Measuring COVID-19 Fear and Threat in Australian, Indian, and Nepali University Students

The present study describes the adaption and validation of a brief measure of contagion-related fear and threat in Australian, Indian, and Nepali university students in Australia at the height of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adapted from Ho, Kwong-Lo, Mak, and Wong’s (2005) SARS-related fear scale, the Contagion Fear and Threat Scale (CFTS) was rapidly adapted to capture the experience of COVID-19 pandemic-related fear. The factor structure and validity of the 6-item scale were established among Australian (n=155), Indian (n=111), and Nepali (n=148) university students studying in Australia in May-June 2020. Factor analysis revealed two 3-item factors in the Australian student sample: Fear of Infection and Existential Threat. These factors were confirmed in the Indian and Nepali student samples and mirror those found by the Ho et al. (2005) in their original instrument. The convergent and discriminant validity of the full CFTS, Fear of Infection, and Existential Threat scales are indicated via correlations with established measures of depression, anxiety, stress, subjective wellbeing, and religiosity. Differences in the performance of the Fear of Infection and Existential Threat scales are considered in terms of the respective objective and subjective nature of the constructs.

Vulgarity of the Mass Man As a Predictor Of Defection

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2016.44.1.139 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 139-159

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Hatori ◽

Satoshi Fujii ◽

Yoshihiro Komatsu

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

University Students ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Social Dilemmas ◽

High Internal Consistency ◽

The Masses

To measure the defective aspect of personality that Ortega (The Revolt of the Masses, 1932) terms vulgarity, in association with those whom he called the masses, we developed the Vulgarity Scale in the context of social dilemmas. A 40-item survey was constructed based on Ortega's descriptions of the characteristics of the masses and we administered this in 2 studies, among 200 university students (Study 1) and with 1,000 adults (Study 2). In both studies, factor analysis of the measurements produced subscales on self-closed and arrogant attitudes, which yielded high internal consistency as well as convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, results in Study 2 illustrated that the Vulgarity Scale predicted defection in response to social dilemmas.

Measurement of Sustainment of Prevention Programs and Initiatives: The Sustainment Measurement System Scale

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30530/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lawrence A. Palinkas ◽

Chih-Ping Chou ◽

Suzanne E. Spear ◽

Sapna J. Mendon ◽

Juan A. Villamar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Measurement System ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Determinant Factors ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Principal Axis Factor Analysis ◽

Abstract Background A large knowledge gap exists regarding the measurement of sustainability of evidence-based prevention programs for mental and behavioral health. This paper describes an instrument that is a component of the Sustainment Measurement System (SMS), designed to assess both determinants and outcomes of efforts to sustain prevention programs and initiatives. Methods A 42-item scale was administered to 186 representatives of 145 programs funded by 7 SAMHSA prevention grant initiatives. Scale items were identified from qualitative data collected from 45 representatives of 10 programs and 8 SAMHSA program officers and organized into 9 categories of sustainment determinants and sustainment outcomes. Factor structure identified from principal axis factor analysis and elimination of items with CFA coefficients less than .300 resulted in a 35-item scale with 8 determinant factors and 1 outcome factor. Results Confirmatory Factor Analysis provided support for a 35-item model fit to the data. The SMSS demonstrated good inter-item reliability and all determinant factors were significantly associated with sustainment outcome individual and global measures. Conclusions The SMSS is easy to use and demonstrates good reliability and convergent and discriminant validity in assessing likelihood of sustainment of SAMHSA funded prevention programs and initiatives upon termination of original funding. The measure demonstrates potential in identifying predictors of program sustainment and as a tool for enhancing the likelihood of successful sustainment through ongoing evaluation and feedback.

Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Cognitive Flexibility Inventory: Factor structure, invariance, reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity among Italian university students

PsyCh Journal ◽

10.1002/pchj.401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 934-941

Author(s):

Igor Portoghese ◽

Mirko Lasio ◽

Rachele Conti ◽

Maria L. Mascia ◽

Paul Hitchcott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Italian Validation of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Reliability, Convergent, and Discriminant Validity

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/0033294118821302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 578-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luca Negri ◽

Marta Bassi ◽

Antonella Delle Fave

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Meaning In Life ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Italian Context ◽

Meaning In Life Questionnaire ◽

Several studies highlighted the role of meaning in life as a major component of well-being and researchers have developed different measures to assess the features of this construct. In the present study, the psychometric properties of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire were investigated in the Italian context. The Meaning in Life Questionnaire is a 10-item scale measuring perceived presence of and search for meaning in life, conceptualized as two separate factors. The former refers to perceived meaning and purpose in life, the latter to the active commitment to find meaning in life. Participants were 464 adults aged 20 to 60 years ( M = 39.34; SD = 10.86; 54.7% women). Factor structure was inspected through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using a split-sample approach. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alphas, interitem and item-scale correlations. Convergent and discriminant validity with measures of well-being, personality, mental health, and physical health were also evaluated. Factor analyses supported the adequacy of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire two-factor structure in the Italian context; internal consistency measures corroborated the measure’s reliability; and correlation matrix coefficients sustained convergent and discriminant validity. Results showed that the Meaning in Life Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure to assess meaning in life and its relationship with well-being within the Italian context.

Student Perceptions of Collaboration Skills in an Interprofessional Context: Development and Initial Validation of the Self-Assessed Collaboration Skills Instrument

Evaluation & the Health Professions ◽

10.1177/0163278717752438 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 450-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leslie Hinyard ◽

Eileen Toomey ◽

Kathrin Eliot ◽

Anthony Breitbach

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Student Perceptions ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

The Self ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Initial Validation ◽

Collaboration Skills

An integral component of interprofessional education (IPE) is the development of a collaboration-ready health-care workforce. While collaboration is a fundamental element of IPE, there is no existing measure of collaboration skills that is not context specific. This article describes the development and initial validation of the Self-Assessed Collaboration Skills (SACS) measure. Items were initially drawn from the Collaboration Skills Assessment Tool rubric, an educational assessment tool. The SACS measure was piloted in a sample of students in an introductory IPE course. Following scale revision, the SACS was piloted a second time in a sample of students in an IPE health systems course and then validated in a sample of students in an introductory IPE course. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess scale factor structure in Pilots 1 and 2 and confirmatory factor analysis to confirm factor structure in the validation sample. Convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed. The final SACS measure is an 11-item scale consisting of three dimensions of collaboration: information sharing, learning, and team support. The SACS measure demonstrates high internal consistency and both convergent and discriminant validity as a measure of collaboration. The SACS can be implemented in any setting for assessing collaboration in clinical and nonclinical contexts.

From Freud to Android: Constructing a scale of uncanny feelings

10.31234/osf.io/duvh8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rachele Benjamin ◽

Steven Heine

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Factor Model ◽

Uncanny Valley ◽

Clear Definition ◽

The Uncanny ◽

Experimental Psychologist ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

The uncanny valley is a topic for engineers, animators, and experimental psychologist, yet uncanniness is without a clear definition. Across 3 studies, we developed a 16-item scale measuring uncanny feelings, finding that uncanniness is discriminable from other emotions. In Study 1, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis of uncanny feelings. In Study 2, we measured the convergent and discriminant validity of our 16-item scale, establishing that participants who watched an uncanny video responded with more uncanny feelings than those who watched a disgusting, fearful, or neutral video. In Study 3, we conducted a high-powered confirmatory factor analysis to assess the reliability of the 2-factor model on a new sample. These studies contribute to the psychological and interdisciplinary understanding of this strange, eerie phenomenon of being confronted with what looms just beyond our understanding.

Measuring Perceived Transfer of Responsibility Learning From Physical Education: Initial Validation of the Transfer of Responsibility Questionnaire

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education ◽

10.1123/jtpe.2018-0246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 316-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paul M. Wright ◽

K. Andrew R. Richards ◽

Jennifer M. Jacobs ◽

Michael A. Hemphill

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Physical Education ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Instrument Development ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Initial Validation ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Purpose: Research indicates that physical education can be an effective setting for promoting positive values, attitudes, and behaviors that transfer to other settings. However, there is a lack of instrumentation to assess the cognitive and motivational aspects of the transfer process. Therefore, this study proposed and validated the Transfer of Responsibility Questionnaire (ToRQ).Methods: After instrument development and pilot testing, an initial version of the ToRQ was completed by 442 adolescents. Data analysis began with exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis.Results: The exploratory factor analysis yielded a stable three-factor structure that measured the participants’ cognitive and motivational processes related to transfer. This factor structure was affirmed using confirmatory factor analysis, which also examined convergent and discriminant validity.Discussion/Conclusion: The model was a good fit for the data, and the ToRQ correlated positively with related scales from an existing life skill transfer survey. These analyses support the initial validation of the ToRQ.

What Does the Implicit Association Test Measure? A Test of the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Prejudice-Related IATs

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1026//1618-3169.49.3.171 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 171-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Bertram Gawronski

Keyword(s):

Implicit Association Test ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Association Test ◽

Recent Criticism ◽

Implicit Association ◽

East Asians ◽

Student Sample ◽

Explicit Prejudice ◽

Turkish People

Abstract. Drawing on recent criticism of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the present study tested the convergent and discriminant validity of two prejudice-related IATs to corresponding explicit prejudice measures in a German student sample (N = 61). Confirming convergent validity, (a) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to Turkish people was significantly related to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (b) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to East Asians was significantly related to explicit prejudice against East Asians. Moreover, confirming discriminant validity, (c) the Asian IAT was unrelated to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (d) the Turkish IAT was unrelated to explicit prejudice against Asian people. These results further corroborate the assumption that the IAT is a valid method to assess the strength of evaluative associations in the domain of prejudice and stereotypes.

Measuring Forgiveness: Psychometric Properties of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale in the Spanish Population

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Karla Gallo-Giunzioni ◽

María Prieto-Ursúa ◽

Cristina Fernández-Belinchón ◽

Octavio Luque-Reca

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Criterion Validity ◽

Validity Evidence ◽

Dispositional Forgiveness ◽

Scale Reduction ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Acceptable Internal Consistency

Given the scarcity of instruments in Spanish to measure forgiveness, two studies were conducted in this population to obtain validity evidence of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), an instrument that measures dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. In the first study, 203 students (65% women) participated. After ensuring the linguistic adequacy and clarity of the wording of the items, a lack of congruence was found between the factors obtained in the exploratory factor analysis and the original theoretical structure of the HFS. A sample of 512 participants (63.9% women) attended the second study. This study aimed to analyze the construct validity of the HFS using confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modelling and to explore convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. Of the different factorial configurations tested (including the original), only a scale reduction to eight items, grouped into three factors, showed an appropriate fit. The HFS eight-item version also showed acceptable internal consistency, adequate convergent and discriminant validity, and criterion validity with respect to related variables. These findings suggest that the eight-item version of the HFS may be a valid and reliable tool for assessing forgiveness for self, others, and situations in Spanish adults.

The Gastrointestinal and Gastroesophageal Reflux (GIGER) Scale for Infants and Toddlers

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211033130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110331

Author(s):

Britt F. Pados ◽

Christine Repsha ◽

Rebecca R. Hill

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Parent Report ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Item Scale ◽

Report Measure

The purpose of this study was to describe the development of the Gastrointestinal and Gastroesophageal Reflux (GIGER) Scale for Infants and Toddlers, and determine its factor structure and psychometric properties. Items were developed to comprehensively assess gastrointestinal (GI) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms observable by a parent. Exploratory factor analysis on 391 responses from parents of children under 2 years old resulted in a 36-item scale with 3 subscales. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable (α = .78-.94). The GIGER total score and all 3 subscales were correlated with the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire-Revised (I-GERQ-R) ( P < .05) and Infant Gastrointestinal Symptoms Questionnaire (IGSQ) ( P < .05). GIGER total score was higher in infants with a diagnosis of GER ( P < .05) or constipation ( P < .05) compared to those without. The GIGER is a parent-report measure of GI and GER symptoms in children under 2 years old with adequate psychometric properties.