Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Significant Flux

A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. This study reports Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in tobacco of 11 brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia. The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion of cigarette tobacco using HNO3 and H2O2. The concentration of trace metals in the cigarettes ranged (mean) (μg/g), Cd: 1.3−7.6 (2.48±0.32), Pb: 0.50−12.50 (6.24±2.2), Cu: 2.89−25.35 (13.70±4.12) and Zn: 24.40−62.55 (36.22±7.50) while Ni was not detected in all the eleven brands of cigarettes. Comparable levels of trace metals were obtained in the tobacco of both imported and Ethiopian cigarettes. The average trace metal contents of cigarettes available in Ethiopia were Cd 1.82±0.39, Pb 4.23±0.97, Cu 10.2±3.1 and Zn 28.2±7.8 μg/cigarette and a person who smokes 20 cigarettes per day is estimated to increase his/her daily Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn retention by approximately 0.036, 0.085, 0.204, 0.564 mg/day, respectively. The results indicate that smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke is a serious problem to be taken into account when carrying out epidemiological studies on human exposure to trace metals.

Determination of Contaminated Heavy Metals in Lacquer Thinner

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Woravith Chansuvarn ◽  
Kunawoot Jainae
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Clear Solution ◽  
Cu And Zn

The aim of this work needed to discover the problem of lacquer thinner products claimed with dissatisfying the quality of coating and color appearance. The trace metals produced cans was focused on release to solvents. The contaminated trace metals including Fe, Sn, Cu, and Zn in lacquer thinner were also determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The lacquer thinner samples were simply carbonized to be ashes by furnace muffle at 550°C for 8 hours. The carbonized ashes were then also digested by conventional wet digestion with concentrated nitric acid until a clear solution was archived. Twenty samples of lacquer thinner were achieved from the paint manufacturer. The content of Fe, Sn, Cu, and Zn was found in the range of 0.0631-77.190 mg/kg, ND-12.613 mg/kg, ND-1.4679 mg/kg, and ND-0.4028 mg/kg, respectively. The result of high concentration of Fe related to the appearance of lacquer thinner color. The evidence of released heavy metals in the ashes of lacquer thinner samples was evaluated by X-ray fluorescence technique. The result of this work was concluded that the contaminated trace metals in the suspected lacquer thinner samples were leached from the metallic package.

scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat Besi (Fe) Pada Air, Sedimen, Dan Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) Di Perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Hadi Endrawati
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Living Organisms

Logam berat Fe merupakan logam berat essensial yang keberadaannya dalam jumlah tertentu sangat dibutuhkan oleh organisme hidup, namun dalam jumlah yang berlebih dapat menimbulkan efek racun.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan dan tingkat pencemaran logam berat Fe pada air, sedimen, dan kerang hijau (Perna viridis) di perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7 November dan 7 Desember 2013 dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Logam berat Fe dalam sampel air, sedimen dan kerang hijau dianalisis di Laboratorium Balai Besar Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri (BTPPI) Semarang dengan menggunakan metode AAS (AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometry). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan Tanjung Emas masih dalam taraf terkontaminasi logam Fe. Sedangkan pada sedimen dan pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis) sudah terindikasi tercemar logam Fe.Meskipun demikian variasi faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, pH, kecepatan arus dan jenis sedimen juga memberikan kontribusi yang cukup penting terhadap kandungan logam Fe.Kata Kunci: logam Fe, Air, Sedimen, Perna viridis, metode AAS Heavy metalsiron(Fe) is anessentialheavy metalswhose presencein a certain amountis neededby living organisms, but inexcessiveamountscan causetoxic effects.The aims of the research is to analyze the heavy metals coccentration and the pollution level of Fe in water, sediment, and green mussels (Perna viridis) at Tanjung Emas Semarang. This research was conducted from 7 November and 7 December 2013 using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and research methodswithdescriptive. The results showed that the waters of the Tanjung Emas is still in the stage of heavy metals contaminated iron (Fe). Sediment and green mussels (Perna viridis)already indicated heavy metal contaminatediron. However, variations inenvironmental factorssuch astemperature, salinity, pH, flow velocity an dsediment types also providean important contributionto heavy metal contentof iron(Fe).Key Words: Fe, water, sediment, Perna viridis, metode AAS

scholarly journals In situ immobilisation of heavy metals in soils using natural clay minerals

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 632-638
Author(s):  
Senad Murtić ◽  
Emina Sijahović ◽  
Hamdija Čivić ◽  
Mirza Tvica ◽  
Josip Jurković
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

This study attempted to evaluate the efficiency of zeolite and pyrophyllite ore materials in reducing the mobility of heavy metals in soil near the lignite mining dumps, and consequently in their availability for plants. Extraction of pseudo-total and available forms of heavy metals from soil samples was performed by using aqua regia and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and plant samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of this study illustrate that application of zeolite and pyrophyllite could be a suitable technique to reduce heavy metals availability in soils. Zeolite treatments have been shown to be significantly effective in reducing cadmium (Cd) mobility, as well as pyrophyllite treatments in reducing lead (Pb) mobility in the studied soil, regardless of applied rates. The accumulation of heavy metals in leaves of maize grown on soil plots treated by zeolite and pyrophyllite, was found to be lower compared to the untreated plots. This finding was to be expected, considering the effects of these treatments on heavy metals mobility in the studied soil.

scholarly journals Potential of Hyacinth Activated in Lowering Levels of Lead Heavy Metals by Method of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Dita Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Tuti Alawiyah ◽  
Madschen Sia Mei Ol Siska Selvija Tambun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lead Metal ◽  
Maximum Contact ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Made In

The Barito River as the largest and longest river in South Kalimantan has been convicted as the most polluted river on an international level. Where one of the most commonly found compounds is the heavy metal lead (Pb) with a high enough levels that alternatives are needed to reduce the levels of the metal. One way to reduce the levels of such heavy metals is to use activated carbon hyacinth. So the activated carbon from hyacinth is made in accordance with SII No.0258-79 and knows the effect of variations in the administration of activated carbon hyacinth at a time of 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes in lowering the levels of lead heavy metals (Pb). The research method used to determine the effect of variations in the administration of activated carbon hyacinth is by quantitative testing using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry tool. The results showed that activated carbon hyacinth has met SII No.0258-79 with a randemen test result of 15%, water content of 3%, and absorption of iodine of 241.16 mg / gram. Significant value produced 0.742 with regression value (r) 0.999 and resulted in decreased lead metal levels in the variation of 15 minutes activated carbon administration of -0.030 mg / l with an absorption of 120%, 30 minutes of 0.073 mg / l with an absorption of 48% and 45 minutes of -0.097 mg / l with an absorption of 167%. Hyacinth activated carbon can be used to lower the levels of lead heavy metals (Pb) with a maximum contact time of 45 minutes by 167%.

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, dan Cr) DALAM AIR DAN SEDIMEN DI PERAIRAN TELUK JAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yani Permanawati ◽  
Rina Zuraida ◽  
Andrian Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Subsurface Sediment ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Seawater Quality

Penelitian Lingkungan dan Kebencanaan Geologi Kelautan Perairan Teluk Jakarta (Tanjung Kait – Muara Gembong) dilakukan pada bulan Oktober - November 2010. Uji logam berat (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, dan Cr) dilakukan terhadap 28 contoh air laut dan 28 contoh sedimen dasar laut menggunakan metoda Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi kondisi lingkungan terkini dari kandungan logam berat dalam air laut dan sedimen dasar laut. Kandungan logam berat (air laut dalam mg/l : sedimen dasar laut dalam ppm) terukur sebagai berikut : Cu ( <0.005 : 15.000-169.500 ); Pb (0.005-0.011 : 14.000-58.100); Zn (0.005-0.007 : 95.800-333.000); Cd (0.006-0.015 : 0.012-0.750); Cr (<0.001 : 45.320-139.180). Berdasarkan Metode Storet dapat dilihat nilai status mutu air laut perairan ini adalah -12, berarti bahwa kualitas air laut di perairan termasuk kelas C (tercemar sedang). Sedangkan status mutu sedimen di perairan menunjukkan skor nilai status mutu sedimen adalah 0, yang berarti bahwa kualitas sedimen termasuk kelas A (tidak tercemar/memenuhi baku mutu). Jelas terlihat bahwa nilai ambang batas (NAB) logam berat dalam sedimen jauh lebih tinggi dari NAB logam berat dalam air. Kata kunci: logam berat, sedimen dasar laut, air laut, nilai status mutu Marine Environmental and Geological Hazard Survey In Jakarta Bay Waters (Tanjung Kait - Muara Gembong) conducted in October-November 2010. Testing of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr) performed on 28 samples of sea water and 28 subsurface sediment samples using the method of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The purpose of this study was to obtain data and information on current environmental conditions of heavy metal content in seawater and subsurface sediment. Heavy metal content (sea water in mg/l: subsurface sediment in ppm) measured as follows: Cu ( <0.005 : 15.000-169.500 ); Pb (0.005-0.011 : 14.000-58.100); Zn (0.005-0.007 : 95.800-333.000); Cd (0.006-0.015 : 0.012-0.750); Cr (<0.001 : 45.320-139.180). Based on the Storet method shows the value of water quality status of sea waters is -12, which means that the seawater quality in these waters belong to a class C (medium contaminated). While the status of sediment quality in these waters indicate subsurface sediment quality score status value is 0, which means that subsurface sediment quality belongs to the class A (not polluted/correspond to the quality standards). It is clearly seen that the threshold value (NAV) of heavy metals in sediments is much higher than the NAV of heavy metals in water. Keywords: heavy metal, subsurface sediment, seawater, quality score status

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Traditional Cosmetics Sold in Tunisian Local Markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Anouar Nouioui ◽  
Salah Mahjoubi ◽  
Asma Ghorbel ◽  
Marouen Ben Haj Yahia ◽  
Dorra Amira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Analytical Test ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cu And Zn

This study was undertaken in order to determine heavy metal contents in twelve (n=12) henna brands and eleven (n=11) kohl products. An analytical test was performed for Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in henna and kohl products using atomic absorption spectrophotometery. The overall mean concentrations of heavy metals in henna varied between 1.2 and 8.9 μg g−1 for Pb; 0.8 and 18.6 μg g−1 for Cd; 0.5 μg g−1 and 3.3 μg g−1 for Cu; and 3.7 μg g−1 and 90.0 μg g−1 for Zn. As for kohl products, Pb concentrations ranged between 51.1 μg g−1 and 4839.5 μg g−1, Cd concentrations ranged between 1.0 μg g−1 and 158.6 μg g−1, Cu concentrations ranged between 2.5 μg g−1 and 162.5 μg g−1, and Zn concentrations ranged between 0.7 μg g−1 and 185.0 μg g−1. The results of our study revealed that Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn contents in investigated samples were high, making from the prolonged use of such products a potential threat to human health. Therefore, major quality controls are recommended in order to enforce acceptable limits of potential contaminants in cosmetics and good manufacturing practice.

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: Determination of Chromium in Plants

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-435
Author(s):  
Earle E Cary ◽  
Oscar E Olson
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Chromium Recovery

Abstract A previously reported method for the determination of chromium in plants and biological materials has been simplified. The method, which involves wet digestion, isolation and concentration of chromium by liquid-liquid extraction, and final determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, is sensitive to about 20 ng chromium. Recovery studies and analysis of standard materials show that this method is reliable.

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