Benchmarking the Use of Immersive Virtual Bike Simulators for Understanding Cyclist Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Guo ◽  
Erin Marie Robartes ◽  
Austin Angulo ◽  
T. Donna Chen ◽  
Arsalan Heydarian
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Real World ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Realistic Representation ◽  
Human Sensing ◽  
The Impact

Recent reports indicate that cyclist fatalities are rising. Unlike automobile driver crash and safety studies, there is very limited information and data on how different environmental or design features impact cyclists’ behaviors, attention, and awareness. Real world studies evaluating cyclist behavior are limited due to their inherent safety risk; therefore, there is a need for alternate data to better inform the planning and design of roadways for all users. Immersive virtual environments (IVE) have shown to provide a realistic representation of real-world conditions; however, these tools have not been evaluated and validated for vulnerable road users, such as cyclists. The purpose of this study is to assess the use of an IVE bike simulator to study the impact of design and environmental conditions on cyclists’ perceived safety and behavioral changes. By benchmarking cyclists' behaviors and perceived safety in real-life settings compared to its representative IVE bike simulation, we can validate whether these IVE simulators are realistic representations of real-world conditions. Furthermore, by connecting these environments with the latest low-cost human sensing devices, we have built a multimodal human sensing data collection system to track participants’ gaze, heart rate, and head movement. The preliminary results from a six-participant pilot study indicate that our simulators are capable of replicating cyclists’ speed profile, heart rate changes, and most of the head and gaze behaviors and that these measurements are sensitive to environmental changes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Multidisciplinary Discussion (MDD) in the Diagnosis and Management of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ghofran Ageely ◽  
Carolina Souza ◽  
Kaissa De Boer ◽  
Saly Zahra ◽  
Marcio Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Provisional Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
The Impact

Accurate diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is crucial for management and prognosis but can be challenging even for experienced clinicians. Expert multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) is considered the reference standard for ILD diagnosis; however, there remain concerns regarding lack of validation studies and relative limited information on the impact of MDD in real-life clinical practice. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of MDD in providing a specific ILD diagnosis, changing the diagnosis provided upon referral, and to determine how often and in which way MDD altered management. Material and Methods. Retrospective observational study in an ILD referral tertiary academic center. MDD diagnoses were categorized as specific, provisional, and unclassifiable ILD. Pre-MDD and MDD diagnoses were compared for change in diagnosis and concordance rates for specific diagnoses. Relevant change in management including initiation or change in pharmacological treatment, referral to surgical biopsy, and nonpharmacological management were recorded. Results. 126 cases were included (79M, 47F, 36–93 years, mean 70 y). Specific MDD diagnosis was provided in 62% (78/126); 12% (15/126) had provisional diagnosis, and 21% (27/126) was unclassifiable. Overall agreement for specific pre-MDD and MDD diagnosis was 41% (52/126) and 80% for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis. MDD altered diagnosis in 37% (47/126) and changed management in 39% (50/126). Amongst concordant diagnoses, management was altered in 46% (24/52). In summary, MDD provided a specific diagnosis discordant with pre-MDD diagnosis in a significant proportion of cases and was particularly valuable in the diagnosis of non-IPF ILD. MDD often altered management and had relevant impact on management even in cases with concordant pre-MDD diagnosis.

A Low-Cost Real-World Planning Strategy for Deploying a Dedicated Short-Range Communications Roadside Unit on a Highway Off-Ramp

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (19) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Walker ◽  
Kevin Heaslip
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Dedicated Short Range Communications ◽  
Roadside Unit ◽  
World Environment

The deployment of dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) roadside units (RSUs) allows a connected or automated vehicle to acquire information from the surrounding environment, such as a traffic light’s signal phase and timing, using vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. Several scholarly papers exist on planning strategies for DSRC RSU deployments using simulation without accounting for wireless communication constraints and environmental changes. This paper proposes an empirical-based planning strategy for a highway off-ramp in a real-world environment. The research goal focuses on developing a low-cost and structured deployment plan for DSRC RSUs with the following objectives: use free planning tools; apply the deployment strategy in a real-world environment; utilize publicly available DSRC RSU data measurements; and leverage existing intelligent transportation systems infrastructure when possible. The proposed planning strategy includes three steps: (1) conduct a virtual site survey, (2) gather baseline performance data for the DSRC RSU equipment, and (3) generate a predictive radio frequency signal. The planning strategy was successfully applied on a highway off-ramp at exit 19A of the Capital Beltway, which encircles Washington, DC.

scholarly journals Real-Time Quality Index to Control Data Loss in Real-Life Cardiac Monitoring Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5357
Author(s):  
Gaël Vila ◽  
Christelle Godin ◽  
Sylvie Charbonnier ◽  
Aurélie Campagne
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
Median Error ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Frequency Power

Wearable cardiac sensors pave the way for advanced cardiac monitoring applications based on heart rate variability (HRV). In real-life settings, heart rate (HR) measurements are subject to motion artifacts that may lead to frequent data loss (missing samples in the HR signal), especially for commercial devices based on photoplethysmography (PPG). The current study had two main goals: (i) to provide a white-box quality index that estimates the amount of missing samples in any piece of HR signal; and (ii) to quantify the impact of data loss on feature extraction in a PPG-based HR signal. This was done by comparing real-life recordings from commercial sensors featuring both PPG (Empatica E4) and ECG (Zephyr BioHarness 3). After an outlier rejection process, our quality index was used to isolate portions of ECG-based HR signals that could be used as benchmark, to validate the output of Empatica E4 at the signal level and at the feature level. Our results showed high accuracy in estimating the mean HR (median error: 3.2%), poor accuracy for short-term HRV features (e.g., median error: 64% for high-frequency power), and mild accuracy for longer-term HRV features (e.g., median error: 25% for low-frequency power). These levels of errors could be reduced by using our quality index to identify time windows with few or no data loss (median errors: 0.0%, 27%, and 6.4% respectively, when no sample was missing). This quality index should be useful in future work to extract reliable cardiac features in real-life measurements, or to conduct a field validation study on wearable cardiac sensors.

scholarly journals Real-life use of onabotulinumtoxinA reduces healthcare resource utilization in individuals with chronic migraine: the REPOSE study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Kollewe ◽  
Charly Gaul ◽  
Astrid Gendolla ◽  
Katherine Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Real World ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
German Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background Chronic migraine (CM) is associated with substantial economic burden. Real-world data suggests that onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for CM reduces healthcare resource utilisation (HRU) and related costs. Methods REPOSE was a 2-year prospective, multicentre, non-interventional, observational study to describe the real-world use of onabotulinumtoxinA in adult patients with CM. This analysis examined the impact of onabotulinumtoxinA on HRU. Patients received onabotulinumtoxinA treatment approximately every 12 weeks according to their physicians’ discretion, guided by the summary of product characteristics (SPC) and PREEMPT injection paradigm. HRU outcome measures were collected at baseline and all administration visits and included headache-related hospitalizations and healthcare professional (HCP) visits. Health economic data, including family doctor and specialist visits, inpatient treatment for headache, acupuncture, technical diagnostics, use of nonpharmacologic remedies, and work productivity were also collected for patients enrolled at German study centres. Results Overall, 641 patients were enrolled at 78 study centres across 7 countries (Germany, UK, Italy, Spain, Norway, Sweden, and Russia), 633 received ≥1 onabotulinumtoxinA dose, and 128 completed the 2-year study. Patients were, on average, aged 45 years, 85% were female, and 60% (n = 377) were from Germany. At the end of the 2-year observation period, significantly fewer patients reported headache-related hospitalizations (p < 0.02) and HCP visits (p < 0.001) within the past 3 months than in the 3 months before baseline. In the German population, reductions were observed across all health services at all follow-up visits compared with baseline. The percentage of patients who saw a family doctor decreased from 41.7% at baseline to 13.5% at administration visit 8 and visits to a medical specialist decreased from 61.7% to 5.2% of patients. Inpatient acute treatment and technical diagnostics declined from 6.4% and 19.7% of patients at baseline to 0.0% and 1.0% at administration 8, respectively. The use of nonpharmacologic remedies and medication for the acute treatment of migraine also decreased with continued onabotulinumtoxinA treatment. Work incapacity, disability, absenteeism, and impaired performance at school/work improved with onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for CM over the 2-year observation period. Conclusions Real-world evidence from REPOSE demonstrates that onabotulinumtoxinA treatment is associated with decreased HRU and supports the long-term benefits associated with the use of onabotulinumtoxinA for CM in clinical practice. Trial registration NCT01686581. Name of registry: ClinicalTrials.gov. URL of registry: Date of retrospective registration: September 18, 2012. Date of enrolment of first patient: July 23, 2012.

scholarly journals Jamming/Garbling assessment and possible mitigations in the OpenSky network

10.29007/fn6z ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Leonardi ◽  
Martin Strohmeier ◽  
Vincent Lenders
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Real World ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Channel ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

The Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) technology is one of the pillars of the future surveillance system for air traffic control. However, its many fundamental vulnerabilities are well known and an active area of research. This paper examines two closely related ADS-B radio frequency channel issues, jamming and garbling.Both jamming and garbling produce the same physical effect: the reception of mixed signals, coming from different sources (usually not co-located). In this paper, we assess the impact of these reception problems and examine three separate mitigation techniques. Through the use of theoretical evaluations, simulations and real-world analysis based on data collected by the OpenSky Network, we compare their effectiveness and establish a first baseline for their use in modern low-cost, crowdsourced ADS-B networks.

Is strong reciprocity really strong in the lab, let alone in the real world?

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şule Güney ◽  
Ben R. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Strong Reciprocity ◽  
The Real ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe argue that standard experiments supporting the existence of “strong reciprocity” do not represent many cooperative situations outside the laboratory. More representative experiments that incorporate “earned” rather than “windfall” wealth also do not provide evidence for the impact of strong reciprocity on cooperation in contemporary real-life situations or in evolutionary history, supporting the main conclusions of the target article.

scholarly journals Sensing and making sense of tourism flows and urban data to foster sustainability awareness: a real-world experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Prandi ◽  
Valentina Nisi ◽  
Miguel Ribeiro ◽  
Nuno Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Real World ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
Big Data Visualization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tourism Flows ◽  
Urban Data

AbstractTourism is one of the world’s largest industries fundamentally arising from mobility as a form of capital. In destination islands that have a delicate ecosystem to maintain, this source of income can become problematic in terms of sustainability. A difficulty in making people aware of this issue is also represented by the fact that such sustainability-related issues (and their causes) are often not “visible” to citizens. To foster awareness about the relationship between sustainability and tourism in well-known destinations, we design a platform that engages users at two levels of participation: i. at the IoT and sensors level, in order to let them becoming providers of big data, deploying and enlarging the pervasive infrastructure; ii. at the (big) data visualization level, with the aim of engaging them in making sense of large volumes of data related to sustainability. This paper presents the design and implementation of a real-world experience where a low-cost collaborative platform made it possible to sense and visualize tourist flows and urban data into a rich interactive map-based visualization, open to the local communities. We deployed our case study in the Madeira archipelago, engaging locals and visitors of the island in two exploratory studies focused on measuring the impact of providing users with meaningful representations of tourism flows and related unperceivable aspects that affect the environmental sustainability. Analysing the findings of the two studies, we discuss the potentiality of using such a system to make sense of big data, fostering awareness about sustainability issues, and we point to future open challenges about citizens’ participation in sensing and making sense of big data.

Investigation of Silver Migration Impacts on Microwave Systems Fabricated on LTCC Substrate Under High-Power RF Excitation and High Temperature and Humidity Conditions.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (1) ◽  
pp. 000242-000247
Author(s):  
Deepukumar M. Nair ◽  
K. M. Nair ◽  
Ken Souders ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Mark McCombs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Material System ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Rf Excitation ◽  
The Impact

The demand for cost effective LTCC systems has led to increasing use of silver based thick film conductors for inner layers of RF modules. There exists some level of concern about the reliability of silver as a conducting material for electronic circuit packaging. This arises from the tendency of silver to migrate under the influence of electric fields when subjected to certain favorable environment conditions. However, previous research has shown that if silver is used in a properly designed LTCC system on inner layers, the LTCC dielectric forms a hermetic seal around the circuit pattern, which leads to a highly reliable circuit and a low cost solution. This paper describes the results of an investigation to characterize and quantify the impact of silver migration on real-life microwave systems fabricated with DuPont GreenTape™ 951 LTCC material system with silver metallization. A buried multilayer filter was chosen from an actual production design in a high-reliability application, and was tested at 15W of continuous RF power at 1.5 GHz under 85°C/85% temperature and relative humidity. The chosen test conditions were meant to simulate actual operating conditions encountered by the circuit in real-world, high reliability applications. The focus of this work is to collect useful operational information under environmental stresses encountered in typical applications. To this effect, unlike previously reported work [1 ], [2 ], [3 ] by proponents of silver, the work described in this paper is not forcing silver to migrate, but rather tries to evaluate the performance of an actual application circuit fabricated with silver under high-reliability test conditions and high power, high frequency RF excitation. Material characterization data as well as RF performance data – in terms of S parameters and power delivered – indicates no evidence of detrimental effects or performance impairments due to silver migration or other mechanisms.

Mathematical Explorations: Variables and Spreadsheets Connect with Real-World Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 423-431
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Niess ◽  
Pejmon Sadri ◽  
Kwangho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Mathematical Connections ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spreadsheet Software ◽  
Real World Problems

Spreadsheet software is generally available in schools and is in wide-spread use in business. The use of spreadsheets can help students make mathematical connections with problems in the world around them. Many real-life quantitative problems require algebra for decision making. Examples include the impact of rising gas prices on family budgets; the amount of gasoline left in the tank of a car and the distance to the nearest gas station; and the level of monthly income versus money needed to pay for food, rent, utilities, and clothing. Although these issues do not require complex mathematics, they do require knowledge of basic algebra involving variables and equations.

scholarly journals Impact workshop desain pembelajaran oleh center for teaching staff development (CTSD) terhadap peningkatan profesionalisme dosen

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Yayan Suryana ◽  
Sekar Ayu Aryani ◽  
I. Irsyadunnas
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Staff Development ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Design Workshop ◽  
The Impact

Pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi adalah pembelajaran orang dewasa yang mengantarkan pembelajar pada kehidupan nyata di masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, seyogianya pembelajaran dirancang untuk membekali pembelajar berkarya atau bekerja di dunia nyata dan dirancang sebagai adult learning. Secara umum alumni Workshop Desain Pembelajaran di Perguruan Tinggi oleh Center For Teaching Staff Development (CTSD) mengungkapkan bahwa workshop itu menyenangkan, inspiratif, dan membantu mereka untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme dosen, terutama di bidang paedagogik. Secara umum alumni workshop, pemangku kepentingan/pengguna maupun fasilitator mengharap CTSD ke depan lebih meningkatkan kiprah dan keterlibatannya di UIN Sunan Kalijaga.Kata kunci: pembelajaran, adult learning, profesionalisme THE IMPACT OF LEARNING DESIGN WORKSHOP CONDUCTED BY CENTER FOR TEACHING STAFF DEVELOPMENT (CTSD) ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF TEACHING PROFESSIONALISMAbstractLearning in college is learning that sends adult learners in real life in the community. Therefore, learning should be designed to equip learners take part or work in the real world and is designed as adult learning. The former participants of Learning Design Workshop in Higher Educational Institution conducted by Center for Teaching Staff Development (CTSD) revealed that the workshop was fun, inspiring, and helping them to improve the professionalism of teachers, especially in the field of pedagogy. Generally, the alumni of the workshop, stakeholders/users, and trainers hope that CTSD can improve its involvement further in UIN Sunan Kalijaga.Keywords:learning, adult learning, profesionalisme

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