scholarly journals resume hukum tatanegara

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
riska aprilia

Social contract is a conception about new power relationship between elite and people which is formulated in order tofulfill a demandforpolitical renewal which is need a continuity, not stagnation nor deterioration. We need to reconstruct any aspect o f social contract theory in order to understandabout social contract relevance with general election. The general election as a contract social guaranteed rights and obligation ofthe voters and the leaders. The contract mechanism between voters and political candidate is related by trust. The object of trust itself in general election is morality. The political contract consistency based on trust is afoundation for building a State as a moral entity, which is made by morally human being.Kinerja penguasa sistem dan pemerintahan negara Indonesia dalam lima tahun terakhir yang jauh dari harapan rakyat dan pemilih dalam pemilu pertama di era reformasi pada 1999, tampaknya melatari wacana politik tentang kontrak sosial menjelang Pemilu 2004. Diperbincangkan argumen penggunaannya untuk memperbaiki proses Pemilu dan terutama kinerja pemimpin yang terpilih dan berkuasa atas negara. Diperdebatkan kemungkinan formatnya yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan Indonesia dewasa ini. Dibahas pula strategi untuk menerapkannya dalam rangka pemilu.Sejauh ini berbagai gagasan sudah dikemukakan. Akan tetapi belum diperoleh kemajuan yang berarti, baik secara konsepsional maupun aplikatif. Karena itu, ada baiknya ditelusuri konsepsi tentang aspek-aspeknya sejauh berkaitan dengan Pemilu, dengan harapan berguna sebagai pemancing inspirasi.Kontrak sosial sebagai perjanjian di antara masyarakat dengan kaum elite yang diwakili oleh penguasa, berakar kepada pemikiran politik dari abad ke-16 sampai k e - 18 di Eropa Barat, terutama karya Thomas Hobbes, Jhon Locke, dan Jean Jacques Rousseau. M ereka adalah bagian dari golongan pem ikir besar Eropa yang merespons peralihan era revolusi pertanian pertama di pertengahan abad ke-16 menujurevolusi keagungan dan revolusi ilmu pengetahuan di akhir abad ke-18. Pemikiran mereka menapaki perjalanan panjang pergeseran kekuasaan dari raja dan kaum bangsawan kepada kaum feodal yang semakin mendominasi parlemen, sebagai imbalan bagi kontribusi pajak mereka yang semakin menentukan sumber keuangan kerajaan.Kontrak sosial merupakan konsepsi tentang hubungan kekuasaan baru di antara penguasa dengan rakyat, yang dirumuskan untuk menjawab tuntutan pembaharuan politik yangmemerlukan keberlanjutan, bukan kemandekan apalagi kemunduran. Itulah sebabnya maka para pemikir tersebut, mengetengahkan kontrak sosial guna menegaskan bahwa bukan raja, akan tetapi rakyat yang merupakan pemilik kedaulatan. Bahwa penguasa harus memperoleh kepercayaan rakyat supaya bisa memerintah secara sah. Bahwa untuk itu, baik penguasa maupun rakyat harus mempunyai tanggung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naura mutiara johan

Social contract is a conception about new power relationship between elite and people which is formulated in order tofulfill a demandforpolitical renewal which is need a continuity, not stagnation nor deterioration. We need to reconstruct any aspect o f social contract theory in order to understandabout social contract relevance with general election. The general election as a contract social guaranteed rights and obligation ofthe voters and the leaders. The contract mechanism between voters and political candidate is related by trust. The object of trust itself in general election is morality. The political contract consistency based on trust is afoundation for building a State as a moral entity, which is made by morally human being.Kinerja penguasa sistem dan pemerintahan negara Indonesia dalam lima tahun terakhir yang jauh dari harapan rakyat dan pemilih dalam pemilu pertama di era reformasi pada 1999, tampaknya melatari wacana politik tentang kontrak sosial menjelang Pemilu 2004. Diperbincangkan argumen penggunaannya untuk memperbaiki proses Pemilu dan terutama kinerja pemimpin yang terpilih dan berkuasa atas negara. Diperdebatkan kemungkinan formatnya yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan Indonesia dewasa ini. Dibahas pula strategi untuk menerapkannya dalam rangka pemilu.Sejauh ini berbagai gagasan sudah dikemukakan. Akan tetapi belum diperoleh kemajuan yang berarti, baik secara konsepsional maupun aplikatif. Karena itu, ada baiknya ditelusuri konsepsi tentang aspek-aspeknya sejauh berkaitan dengan Pemilu, dengan harapan berguna sebagai pemancing inspirasi.Kontrak sosial sebagai perjanjian di antara masyarakat dengan kaum elite yang diwakili oleh penguasa, berakar kepada pemikiran politik dari abad ke-16 sampai k e - 18 di Eropa Barat, terutama karya Thomas Hobbes, Jhon Locke, dan Jean Jacques Rousseau. M ereka adalah bagian dari golongan pem ikir besar Eropa yang merespons peralihan era revolusi pertanian pertama di pertengahan abad ke-16 menujurevolusi keagungan dan revolusi ilmu pengetahuan di akhir abad ke-18. Pemikiran mereka menapaki perjalanan panjang pergeseran kekuasaan dari raja dan kaum bangsawan kepada kaum feodal yang semakin mendominasi parlemen, sebagai imbalan bagi kontribusi pajak mereka yang semakin menentukan sumber keuangan kerajaan.Kontrak sosial merupakan konsepsi tentang hubungan kekuasaan baru di antara penguasa dengan rakyat, yang dirumuskan untuk menjawab tuntutan pembaharuan politik yangmemerlukan keberlanjutan, bukan kemandekan apalagi kemunduran. Itulah sebabnya maka para pemikir tersebut, mengetengahkan kontrak sosial guna menegaskan bahwa bukan raja, akan tetapi rakyat yang merupakan pemilik kedaulatan. Bahwa penguasa harus memperoleh kepercayaan rakyat supaya bisa memerintah secara sah. Bahwa untuk itu, baik penguasa maupun rakyat harus mempunyai tanggung


Author(s):  
Karl Widerquist ◽  
Grant S. McCall

This chapter introduces the role of “the Hobbesian hypothesis” in social contract theory by discussing how Thomas Hobbes introduced it. It defines the version of “the Lockean proviso” relevant to social contract theory as the following moral standard: for a state to be justified virtually everyone must be better off under the state than they could reasonably expect to be in any stateless environment. The chapter defines the contractarian version of “the Hobbesian hypothesis” as the empirical claim that the Lockean proviso is fulfilled by the state: the state benefits everyone or at least everyone who prefers safety to a perilous environment devoid of security. The chapter argues that any plausible justification of existing states drawn from broadly Hobbesian or contractarian principles relies on this hypothesis as an empirical premise comparing the welfare of disadvantaged people in state society and people in stateless societies.


2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Verschoor

How to demarcate the political units within which democracy will be practiced? Although recent years have witnessed a steadily increasing academic interest in this question concerning the boundary problem in democratic theory, social contract theory’s potential for solving it has largely been ignored. In fact, contract views are premised on the assumption of a given people and so presuppose what requires legitimization: the existence of a demarcated group of individuals materializing, as it were, from nowhere and whose members agree among themselves to establish a political order. In order to fill this gap in social contract theory, a distinction is made between three kinds of contract views: Lockean political voluntarism, contractarianism, and contractualism. Each of these views can be (re)interpreted in such a way that it offers a democratic solution to the boundary problem. Ultimately, however, a Rawlsian interpretation of the contractualist solution is defended.


2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Martinich

Bernard Gert’s distinctive interpretation of the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes in his recent book may be questioned in at least three areas: (1) Even if Hobbes is not a psychological egoist, he seems to be a desire egoist, which has the consequence, as he understands it, that a person acts at least for his own good in every action. (2) Although there are several senses of reason, it seems that Hobbes uses the idea that reason is calculation of means to ends; while such calculation sets intermediate goals, reason itself does not set ultimate ends. (3) Hobbes’s political theory is best understood as a form of social contract theory because subjects covenant among themselves to authorize the sovereign to protect them; authorization has the consequence that subjects give some of the their rights to the sovereign; but this gifting of rights is not the essence of the origin of the civil state.


Arena Hukum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-522
Author(s):  
Indra Karianga ◽  
Haikal Arsalan ◽  
Lidya Yubagyo ◽  
Cavita Ezra

This research aim is to provide a theoretical basis to permanently remove the political rights of a former prisoners of corruption as an alternative to achieve the purpose of criminal law. This normative research uses conceptual, statute and philosophical approach method. This research result indicate that based on the social contract theory, corruption is a criminal act which has injured the volonte generale and in this regard, a new concept is offered. The new concept is permanent revocation of political rights for a former coruption convicts that in line with peines infarmantes principle but does not apply automatically and must go through a court decision and be apllied for life (restitutio in integrum).


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Savanović

This paper offers an analysis of an issue related to the social contract theory The issue concerned is disagreement in the form of tacit consent. Namely, if we accept the model of tacit consent, then an issue of costs of this disagreement is raised. These costs cannot be treated in the same way as in the case of express consent. The reason is that, in the case of tacit consent, a person does not have same chances and opportunities as others. This offers a possibility of claiming discrimination, especially if we accept the fact that these costs can be so high so that they deny the possibility of choice. At least in a practical sense and de facto. So, this topic must be understood properly if we want the social contract theory to function well. In this paper, we will try to do that through a logical and semantic analysis of basic terms: tacit consent, disagreement, and costs of contract.


Res Publica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Voigt

AbstractStates of emergency are declared frequently in all parts of the world. Their declaration routinely implies a suspension of basic constitutional rights. In the last half century, it has become the norm for constitutions to contain an explicit ‘emergency constitution’, i.e., the constitutionally safeguarded rules of operation for a state of emergency. In this paper, I ask whether inclusion of an emergency constitution can be legitimized by drawing on social contract theory. I argue that there are important arguments, both against and in favor of constitutionalized emergency provisions, and that social contract theory—as applied by economists—can be of some help when deciding whether to have, or not to have an emergency constitution. This paper introduces a novel argument for justifying emergency constitutions. It argues that they can serve as a commitment mechanism protecting both citizens and politicians from overreacting to rare but significant threats.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Paul Seabright ◽  
Jonathan Stieglitz ◽  
Karine Van der Straeten

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document