scholarly journals Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Goldberg ◽  
Raymond P. Tucker ◽  
Preston A. Greene ◽  
Richard J Davidson ◽  
Bruce E. Wampold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Minimal Treatment ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Active Controls

Despite widespread scientific and popular interest in mindfulness-based interventions, questions regarding the empirical status of these treatments remain. We sought to examine the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for clinical populations on disorder-specific symptoms. To address the question of relative efficacy, we coded the strength of the comparison group into five categories: no treatment, minimal treatment, non-specific active control, specific active control, and evidence-based treatment. A total of 142 non-overlapping samples and 12,005 participants were included. At post-treatment, mindfulness-based interventions were superior to no treatment (d = 0.55), minimal treatment (d = 0.37), non-specific active controls (d = 0.35), and specific active controls (d = 0.23). Mindfulness conditions did not differ from evidence-based treatments (d = -0.004). At follow-up, mindfulness-based interventions were superior to no treatment conditions (d = 0.50), non-specific active controls (d = 0.52), and specific active controls (d = 0.29). Mindfulness conditions did not differ from minimal treatment conditions (d = 0.38) and evidence-based treatments (d = 0.09). Effects on specific disorder subgroups showed the most consistent evidence in support of mindfulness for depression, pain conditions, smoking, and addictive disorders. Results support the notion that mindfulness-based interventions hold promise as evidence-based treatments.

scholarly journals Exercise-Based Interventions to Enhance Long-Term Sustainability of Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sansano-Nadal ◽  
Giné-Garriga ◽  
Brach ◽  
Wert ◽  
Jerez-Roig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Mean Differences

Exercise is a form of physical activity (PA). PA is an important marker of health and quality of life in older adults. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effect of exercise-based interventions on an at least six-month follow up PA measure, and to describe the specific strategies implemented during the intervention to strengthen the sustainability of PA in community-dwelling 65+ year-old adults. We registered and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42017070892) of randomized clinical trials (RCT). We searched three electronic databases during January 2018 to identify RCT assessing any type of exercise-based intervention. Studies had to report a pre-, post-, and at least 6-month post-intervention follow-up. To be included, at least one PA outcome had to be assessed. The effect of exercise-based interventions was assessed compared to active (e.g., a low-intensity type of exercise, such as stretching or toning activities) and non-active (e.g., usual care) control interventions at several time points. Secondary analyses were conducted, restricted to studies that reported specific strategies to enhance the sustainability of PA. The intervention effect was measured on self-reported and objective measures of time spent in PA, by means of standardized mean differences. Standardized mean differences of PA level were pooled. Pooled estimates of effect were computed with the DerSimonian–Laird method, applying a random effects model. The risk of bias was also assessed. We included 12 studies, comparing 18 exercise intervention groups to four active and nine non-active control groups. Nine studies reported specific strategies to enhance the long-term sustainability of PA. The strategies were mostly related to the self-efficacy, self-control, and behavior capability principles based on the social cognitive theory. Exercise interventions compared to active control showed inconclusive and heterogeneous results. When compared to non-active control, exercise interventions improved PA time at the six-months follow up (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.30; 95%CI 0.15 to 0.44; four studies; 724 participants; I2 0%), but not at the one- or two-years follow-ups. No data were available on the mid- and long-term effect of adding strategies to enhance the sustainability of PA. Exercise interventions have small clinical benefits on PA levels in community-dwelling older adults, with a decline in the observed improvement after six months of the intervention cessation.

scholarly journals Evidence-based treatments of addiction

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1507) ◽  
pp. 3277-3286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

Both pharmacotherapy and behavioural treatment are required to relieve the symptoms of addictive disorders. This paper reviews the evidence for the benefits of pharmacotherapy and discusses mechanisms where possible. Animal models of addiction have led to some medications that are effective in reducing symptoms and improving function but they do not produce a cure. Addiction is a chronic disease that tends to recur when treatment is stopped; thus, long-term treatment is recommended.

Introduction

Depression ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Measurement Based Care ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Selection Of

Depression is a common psychiatric condition that is now recognized as the leading medical cause of functional disability. The high prevalence and its common comorbidity with other medical conditions mean that depression must be recognized and managed by all physicians and health professionals. There are many evidence-based treatments for depression, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and other somatic treatments. Unfortunately, however, many patients are not able to access treatments because of limitations in healthcare delivery systems. The principles of care for major depressive disorder include: thorough assessment and diagnosis, selection of appropriate and evidence-based treatments, and careful follow up using measurement-based care.

Evidence-based treatments for depression and anxiety versus treatment-as-usual: A meta-analysis of direct comparisons

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Wampold ◽  
Stephanie L. Budge ◽  
Kevin M. Laska ◽  
A.C. Del Re ◽  
Timothy P. Baardseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Versus Treatment

Why is self-help neglected in the treatment of emotional disorders? A meta-analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. A. M. DEN BOER ◽  
D. WIERSMA ◽  
R. J. VAN DEN BOSCH
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Self Help Groups

Background. Although the burden of emotional disorders is very high, mental health care is only available to a minority of patients. The literature suggests that self-help strategies, both bibliotherapy and self-help groups alike, are effective for various, less serious complaints but it is unclear whether available data support a role for self-help in treatment protocols for patients with clinically significant emotional disorders.Method. We searched the literature with a focus on ‘anxiety’ and/or ‘depressive disorder’. Standardized assessment of diagnosis or symptoms and randomized controlled trials were inclusion criteria for a meta-analysis.Results. The mean effect size of self-help (mainly bibliotherapy) v. control conditions is 0·84, and 0·76 for follow-up; the effect sizes of self-help v. treatment are −0·03 and −0·07 respectively. A longer treatment period is more effective.Conclusions. Bibliotherapy for clinically significant emotional disorders is more effective than waiting list or no treatment conditions. The dearth of studies on self-help groups for emotional disorders does not permit an evidence-based conclusion concerning the effects of self-help groups. No difference was found between bibliotherapy and psychiatric treatment of relatively short duration.

scholarly journals Digital Mental Health for Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Boumparis ◽  
Mieke H. J. Schulte ◽  
Heleen Riper
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Active Controls

Abstract Purpose Only about 20% of people suffering from substance use disorders access available treatments due to various obstacles; digital interventions could potentially overcome some of these. Meta-analyses suggest the strongest evidence for interventions targeting alcohol use reduction, followed by cannabis and illicit substances. However, most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) used unguided standalone interventions compared to non-active controls, with limited follow-up periods and disregarded comorbidity. This review examines the literature published over the last three years (2016–2019), with a focus on recent RCTs and whether they addressed some of these gaps. Recent findings Except for digital interventions targeting alcohol use, the number of RCTs in the last three years is limited. Although there is considerable heterogeneity between the studies, most of them applied unguided add-on interventions compared to active control groups, and a limited number investigated guided interventions. In addition, there is a need for longer follow-up periods, active rather than non-active control groups, outcome standardization, and increased focus on comorbidity. Summary Although the number of studies using guided add-on or blended interventions compared to active controls has increased, future studies should consider our identified gaps and suggestions to further strengthen the evidence of digital interventions for reducing the use of alcohol and other substances.

scholarly journals Firesetting Reoffending: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110135
Author(s):  
Katie Sambrooks ◽  
Mark E. Olver ◽  
Thomas E. Page ◽  
Theresa A. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Problematic Behavior ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Base Rates ◽  
Treatment Provision ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children

Despite the significant adverse consequences of deliberate firesetting, it has been unclear what proportion of individuals repeat this problematic behavior, owing to methodological differences and large variability in reported reoffending rates. A meta-analysis of 25 samples of untreated adults and children with a history of firesetting, examining reoffending over a follow-up period, was conducted. The base rates of reoffending from this meta-analysis indicated that between 57% and 66% of untreated firesetters engage in general reoffending, between 8% and 10% engage in criminal arson, and around 20% engage in deliberate firesetting behavior. The odds of firesetting during the follow-up period were 5 times greater for known firesetters in comparison with other offenders. Clinical and criminological correlates of reoffending, including age, are examined. Implications for enabling evidence-based practice with this population, including defensible risk assessments and treatment provision, are discussed.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Measurement Based Care ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Selection Of

• Depression is a common and disabling psychiatric condition that must be recognized by all physicians and health professionals.• The principles of care for major depressive disorder include: thorough assessment and diagnosis, selection of appropriate and evidence-based treatments, and careful follow up using measurement-based care....

Increasing treatment enrollment among smokers who are not motivated to quit: a randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Vinci ◽  
Cho Lam ◽  
Chelsey R Schlechter ◽  
Yusuke Shono ◽  
Jennifer I Vidrine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Holistic Counseling

Abstract There is a significant research-to-practice gap with respect to reaching underserved populations with evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments. Increasing enrollment in evidence-based treatments is necessary to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related health inequities. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether Motivation And Problem Solving (MAPS), a flexible, holistic counseling/navigation approach delivered via phone, and proactive provision of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) would improve Quitline enrollment among a sample of low SES smokers who were not motivated to quit. In a 3×2 factorial design, cigarette smokers (N = 603) were randomized to one of six treatment conditions (Standard Treatment, MAPS-6, or MAPS-12 by NRT or no NRT). Results indicated that both MAPS-6 and MAPS-12 increased Quitline enrollment compared to Standard Treatment (ps < .03). There were no differences between MAPS conditions. NRT did not increase Quitline enrollment. MAPS is an effective intervention with the potential to be disseminated and implemented in healthcare and community settings to increase the reach of evidence-based interventions for tobacco cessation.

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