Firesetting Reoffending: A Meta-Analysis

Despite the significant adverse consequences of deliberate firesetting, it has been unclear what proportion of individuals repeat this problematic behavior, owing to methodological differences and large variability in reported reoffending rates. A meta-analysis of 25 samples of untreated adults and children with a history of firesetting, examining reoffending over a follow-up period, was conducted. The base rates of reoffending from this meta-analysis indicated that between 57% and 66% of untreated firesetters engage in general reoffending, between 8% and 10% engage in criminal arson, and around 20% engage in deliberate firesetting behavior. The odds of firesetting during the follow-up period were 5 times greater for known firesetters in comparison with other offenders. Clinical and criminological correlates of reoffending, including age, are examined. Implications for enabling evidence-based practice with this population, including defensible risk assessments and treatment provision, are discussed.

Download Full-text

Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.31231/osf.io/etghn ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Simon Goldberg ◽

Raymond P. Tucker ◽

Preston A. Greene ◽

Richard J Davidson ◽

Bruce E. Wampold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Control ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Addictive Disorders ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Evidence Based Treatments ◽

Minimal Treatment ◽

Specific Symptoms ◽

Active Controls

Despite widespread scientific and popular interest in mindfulness-based interventions, questions regarding the empirical status of these treatments remain. We sought to examine the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for clinical populations on disorder-specific symptoms. To address the question of relative efficacy, we coded the strength of the comparison group into five categories: no treatment, minimal treatment, non-specific active control, specific active control, and evidence-based treatment. A total of 142 non-overlapping samples and 12,005 participants were included. At post-treatment, mindfulness-based interventions were superior to no treatment (d = 0.55), minimal treatment (d = 0.37), non-specific active controls (d = 0.35), and specific active controls (d = 0.23). Mindfulness conditions did not differ from evidence-based treatments (d = -0.004). At follow-up, mindfulness-based interventions were superior to no treatment conditions (d = 0.50), non-specific active controls (d = 0.52), and specific active controls (d = 0.29). Mindfulness conditions did not differ from minimal treatment conditions (d = 0.38) and evidence-based treatments (d = 0.09). Effects on specific disorder subgroups showed the most consistent evidence in support of mindfulness for depression, pain conditions, smoking, and addictive disorders. Results support the notion that mindfulness-based interventions hold promise as evidence-based treatments.

Download Full-text

Abstract P027: Fasting Glucose And Risk Of Heart Failure

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p027 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Khan ◽

Setor Kunutsor ◽

Jussi Kauhanen ◽

Sudhir Kurl ◽

Eiran Gorodeski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Independent Association

Background: There remains uncertainty regarding the association between fasting glucose (FG) and the risk of heart failure (HF) in individuals without a history of diabetes. Methods and Results: We assessed the association between FG and HF risk in a population-based cohort of 1,740 men aged 42-61 years free from HF or diabetes at baseline. Additionally, we performed a meta-analysis of relevant prospective studies identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. During a mean follow-up of 20.4 years, 146 participants developed HF (4.1 cases per 1000 person-years). In models adjusted for age, the hazard ratio (HR) for HF per 1 mmol/L increase in FG was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22, 1.48). This association persisted after adjustment for established HF risk factors (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14, 1.42). Compared with FG< 5.6 mmol/L, there was an increased risk amongst those with FG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.82, 1.88) and ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.50, 7.08). HRs remained consistent across several clinical subgroups. In a meta-analysis of 10 prospective studies (Figure 1) involving a total of 4,213 incident HF cases, the HR for HF per 1 mmol/L increase in FG level was 1.11 (95% CI 1.04, 1.17), consistent with a linear dose-response relationship with evidence of heterogeneity between studies (I2=79%, 63-89%; P<0.001). Conclusions: A positive, continuous, and independent association exists between FG and risk for HF. Further studies are needed to evaluate the causal relevance of these findings.

Download Full-text

Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m1361 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m1361 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Elpida Vounzoulaki ◽

Kamlesh Khunti ◽

Sophia C Abner ◽

Bee K Tan ◽

Melanie J Davies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

White Population ◽

History Of ◽

Meta Regression

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate and compare progression rates to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy controls.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline and Embase between January 2000 and December 2019, studies published in English and conducted on humans.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesObservational studies investigating progression to T2DM. Inclusion criteria were postpartum follow-up for at least 12 months, incident physician based diagnosis of diabetes, T2DM reported as a separate outcome rather than combined with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, and studies with both a group of patients with GDM and a control group.ResultsThis meta-analysis of 20 studies assessed a total of 1 332 373 individuals (67 956 women with GDM and 1 264 417 controls). Data were pooled by random effects meta-analysis models, and heterogeneity was assessed by use of the I2 statistic. The pooled relative risk for the incidence of T2DM between participants with GDM and controls was estimated. Reasons for heterogeneity between studies were investigated by prespecified subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and, overall, studies were deemed to have a low risk of bias (P=0.58 and P=0.90). The overall relative risk for T2DM was almost 10 times higher in women with previous GDM than in healthy controls (9.51, 95% confidence interval 7.14 to 12.67, P<0.001). In populations of women with previous GDM, the cumulative incidence of T2DM was 16.46% (95% confidence interval 16.16% to 16.77%) in women of mixed ethnicity, 15.58% (13.30% to 17.86%) in a predominantly non-white population, and 9.91% (9.39% to 10.42%) in a white population. These differences were not statistically significant between subgroups (white v mixed populations, P=0.26; white v non-white populations, P=0.54). Meta-regression analyses showed that the study effect size was not significantly associated with mean study age, body mass index, publication year, and length of follow-up.ConclusionsWomen with a history of GDM appear to have a nearly 10-fold higher risk of developing T2DM than those with a normoglycaemic pregnancy. The magnitude of this risk highlights the importance of intervening to prevent the onset of T2DM, particularly in the early years after pregnancy.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019123079.

Download Full-text

Optimal scheduling of post-therapeutic follow-up of patients treated for cancer for early detection of relapses

Statistical Methods in Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0962280214524178 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 2457-2471 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Serge MA Somda ◽

Eve Leconte ◽

Jean-Marie Boher ◽

Bernard Asselain ◽

Andrew Kramar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Early Detection ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Optimal Schedule ◽

Optimal Scheduling ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Scientific Societies ◽

Different Types ◽

History Of

Post-therapeutic surveillance is one important component of cancer care. However, there still is no evidence-based strategies to schedule patients’ follow-up examinations. Our approach is based on the modeling of the probability of the onset of relapse at an early asymptotic or preclinical stage and its transition to a clinical stage. For that we consider a multistate homogeneous Markov model, which includes the natural history of relapse. The model also handles separately the different types of possible relapses. The optimal schedule is provided by the calendar visit that maximizes a utility function. The methodology has been applied to laryngeal cancer. The different follow-up strategies revealed to be more efficient than those proposed by different scientific societies.

Download Full-text

Neuropsychological performance following a history of multiple self-reported concussions: A meta-analysis

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617709991287 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 262-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

HEATHER G. BELANGER ◽

ERIC SPIEGEL ◽

RODNEY D. VANDERPLOEG

Keyword(s):

Brain Injuries ◽

Neuropsychological Functioning ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

Symptom Complaints

AbstractDebate continues about the long-term neuropsychological impact of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI). A meta-analysis of the relevant literature was conducted to determine the impact of having a history of more than one self-reported MTBI (versus just one MTBI) across seven cognitive domains, as well as symptom complaints. The analysis was based on 8 studies, all conducted with athletes, involving 614 cases of multiple MTBI and 926 control cases of a single MTBI. The overall effect of multiple MTBI on neuropsychological functioning was minimal and not significant (d = 0.06). However, follow-up analyses revealed that multiple self-reported MTBI was associated with poorer performance on measures of delayed memory and executive functioning. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. (JINS, 2010, 16, 262–267.)

Download Full-text

A Meta-analysis of Language Abilities and Executive Function for Children with Cochlear Implants

Audiology and Speech Research ◽

10.21848/asr.210006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 278-290

Author(s):

Yoonhee Yang ◽

Dongsun Yim

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Cochlear Implants ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Language Ability ◽

Language Abilities ◽

Sequential Processing ◽

Memory Inhibition ◽

History Of

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in language ability and executive functions of children with cochlear implants (CI) and their peer normal hearing (NH) children, and to find out whether the auditory history (duration of CI use, age at implantation) of CI group plays a role as a moderator in controlling the effect size of the differences of the CI and NH groups. A total of 77 articles were searched, 11 studies which met the inclusive and exclusive criteria were selected from three electronic databases (Academic Search Complete, PsycInfo, PubMed). As a result, significant differences were identified in language ability and the five executive function subtypes (working memory, inhibition, shifting, emotion control, and sustained sequential processing) between two groups. But, the hearing history of CI group (duration of CI use, age at implantation) did not appear as a significant moderator. In conclusion, CI children’s language ability and executive function should be precisely monitored and regularly evaluated. In addition, we discussed the possibility that some executive function abilities (plan/organize, attention, and visuo-spatial organization) will remain in CI group. For the follow-up study, we need to identify various factors that support the CI children.

Download Full-text

An Updated Meta-Analysis of RCTs of Colchicine for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10143110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 3110

Author(s):

Aristeidis H. Katsanos ◽

Lina Palaiodimou ◽

Christopher Price ◽

Marios Themistocleous ◽

Robin Lemmens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Usual Care ◽

Stroke Prevention ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽

History Of

Emerging evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) suggests that colchicine has cardiovascular benefits for patients with coronary disease, including benefits for stroke prevention. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of all RCTs reporting on stroke outcomes during the follow-up of patients with a history of cardiovascular disease randomized to colchicine treatment or control (placebo or usual care). We identified 6 RCTs including a total of 11,870 patients (mean age 63 years, 83% males) with a mean follow-up of 2 years. Colchicine treatment was associated with a lower risk of stroke during follow-up, compared to that of placebo or usual care (risk ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.80; p = 0.004), without heterogeneity across the included studies (I2 = 0%, p for Cochran’s Q = 0.52). In the subgroup analysis, no heterogeneity (p = 0.77) was identified in the effect of colchicine on stroke prevention between patients with recent acute (RR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.15–2.05) or chronic stable (RR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21–0.89) coronary artery syndromes. In conclusion, we found that colchicine treatment decreases the stroke risk in patients with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Download Full-text

Communicating with consumers: The development of an evidence-based research agenda in chronic illness research

Australian Journal of Primary Health ◽

10.1071/py03050 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 218 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sophie Hill ◽

Judith Stoelwinder

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Social Programs ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Clinical Interventions ◽

Social Interventions ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

The Cochrane Collaboration

It is probably not surprising, but when most people talk about the ?getting and using? of evidence in health care, they are usually referring to evidence about treatments - things like pills and procedures. Despite this contemporary focus on health treatments, there is a long history of evaluating social, as well as clinical, interventions. Methods developed to answer evaluation questions of social interventions arose early in the twentieth century, and were applied, for example, to evaluate large-scale social programs in the USA (Oakley, 2001, pp.17-19). The study design of meta-analysis, used to synthesise the evidence from a number of studies of similar interventions, has been picked up and developed within medicine as well (Daly, Kellehear, & Gliksman, 1997, pp.139-53). This has led to the establishment of large-scale enterprises such as the Cochrane Collaboration, an example of an international organisation that is assembling and reviewing the effectiveness of many clinical interventions (Chalmers, 1993; Cochrane Collaboration, 2003).

Download Full-text

Adverse birth outcome and associated factors among diabetic pregnant women in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0241811

Author(s):

Demeke Mesfin Belay ◽

Wubet Alebachew Bayih ◽

Abebaw Yeshambel Alemu ◽

Aklilu Endalamaw Sinshaw ◽

Demewoz Kefale Mekonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Birth Outcome ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adverse Birth Outcome ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

History Of

Background The magnitude of adverse birth outcome among diabetic pregnant women is high in low-and-middle income countries, like Ethiopia. Precise epidemiological evidence is necessary to plan, evaluate and improve effective preventive measures. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to estimate the pooled prevalence of adverse birth outcome and associated factors among diabetic pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Web of Science and PsycINFO, and article found in University online repository were accessed. Observational studies such as cross-sectional, case-control and prospective cohort reported using English language was involved. I2 statistic was used to check heterogeneity. Egger’s test and funnel plot were used to measure publication bias. Weighted inverse variance random effects model was also performed. Results Seven studies with 1,225 study participants were retrieved to estimate the pooled prevalence of adverse birth outcome and associated factors. The pooled prevalence of adverse birth outcome among diabetic pregnant women was 5.3% [95% CI; 1.61, 17.41]. Fasting blood glucose level above 100 mg/dl [Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) = 10.51; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 5.90, 15.12], two hour post prandial glucose level above 120 mg/dl [AOR = 8.77; 95% CI = 4.51, 13.03], gestational age <37 completed week [AOR = 9.76; 95% CI = 5.29, 14.23], no ANC follow-up [AOR = 10.78; 95% CI = 6.12, 15.44], history of previous adverse outcomes [AOR = 3.47; 95% CI = 1.04, 5.90], maternal age < 30 years [AOR = 3.47; 95% CI = 1.04, 5.90], and illiteracy [AOR = 2.89; 95% CI = 0.81,4.97)] were associated factors of adverse birth outcome. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of adverse birth outcomes among diabetic pregnant women in Ethiopia was high. Child born from mothers who were illiterate, maternal age < 30 years, gestational age < 37 completed weeks, history of previous adverse birth outcomes and no ANC follow-up increased the risk of adverse birth outcome. Trial registration It is registered in PROSPERO data base: (PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020167734).

Download Full-text

Abstract 55: Kidney Measures Beyond Conventional Risk Factors for Predicting Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Collaborative Meta-Analysis of 16 Cohorts

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.55 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kunihiro Matsushita ◽

Josef Coresh ◽

Yingying Sang ◽

John Chalmers ◽

Caroline Fox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Conventional Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Mortality

Introduction: Despite the high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), there are conflicting data as to whether two key kidney measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, contribute to better CVD prediction, beyond conventional risk factors, warranting a more comprehensive investigation over a broad range of populations. Methods: We studied 127,825 participants without history of CVD from 12 general population, 3 high risk and 1 CKD cohorts with data on eGFR (based on the CKD-EPI creatinine equation) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and at least 4 years of median follow-up for CVD mortality (4,133 deaths from 15 cohorts), coronary heart disease (CHD) (5,420 events from 9 cohorts), stroke (2,651 events from 9 cohorts), or heart failure (2,507 events from 8 cohorts). To compare eGFR and ACR with conventional predictors independently of the order of modeling, we examined the worsening of 5-year prediction of CVD outcomes by omitting each predictor in turn compared to a full model with all kidney and conventional predictors. Results: C-statistics for full models ranged from 0.759-0.836 in general population and high risk cohorts and 0.712-0.796 in the CKD population (Table). All the conventional and kidney measures contributed to better prediction of CVD outcomes. The contribution of ACR was greater than that of any conventional modifiable risk factors except in predicting CHD in both general/high-risk cohorts and CKD population. Although weaker than ACR, eGFR also contributed significantly to better prediction of CVD mortality (especially in CKD populations) and CHD. Largely similar results were observed for categorical net reclassification index. Conclusion: The two key kidney measures (particularly albuminuria) contribute as much as some or all of the conventional risk factors to CVD prediction, supporting their use for CVD risk classification in certain circumstances.

Download Full-text