scholarly journals ‘Is Ethnicity the Root of all Evil?’ Engaging Macro and Micro Analysis of Ethnic Violence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizqy Amelia Zein
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Case ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Intragroup Conflict ◽  
Conflict Escalation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Symbolic Approach ◽  
Micro Analysis

In this theoretical review, the author examines intergroup conflict and genocide as the manifestation of politicised nationalism using several theoretical approaches. The theoretical review starts from combining micro (social-psychological approach) and macro perspectives (sociological and political approach) to answer these following questions; (a) how do we explain intragroup conflict and genocide as the consequences of nationalism’s existence? (b) In what circumstances are intergroup conflict, or in the most extreme case; genocide, likely to occur? (c) To what extent is the peace-making strategy significantly able to reduce the conflict escalation? Thus, the theoretical review is structured into four parts; addressing the problem of intergroup conflict and genocide as well as emphasising its importance to be aware of; tracing back the emergence of the nation using Smith and Barthian’s ethno-symbolic approach; narrating the conditions in which allow intergroup conflict arose; critical review of the peace-making strategy as ethnic conflict resolution and some concluding remarks.

scholarly journals ‘Is Ethnicity the Root of all Evil?’ Engaging Macro and Micro Analysis of Ethnic Violence in Post New-order Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-279
Author(s):  
Rizqy Amelia Zein
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Case ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
New Order ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Symbolic Approach ◽  
Micro Analysis

In this theoretical review, the author examines intergroup conflicts and genocides in post New-Order Indonesia as the manifestation of politicised nationalism by employing several theoretical approaches. The theoretical review starts from combining micro (social-psychological approach) and macro perspectives (sociological and political approach) to answer these following questions; (a) how do we explain intragroup conflicts and genocides, especially in post New-Order Indonesia, as the consequences of nationalism’s existence? (b) In what circumstances are intergroup conflict, or in the most extreme case; genocide, likely to occur? Thus, the theoretical review is structured into four parts; addressing the problem of intergroup conflict and genocide as well as emphasising its importance to be aware of; tracing back the emergence of the nation using Smith and Barthian’s ethno-symbolic approach; narrating the conditions in which allow intergroup conflict arose; and some concluding remarks.

Suicide and Homicide: A Test of a Role Theory of Destructive Behavior

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Palmer ◽  
John A. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Destructive Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Low Levels

This paper reviewed major sociological and social psychological bodies of theory on murder and suicide: social integration theory, social loss theory, frustration-aggression theory, and role theory. A synthesis of these theoretical approaches focusing on the processes of reciprocity and unreciprocity in role playing was advanced and an empirical test was conducted. It was found that suicide victims tend to experience significantly more reciprocity and homicide offenders significantly more unreciprocity in their role relationships. In addition, when social role loss increased already high levels of social integration, suicide was probable. When social role loss decreased low levels of social integration, homicide was a more likely consequence.

Intelligence Studies, Theory, and Intergroup Conflict and Resolution

2016 ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
Elena Mastors ◽  
Joseph H. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
Conflict Resolution Strategies ◽  
Intelligence Studies ◽  
Resolution Strategies

The study of intelligence traditionally relies on descriptive and case study approaches. However, the study of intelligence should shift from this reliance on case study approaches to one grounded in multidisciplinary theory. In particular, social psychological approaches should be fully integrated into an intelligence studies curriculum. These theories inform our understanding of intergroup processes, specifically intergroup conflict, so that we can begin to develop appropriate conflict resolution strategies.

Modes of Ingroup Identification and Notions of Justice Provide Distinct Pathways to Normative and Nonnormative Collective Action in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1754-1788
Author(s):  
Hema Preya Selvanathan ◽  
Bernhard Leidner
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Retributive Justice ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Conflict Escalation ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Ingroup Identification ◽  
The Gaza Strip

People on both sides of an intergroup conflict undertake various forms of collective action to seek justice for their own group. Three studies investigated whether modes of ingroup identification promoted distinct preferences for justice, which subsequently shaped the form of collective action people supported. Among Arab (Study 1, n = 148) and Jewish Israelis (Study 2, n = 294), we found that ingroup glorification promoted a desire for retributive justice, which predicted support for nonnormative collective action, whereas ingroup attachment promoted a desire for restorative justice, which predicted support for normative collective action. Further, during a period of conflict escalation (i.e., Palestinian protests at the Gaza Strip), emphasizing retributive or restorative justice produced differential effects on the links from glorification and attachment to nonnormative and normative collective action (Study 3, n = 546). This research advances our understanding of when and how collective action can escalate intergroup conflict.

scholarly journals Social-Psychological Determinants of Serbian Tourists’ Choice of Green Rural Hotels

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grubor ◽  
Milicevic ◽  
Djokic
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Managerial Implications

The significance of green rural tourism for sustainable development is widely recognized. In addition, a number of researches attempt to explain the green choice among tourists. Hereby, different theoretical approaches are used. The dynamic approach to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is implemented in this study. The approach considers that the influence of different elements of TPB (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) on intention to visit green rural hotels is tested in the context of different phases in behavior change of the respondents (pre-decision, pre-action, action). According to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first implementation of the dynamic approach to the TPB in understanding green rural choice. During data analysis, multigroup structural equation modelling (SEM) was used. The results indicate that the existence and the strength of the influences of the elements of TPB are different in different phases of behavior change. Managerial implications for the studied market (Serbia) are also provided within the paper.

Polarization and the Global Crisis of Democracy: Common Patterns, Dynamics, and Pernicious Consequences for Democratic Polities

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McCoy ◽  
Tahmina Rahman ◽  
Murat Somer
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common

This article argues that a common pattern and set of dynamics characterizes severe political and societal polarization in different contexts around the world, with pernicious consequences for democracy. Moving beyond the conventional conceptualization of polarization as ideological distance between political parties and candidates, we offer a conceptualization of polarization highlighting its inherently relational nature and its instrumental political use. Polarization is a process whereby the normal multiplicity of differences in a society increasingly align along a single dimension and people increasingly perceive and describe politics and society in terms of “Us” versus “Them.” The politics and discourse of opposition and the social–psychological intergroup conflict dynamics produced by this alignment are a main source of the risks polarization generates for democracy, although we recognize that it can also produce opportunities for democracy. We argue that contemporary examples of polarization follow a frequent pattern whereby polarization is activated when major groups in society mobilize politically to achieve fundamental changes in structures, institutions, and power relations. Hence, newly constructed cleavages are appearing that underlie polarization and are not easily measured with the conventional Left–Right ideological scale. We identify three possible negative outcomes for democracy—“gridlock and careening,” “democratic erosion or collapse under new elites and dominant groups,” and “democratic erosion or collapse with old elites and dominant groups,” and one possible positive outcome—“reformed democracy.” Drawing on literature in psychology and political science, the article posits a set of causal mechanisms linking polarization to harm to democracy and illustrates the common patterns and pernicious consequences for democracy in four country cases: varying warning signs of democratic erosion in Hungary and the United States, and growing authoritarianism in Turkey and Venezuela.

Intergroup commonality, political ideology, and tolerance of enemy collateral casualties in intergroup conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Schori-Eyal ◽  
Eran Halperin ◽  
Tamar Saguy
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Despite their pernicious effect on intergroup conflict, collateral casualties are seen as inevitable and justified by many members of the groups involved, particularly those who endorse a right-wing ideology. Drawing on social psychological literature, we examined whether a perception of commonality between in-group and out-group can be beneficial for reducing tolerance to collateral causalities. We hypothesized that viewing the out-group as sharing commonalities with the in-group can reduce processes of out-group delegitimization, which are common among right-wingers in intractable conflicts, and may therefore serve to explain reduction in tolerance to collateral casualties. Three correlational studies were conducted among Jewish-Israelis in the context of the conflict with the Palestinians to test this. In Study 1, right-wing political ideology was associated with stronger support for enemy collateral casualties, and the effect was moderated by perceived intergroup commonality. While leftists were overall non-supportive of collateral casualties, rightists who perceived high intergroup commonality were less tolerant of collateral casualties than those low on intergroup commonality. In Study 2, conducted during violent escalation, we replicated these results while controlling for anger, fear, and hatred. In Study 3, we found that the effect was mediated by delegitimization of the out-group. These results extend the range of beneficial impact of intergroup commonality, and imply that it may be used as a tool to promote conflict resolution.

scholarly journals Intergroup Conflict Escalation Leads to More Extremism

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Alizadeh ◽  
Alin Coman ◽  
Michael Lewis ◽  
Claudio Cioffi-Revilla
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Conflict Escalation
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