scholarly journals Black, White, and Blue: Bias, Profiling, and Policing in the Age of Black Lives Matter

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Communities Of Color

Published: Bridgette Baldwin, Black, White, and Blue: Bias, Profiling, and Policing in the Age of Black Lives Matter, 40 W. NEW ENG. L. REV. 431 (2018).The United States has experienced a series of murders at the hands of the police in recent years, from Michael Brown to Tamir Rice to Eric Garner. The brutalization of Black people at the hands of the police is not new, but many are being introduced to the concept of police brutality through the channels of social media. Hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter and #TakeAKnee have revolutionized the conversation about racism and policing, bringing these incidents into mainstream media and common conversation. This movement has led to a deeper discussion on the following questions: (1) Why are Black people viewed as violent by the police?; (2) Why are these murders and acts of brutality being seen so regularly?; and (3) What has the criminalization of communities of color done to damage the public's perception of Black communities? This Article attempts to answer all of these questions, coming to the conclusion that while the police brutality of Black people is not new, our understanding of why these incidents occur has developed into a deeper understanding of the institutional racism behind police brutality.

scholarly journals Reimagining fan studies in the age of Covid-19 and Black Lives Matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Esther Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Black People ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fan Studies ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Communities Of Color

We in the United States are living in the midst of two pandemics: Covid-19, which is affecting communities of color at an absurdly disproportionate rate, and a renewed spate of murders of Black people at the hands of police. They reveal the depths of racial inequity and injustice in our country. This is a crisis—a turning point where many of us are wondering what we can do better and how we can be better. For us in fan studies, will we finally face the white supremacy embedded in our discipline and take steps to become an antiracist discipline?

Embodied Memory and Alternative Futures

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Ruby Clementine Kernkamp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Alternative Futures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Performance Artists ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Embodied Memory

Through the Peace Ride, the Compton Cowboys, as activists and performance artists within the Black Lives Matter movement, materialized the long legacy of Black men and women riders in the United States. These protest bodies on horseback imagine alternative futures for Black communities through embodied memory and a rewriting of the archive.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Trayvon Martin

The conclusion notes the ways that Malcolm X’s criticism of U.S. policy in the Congo, which he finds consistent with a larger disregard for the lives of Black people, globally conceived, is echoed in the words and actions of Black Lives Matter activists, who organized following the murder of Trayvon Martin in Sanford, Florida, and the failure to prosecute his killer. Sanford is a town founded by Henry Shelton Sanford, who represented the United States at the Berlin Conference and worked as a lobbyist for King Leopold II, which helped to fund his Florida empire. This chapter notes that Sanford was directly at odds with George Washington Williams during their lifetime and up until their deaths, which suggests that the Congo appears as an integral part of the landscape of U.S. racial violence and that African American critics of colonialism have always been willing to use their voices to say so.

scholarly journals Hong Kong Unraveled: Social Media and the 2019 Protest Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anonymous
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Protest Movement ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Left Behind

Social media played a toxic role in the Hong Kong protests of 2019, overwhelming diverse voices and taxing mainstream media to a degree that it relinquished traditional principles of discovery and balance. As in other places where social media has mixed with politics, it helped polarize the Hong Kong public and dominated international views of the protests. Among other consequences, Hong Kong became a pawn in geopolitical rivalry between China and the United States, in part because both China and the United States accepted the view that Hong Kong was in the throes of full-fledged rebellion. Left behind were voices in the middle ground, the business community, and others who were mostly silent witnesses as Hong Kong devolved into widely traded scenes of violent protest.

Recent Cases of Regressive and Racially Disparate Taxation in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 469-486
Author(s):  
Andre L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Collateral Consequence ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Deliberate Effort

This chapter assesses whether there is a national trend in the United States toward disproportionate imposition of regressive taxes on low-income communities of color, reflective of a deliberate effort to shift the tax burden from the wealthy and white to the poor and black. This phenomenon is not new. There is a history of communities that are facing financial exigencies correcting their budget deficits by levying formal and informal taxes on black people. The collateral consequence of formal and informal taxes levied disproportionately on black people includes more potentially violent confrontations with police and responses like the Black Lives Matter Movement. The chapter then considers whether well-intentioned white folks have lent their support to racist taxation, perhaps unwittingly, because the stated purposes of increased taxes satisfy their social desires while it squares with their financial interests to ignore the disparate racial ramifications.

When Twitter Got #woke : Black Lives Matter, DeRay McKesson, Twitter, and the Appropriation of the Aesthetics of Protest

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Vis ◽  
Simon Faulkner ◽  
Safiya Umoja Noble ◽  
Hannah Guy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Company

This chapter takes as its focal point a press photograph of the arrest of DeRay McKesson, a prominent black figure associated with the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in the United States. In the photograph, McKesson is shown wearing a T-shirt, produced by the social media company Twitter, that bears the hashtag #StayWoke. This photographic image is examined by deploying an ‘anatomy of an image’ approach, defined by two qualitative modes of analysis. First, looking at the use of the photograph in the mainstream online press as well as selectively on Twitter; second, by treating the image and, in particular, the T-shirt McKesson wears as a starting point for a discussion of relationships between BLM, McKesson, and Twitter.

A House Divided Now on Fire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caron E. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
The Law

The violence against black people in the United States, as witnessed particularly in the shootings of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and of John Crawford III in Ohio, indicates the anxiety over the changing social order from white patriarchal to a more diversified locus of power. Therefore, it conducts a discourse analysis of texts, such as the Blue Lives Matter website, that reactively and defensively support the law enforcement community and refute the Black Lives Matter narrative. The discourse analysis reveals a level of anxiety that allows those within the police community to scapegoat the Black Lives Matter movement, further revealing the need of this particular community to maintain hegemonic race relations: thereby failing to recognize the vulnerability of black people in the United States.

Manufacturing rage: The Russian Internet Research Agency’s political astroturfing on social media

First Monday ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Rawi ◽  
Anis Rahman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Internet Research ◽  
Campaign Strategies ◽  
Public Dataset ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization

This paper examines social media ads purchased by the Russian Internet Research Agency (IRA). Using a public dataset, we employ a mixed method to analyze the thematic and strategic patterns of these ads. Due to Facebook and Instagram’s promotional features, IRA managed to microtarget audiences mostly located in the United States fitting its messages to suit the audiences’ political, racial, gendered, and in some cases religious backgrounds. The findings reveal the divisive nature and topics that are dominant in the dataset including: race, immigration, and police brutality. By expanding on the theoretical conceptualization of astroturfing strategy that focuses on carefully concealing the identity and intention of actors behind social media activities, we argue that IRA has added political astroturfing as a powerful tool at a low cost contributing to the broader Russian geopolitical disinformation campaign strategies. The IRA made use of the business model of Facebook and Instagram in an attempt to further divide its targeted audiences and by highlighting mostly negative issues with a potential goal of fuelling political rage.

Editors’ Introduction to the International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches Black Lives Matter Special Issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie ◽  
John H. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Black Lives Matter

With this editorial, we introduce the Black Lives Matter special issue (i.e., Volume 13, Issue 1) of the International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches. Inspired by the Black Lives Matter protests that took place in the United States and worldwide in response to the brutal killing of unarmed George Perry Floyd Jr. by police officer Derek Chauvin in Minnesota, during an arrest, we chronicle the evolution of this special issue. Then, we preview the 12 articles in this special issue, paying particular attention to the foreword and afterword, both of which are exceptional. As each work is read, we encourage readers to reflect on the topic of implicit bias and institutionalized (i.e., systematic) racism pertaining to members of Black communities. Further, we hope that readers encourage others to read and to reflect on these special issue articles—and then engage in much needed dialogue with them.

These Brothers Chose Well

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Michael D. Yates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Panther Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Black Panther

Writer, editor, and prison activist Susie Day has written a beautiful, heartrending, and inspiring account of the friendship between Paul Coates and Eddie Conway. Both were born in the late 1940s and grew up in Black communities—Paul in Philadelphia and Eddie in Baltimore. Both were members of the Black Panther Party in the late 1960s and early '70s, and both were harassed by police for their radical activities as Party members. Eddie was wrongfully convicted of killing a Baltimore policeman and spent forty-four years in prison. Through it all, Paul was his steadfast friend and supporter, as well as partner in their political development and commitment to the liberation of Black people in the United States.

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