◽  
Scientific Claim

AbstractA scientific claim is a generalization based on a reported statistically significant effect. The reproducibility of that claim is its scientific meaning. Anything not explicitly mentioned in a scientific claim as a limitation of the claim's scope means that it implicitly generalizes over these unmentioned aspects. Hence, so-called “conceptual” replications that differ in these unmentioned aspects from the original study are legitimate, and necessary to test the generalization implied by the original study's claim.

Intelligence and Personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Marc-André Bédard ◽  
Yann Le Corff
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Nonverbal Intelligence ◽  
French Canadian

Abstract. This replication and extension of DeYoung, Quilty, Peterson, and Gray’s (2014) study aimed to assess the unique variance of each of the 10 aspects of the Big Five personality traits ( DeYoung, Quilty, & Peterson, 2007 ) associated with intelligence and its dimensions. Personality aspects and intelligence were assessed in a sample of French-Canadian adults from real-life assessment settings ( n = 213). Results showed that the Intellect aspect was independently associated with g, verbal, and nonverbal intelligence while its counterpart Openness was independently related to verbal intelligence only, thus replicating the results of the original study. Independent associations were also found between Withdrawal, Industriousness and Assertiveness aspects and verbal intelligence, as well as between Withdrawal and Politeness aspects and nonverbal intelligence. Possible explanations for these associations are discussed.

The Outcome Effect and Professional Skepticism: A Replication and a Failed Attempt at Mitigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Brazel ◽  
Christine Gimbar ◽  
Eldar M. Maksymov ◽  
Tammie J. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Professional Skepticism ◽  
Initial Effect ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Failed Attempt ◽  
Negative Outcome

ABSTRACT In this research note, we replicate Brazel, Jackson, Schaefer, and Stewart's (2016) study of how auditors evaluate skeptical behavior. Like the original study, we find that evaluators reward audit staff who exercise appropriate levels of skepticism and identify a misstatement (positive outcome). However, when no misstatement is identified (negative outcome), evaluators penalize staff who exercise appropriate levels of skepticism. One factor causing this outcome effect may be that exercising skepticism typically causes budget overages due to additional testing. Hence, we examine whether formally attributing the budget overage to skeptical judgments and actions in the audit budget file reduces outcome effects. However, while replicating the initial effect across three separate studies, we have been unable to reduce this effect. Thus, it is clear that the outcome effect in this context is very robust. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

scholarly journals Don’t Ditch the Laptop Just Yet: A Direct Replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer’s (2014) Study 1 Plus Mini Meta-Analyses Across Similar Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-339
Author(s):  
Heather L. Urry ◽  
Chelsea S. Crittle ◽  
Victoria A. Floerke ◽  
Michael Z. Leonard ◽  
Clinton S. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Original Study ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Better Than

In this direct replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer’s (2014) Study 1, participants watched a lecture while taking notes with a laptop ( n = 74) or longhand ( n = 68). After a brief distraction and without the opportunity to study, they took a quiz. As in the original study, laptop participants took notes containing more words spoken verbatim by the lecturer and more words overall than did longhand participants. However, laptop participants did not perform better than longhand participants on the quiz. Exploratory meta-analyses of eight similar studies echoed this pattern. In addition, in both the original study and our replication, higher word count was associated with better quiz performance, and higher verbatim overlap was associated with worse quiz performance, but the latter finding was not robust in our replication. Overall, results do not support the idea that longhand note taking improves immediate learning via better encoding of information.

scholarly journals Use of Pediatric Injectable Medicines Guidelines and Associated Medication Administration Errors: A Human Reliability Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 106002802199964
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Jones ◽  
Jonathan Clarke ◽  
Calandra Feather ◽  
Bryony Dean Franklin ◽  
Ruchi Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Human Reliability Analysis ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Medication Administration Errors ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background: In a recent human reliability analysis (HRA) of simulated pediatric resuscitations, ineffective retrieval of preparation and administration instructions from online injectable medicines guidelines was a key factor contributing to medication administration errors (MAEs). Objective: The aim of the present study was to use a specific HRA to understand where intravenous medicines guidelines are vulnerable to misinterpretation, focusing on deviations from expected practice ( discrepancies) that contributed to large-magnitude and/or clinically significant MAEs. Methods: Video recordings from the original study were reanalyzed to identify discrepancies in the steps required to find and extract information from the NHS Injectable Medicines Guide (IMG) website. These data were combined with MAE data from the same original study. Results: In total, 44 discrepancies during use of the IMG were observed across 180 medication administrations. Of these discrepancies, 21 (48%) were associated with an MAE, 16 of which (36% of 44 discrepancies) made a major contribution to that error. There were more discrepancies (31 in total, 70%) during the steps required to access the correct drug webpage than there were in the steps required to read this information (13 in total, 30%). Discrepancies when using injectable medicines guidelines made a major contribution to 6 (27%) of 22 clinically significant and 4 (15%) of 27 large-magnitude MAEs. Conclusion and Relevance: Discrepancies during the use of an online injectable medicines guideline were often associated with subsequent MAEs, including those with potentially significant consequences. This highlights the need to test the usability of guidelines before clinical use.

School or Guidance Counselor: How the Title Influences Public Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2098103
Author(s):  
Emily Baker ◽  
Brett Zyromski ◽  
Darcy Haag Granello
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Guidance Counselor ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Professional Title ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceptions Of School

School counselors are one of the few professions that remain split on their professional title. We replicated a previous study to determine whether the results of the original study measuring the impact of language on perceptions of school counselors’ competency were replicable by surveying a sample of the general population. Participants who completed the surveys with the term “guidance counselor” were statistically less likely to believe that school counselors were able to perform the 25 tasks assessed on the survey. Results suggest that the title impacted participants’ perceptions of the competence of school counselors.

Original Study: Comparison of three intraosseous access techniques in cats

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bukoski ◽  
Matthew Winter ◽  
Carsten Bandt ◽  
Mary Wilson ◽  
Andre Shih
Keyword(s):  
Original Study ◽  
Intraosseous Access

A new method for calculating eigenvalues with applications to gravity-capillary waves with edge constraints

1983 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Graham-Eagle
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Variational Formulation ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Capillary Waves ◽  
Original Study ◽  
New Method ◽  
Linear Boundary ◽  
Hydrodynamic Problem ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Standard Linear

The method to be described provides an alternative means of dealing with certain non-standard linear boundary-value problems. It is developed in several applications to the theory of gravity-capillary waves. The analysis is based on a variational formulation of the hydrodynamic problem, being motivated by and extending the original study by Benjamin and Scott [3].

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document