scholarly journals Materials and Corrosion Trends in Offshore and Subsea Oil and Gas Production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Iannuzzi ◽  
Afrooz Barnoush ◽  
Roy Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Environmentally Assisted Cracking ◽  
Engineering Alloys ◽  
Cantilever Bending

The ever-growing energy demand requires the exploration and the safe, profitable exploitation of unconventional reserves. The extreme environments of some of these unique prospects challenge the boundaries of traditional engineering alloys as well as our understanding of the underlying degradation mechanisms that could lead to a failure. Despite their complexity, high-pressure and high-temperature, deep- and ultra-deep, pre-salt, and Arctic reservoirs represent the most important source of innovation regarding materials technology, design methodologies, and corrosion control strategies.This paper provides an overview of trends in materials and corrosion research and development, with focus on subsea production but applicable to the entire industry. Emphasis is given to environmentally assisted cracking of high strength alloys and advanced characterization techniques based on in situ electrochemical nanoindentation and cantilever bending testing for the study of microstructure-environment interactions.

SANICRO 41

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract SANDVIK SANICRO 41 is a nickel-base corrosion resistant alloy with a composition balanced to resist both oxidizing and reducing environments. A high-strength version (110) is available for oil and gas production. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-475. Producer or source: Sandvik.

A Comparison Between ORC and Supercritical CO2 Bottoming Cycles For Energy Recovery From Industrial Gas Turbines Exhaust Gas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ancona ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
L. Branchini ◽  
A. De Pascale ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Abstract Gas turbines are often employed in the industrial field, especially for remote generation, typically required by oil and gas production and transport facilities. The huge amount of discharged heat could be profitably recovered in bottoming cycles, producing electric power to help satisfying the onerous on-site energy demand. The present work aims at systematically evaluating thermodynamic performance of ORC and supercritical CO2 energy systems as bottomer cycles of different small/medium size industrial gas turbine models, with different power rating. The Thermoflex software, providing the GT PRO gas turbine library, has been used to model the machines performance. ORC and CO2 systems specifics have been chosen in line with industrial products, experience and technological limits. In the case of pure electric production, the results highlight that the ORC configuration shows the highest plant net electric efficiency. The average increment in the overall net electric efficiency is promising for both the configurations (7 and 11 percentage points, respectively if considering supercritical CO2 or ORC as bottoming solution). Concerning the cogenerative performance, the CO2 system exhibits at the same time higher electric efficiency and thermal efficiency, if compared to ORC system, being equal the installed topper gas turbine model. The ORC scarce performance is due to the high condensing pressure, imposed by the temperature required by the thermal user. CO2 configuration presents instead very good cogenerative performance with thermal efficiency comprehended between 35 % and 46 % and the PES value range between 10 % and 22 %. Finally, analyzing the relationship between capital cost and components size, it is estimated that the ORC configuration could introduce an economical saving with respect to the CO2 configuration.

Alloying Concept for High-Strength Seamless Heavy-Wall Line Pipe Suitable for Sour Service Applications

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Biermann ◽  
C. Kaucke ◽  
M. Probst-Hein ◽  
B. Koschlig
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Sour Service

Offshore oil and gas production worldwide is conducted in increasingly deep waters, leading to more and more stringent demands on line pipes. Higher grades and heavier wall thicknesses in combination with deep temperature toughness properties, good weldability and suitability for sour service applications are among the characteristics called for. It is necessary that pipe manufacturers develop materials to meet these at times conflicting requirements. An alloying concept based on steel with very low carbon content is presented. This type of material provides excellent toughness properties at deep temperatures in line pipe with a wall thickness of up to 70 mm, produced by hot rolling followed by QT heat treatment. Pipes from industrial production of identical chemical composition and heat treatment achieved grades X65 to X80, depending on wall thickness. The properties of the steel used in pipes are presented. The resistance of the pipe material to the influence of sour gas was assessed by standard tests. To demonstrate weldability, test welds were performed and examined.

Assessment of Residual Stress and Suitability for Subsea Service of a Welded Superduplex Stainless Steel Flange Joint

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dodge ◽  
S. D. Smith ◽  
T. London ◽  
K. Sotoudeh ◽  
R. Morana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Superduplex Stainless Steel

Ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel components are used for oil and gas production duties due to their high strength and corrosion resistance. The material is routinely used for short flowlines, as well as for welded hubs and flanges. Cathodic protection (CP) is employed, via sacrificial aluminium based anodes, which protects ferritic steel parts from seawater corrosion. Whilst CP has proven successful in preventing corrosion, failures have occurred due to the ingress of electrolytically evolved hydrogen. Duplex stainless steel joints become susceptible to environmental cracking under a combination of high stress, hydrogen content, and susceptible microstructures; critical combinations of which may result in hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC). Successful operation of duplex equipment, in avoidance of HISC, necessitates a good understanding of the total in-service stresses (including from loading applied in service and from residual stresses from manufacture, fabrication, installation and commissioning). One of the key components of understanding the in-service stress at welds is knowledge of the residual stress distribution, following welding. The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of the typical residual stress levels in a welded superduplex stainless steel (SDSS) subsea joint, using neutron diffraction and finite element modelling. The results are presented in the context of current recommended practice, for example DNV RP-F112.

Overview of Deepwater and Ultra-Deepwater Spar Risers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yiu ◽  
P. Stanton ◽  
R. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Exploration And Production

For more than a decade, Spar Top Tension Risers (TTRs) and Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) have established a good track record through technology innovations. This paper describes how Spar TTR and SCR riser configurations have evolved to meet increasing industry demands and discusses the future of these riser systems. TTRs on the first Spar, Neptune, installed in the GOM in 1996, were supported by buoyancy cans. The next several Spar risers also used buoyancy cans with various improvements and modifications to the buoyancy can system design and installation method. In 2003, BP’s Holstein Spar was the first to use hydro-pneumatic tensioners to support its TTRs. The Kikeh and Perdido Spars also used tensioners. Optimization of TTRs is continuing with new construction methods such as the use of threaded and coupled (T&C) connectors instead of weld-on threaded connectors. Spar SCRs have also received widespread acceptance for deep and ultra-deepwater oil and gas production in recent years. The SCR has the advantages of relative low cost, conceptual simplicity, ease of fabrication and offshore installation. SCR hang-off options on a Spar include porch and pull tube. The pull tube option provides the most efficient technical solution for installation, brings the SCR interface above the water, which facilitates the piping hookup, and is better suited for the Spar’s architecture and transportation method. SCRs supported from a Spar have good fatigue performance in the touchdown region due to the relatively low motions of the Spar. As exploration and production activities move into deep and ultra-deepwater, and the metocean data increases in severity, Spar risers face additional design and analysis challenges. Adoption of high strength materials and strain-based design to meet these challenges is discussed.

The future is not what it used to be: oil and gas strategies for a carbon-conscious world

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Graham
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Lower Carbon

The COP 21 Paris climate deal in December 2015 signalled a landmark shift in a world increasingly conscious of the need to address greenhouse gas emissions. On the day it came into force – 4 November 2016 – 10 of the world’s leading oil and gas companies launched a US$1 billion fund to fast-track the development of low-emission technologies. While admittedly a fraction of their combined annual budgets, it marked a collective and public affirmation of changing attitudes within the industry towards supporting lower-carbon and renewable fuel sources. The global energy industry is at a turning point. Lower-carbon fuels have overtaken coal and oil in investment and market growth terms. Hydrocarbons will still dominate the future global energy mix, although natural gas and zero-carbon fuels are expected to drive at least 60% of global energy demand growth to 2035. The new energy landscape will challenge traditional business models in oil and gas production, coal extraction and power utilities. Searching questions can be expected from capital markets in the months and years ahead. Companies could come under pressure to de-risk their existing portfolios and diversify. But judging the pace and scale of transition from old to new will be key. In this paper, Wood Mackenzie will draw on its global industry expertise and emerging research into how the oil and gas sector can adapt to the increasingly pertinent carbon challenge.

Prospects, Challenges and Way Forward in the Use of Hydraulic Fracturing For Oil and Gas Production From Igneous Rocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Anuka ◽  
Celestine Udie ◽  
Grace Aquah
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

Abstract Commercial accumulation of hydrocarbons occurs mostly in sedimentary rocks due to their high porosity and permeability. Increased global energy demand has necessitated the need for unconventional methods of oil production. The world is gradually moving away from reliability on conventional oils. The need to ensure global energy sustainability has necessitated an urgent diversion to unconventional oils. In recent times, hydrocarbon accumulations have been found in igneous rocks. Their low porosity and permeability however prevents commercial production as oil and gas found in these rocks will not flow. Hydraulic fracturing is useful in increasing rock porosity as it involves the breaking of rocks to allow oil and gas trapped inside to flow to producing wells. This method is useful in developing unconventional resources such as oil and gas found in igneous rocks. This research explores the prospects, challenges and way forward in the use of hydraulic fracturing to increase the porosity of igneous rock for commercial production of oil and gas.

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