COMBINATION OF STRETCHING WITH IMMERSION SYSTEM (COLD AND CONTRAST) ON DOMS PAIN TOLERANCE

Introduction: DOMS is a complaint of muscle pain experienced by athletes by exercising overloadedly. DOMS pain tolerance improvement was carried out with several interventions, in the form of a combination of stretching with cold water immersion, and stretching with contrast water immersion. The purpose of this research is to proving which comparison of physiotherapy interventions is better for DOMS pain tolerance improvement. Method: The research was carried out in the Ngurah Rai athletics field in Denpasar in January 2020, experimental in nature with a pretest and post test two group design. Samples were male athletes divided into two groups, each group consisting of 9 respondens. Group I was given a combination of stretching and cold water immersion, Group II was given a combination of stretching and water immersion in contrast. Cold water temperature is 10 ?C and warm water temperature 36-40 ?C. Pain tolerance value measured by sphygmomanometer placed on the calf. The higher the value mmHg, the higher the tolerance would be. Result: Results in Group I, the mean pain tolerance before intervention was 153 ± 7.76 (mmHg) and the mean after intervention (48 hours) 206 ± 8.32 (mmHg) with p = 0,000 (p <0.05). In Group II, the mean pain tolerance before intervention was 154 ± 8.35 (mmHg) and after intervention (48 hours) 188.4 ± 6.95 (mmHg) with a value of p = 0,000 (p <0.05). This showed a significant increase in pain tolerance in each group. Statistical tests conducted between the two groups also showed significant differences, with a result of p = 0,000 (p <0.05) where the value of pain tolerance in Group I was better than Group II. Conclusions: combination of stretching and cold water immersion is better than the combination of stretching and water immersion in contrast in reducing DOMS. Keywords: Delayed onset muscle soreness; stretching; cold water; contrast water immersion.

THE EFFECTIVITY OF ADDITION CHEST MOBILIZATION OR PURSED LIP BREATHING IN CONVENTIONAL THERAPY IN COPD PATIENTS

Background:COPD is an accumulation of pulmonary pathologies that causes limited air flow, then breathlessness. Chest mobilization and pursed lip breathing (PLB) are physiotherapy management aimed at reducing pulmonary hyperinflation, thereby increasing FEV1 and improve breathlessness. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the effectiveness of the addition of chest mobilization or PLB in conventional therapy to an increase in FEV1 and improve breathlessness in COPD patients at Lung Hospital dr. Ario Wirawan Salatiga. Research methods:This study is a true experiment with a pretest and posttest control group design research design. The research subjects numbered 30 people then divided into 3 groups. All groups were given treatment 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Group I received additional chest mobilization intervention, group II received additional PLB intervention and group 3 received hospital intervention (conventional). FEV1 was measured using spirometry and tightness was measured using a modified Borg scale. Results:Based on the results of the Wilcoxon sign rank test there was an increase in FEV1 and improve breathlessness with p>0.05 in group 1. In group 2 there was also an increase in FEV1 and improve breathlessness with p> 0.05. In group 3 there was an increase in FEV1 but there was no improve breathlessness. Different test results after the intervention on increasing FEV1 between groups based on the Kruskal-Wallis t-test obtained p> ??0.05. Different test for reduction of tightness after intervention between groups 1 and 2 using the Mann Whitney U test p value > 0.05. So there is no difference in the effect of adding chest mobilization interventions or PLB and conventional therapy. Conclusion:The addition of chest mobilization or PLB to conventional therapy is as good as conventional in increasing FEV 1 and improve breathlessness in COPD patients at Lung Hospital Dr. Ario Wirawan Salatiga. Keyword: COPD; Breathlessness; FEV 1; Chest Mobilization; Pursed Lip Breathing

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

EFEKTIVITAS HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) TERHADAP HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV) PADA OVERWEIGHT DAN OBESITAS Desak Made Wahyu Ariningsih Program Studi Fisiologi Olahraga, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Overweight dan Obesitas dikaitkan dengan disfungsi sistem saraf otonom yang menjadi salah satu pertimbangan adanya penyakit jantung, penurunan aktivitas saraf parasimpatis, dan peningkatan aktivitas saraf simpatis yang merupakan pola tidak menguntungkan pada jantung. Pengukuran kinerja sistem saraf otonom dapat dilakukan secara invasif melalui penilaian Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Penurunan nilai HRV pada obesitas berhubungan dengan berat badan dan kadar lemak yang lebih tinggi. Pemberian latihan telah terbukti meningkatkan modulasi vagal, meningkatkan HRV, dan mengurangi aktivitas saraf simpatis serta kadar plasma katekolamin. Pemberian High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) pada overweight dan obesitas direkomendasikan karena memiliki efektivitas terhadap peningkatan kerja saraf otonom melalui penurunan berat badan atau massa lemak tubuh serta stimulasi dan inhibisi enzim yang berpengaruh pada kinerja sistem saraf simpatis dan parasimpatis. Keseimbangan sistem kerja pada saraf simpatis dan parasimpatis akan memberikan efek kardioprotektif untuk mengurangi risiko penyakit jantung. Kata Kunci : High Intensity Interval Training, Sistem Saraf Otonom, Heart Rate Variability ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity are associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction that is one of the considerations for heart disease, decrease parasympathetic activity, and increase sympathetic activity, which is an unfavorable pattern to the heart. Autonomic nervous system measurement can be done in an invasive manner through the assessment of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Decreased HRV values ??in obesity are associated with higher body weight and fat mass. Exercise has been shown to increase vagal modulation, increase HRV, and reduce sympathetic nerve activity and catecholamine plasma levels. Giving High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) to overweight and obesity is recommended because it has effectiveness in increasing the work of autonomic nerves through weight loss or body fat mass loss also through stimulation and inhibition of enzymes that affect the performance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The balance of the work system on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves will provide a cardio protective effect to reduce the risk of heart disease. Key Words : High Intensity Interval Training, Autonomic Nervous System, Heart Rate Variability

COMBINATION OF WOBBLE BOARD AND CORE STABILITY EXERCISE MORE IMPROVES BODY BALANCE

Introduction: Lack of physical activities or sedenetary lifestyle will affect the abilities of body, one of them is body balance, which causes several problems that are related with motor skills and one of them is increased possibililty of injury as the result of the muscle is not accustomed to hold weight more than normal activities. Improving body balance can be done by training muscles which have function to maintain the balance. Research Objectives: This study aims to identify the combination of wobble board exercise and core stability exercise is better compared to calf raise exercise and core stability exercise in improving body balance of students with love physical activities. Methods: This research used experimental methods pre and post test two group design with. The experimental group was given wobble board exercise and core stability exercise, while the control group was given calf raise exercise and core stability exercise. The number of sample in each group is 18 people and each of the group was given 3 times in a week of exercise for 6 weeks. The balance measurement in this study used standing stork test. Result: The research result is the body balance Experimental Group is increase with mean pre test score is 10,80±4,64 seconds becomes 26,51±5,41 seconds during post test, and p = 0,001. In Control Group, there is an increase body balance with mean pre test 8,39±4,51 becomes 20,54±5,18 during post test and p = 0,001. There is a significant difference in the increase of body balance in Experimental Group and Control Group with p = 0,002 (p < 0,05). Conclusion: The combination of wobble board exercise and core stability exercise is better than the combination of calf raise exercise and core stability exercise in improving body balance of students with low physical activities. Keywords: Body Balance; Low Physical Activities; Wobble Board Exercise; Calf Raise Exercise; Core Stability Exercise

EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND CARDIAC ANTI-AGING

There are several risk factors leading to the development and progression of CVD, but one of the most prominent is a sedentary lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle can be characterized by both obesity and consistently low levels of physical activity. Lifestyle interventions that aim to increase physical activity and decrease obesity are attractive therapeutic methods to combat most non-congenital types of CVD. Aging is the another major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the leading cause of death in the United States. Epidemiological studies clearly show that aging itself is the major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Most of the research efforts on prevention of these diseases have ignored the mechanisms underlying cardiac and vascular effects of aging, and have focused, instead, on the development of interventions that target conventional cardiovascular risk factors. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is frequently used in sports training. The effects on cardiorespiratory and muscle systems have led scientists to consider its application in the field of cardiovascular diseases. HIIT is defined as high intensity exercise for a defined period of time interspersed with rest periods (moderate light intensity or complete rest). This literature review was conducted to determine the correlation between high intensity interval training with the cardiovascular system and cardiac anti-aging. Keywords: Cardiac anti-aging, cardiovascular system, cardiovascular disease, high intensity interval training.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION IN MECHANICAL NECK PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Introduction: Neck pain is a health condition that has a high incidence rate and causes an inability to do daily activities and requires cost in handling it. People with neck pain could be associated with an alteration and deficit of the proprioception of the muscle and neck joint that play a significant role in joint position, postural stability, and motor control of the head and neck. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to find out the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in mechanical neck pain. Method: The systematic review access to journal databases such as: PubMed Central (PMC) NCBI, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), ProQuest, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register in the Cochrane Library. Results: The initial search in 6 databases found a total of 30 articles. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 4 articles were used in this systematic review. The application of the muscle energy techniques was applied ranging from 1 time to 8 weeks of intervention. From the 4 reviewed studies concluded that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was effective in improving neck range of motion and function in mechanical neck pain. Conclusion: Based on the results of this systematic review it can be concluded that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is effective in improving pain, pain threshold, range of motion, and functional performance in individual with neck pain. The appropriate articles are still limited to 4 studies, but have good to strong qualities. In addition, the application of intervention does not have the same standard.

DOUBLE LEG SPEED HOP AND HALF SQUAT JUMP IMPROVE LEG MUSCLE POWER

Leg muscle explosiveness is one of the factors that determine the stability of jumping techniques in football. This research aims to prove that the combined training of Double Leg Speed ??Hop and Half Squat Jump is better than the Hurdle Jump in increasing leg muscle explosive power in male students participating in extracurricular football at SMP Negeri 2 Kuta Utara. Type of this research was true experimental with randomized pre and post-test with control group design. The research subjects were 18 male extracurricular football students at SMP Negeri 2 Kuta Utara which were divided into two different treatment groups. Treatment group was given training in a combination of Double Leg Speed ??Hop and Half Squat Jump and control group was given hurdles training, with a frequency of training 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Measurement of leg muscle strength measured using a meter board with a vertical jump test. The results of the study in both groups obtained the average leg muscle explosive power before training in the combination of Double Leg Speed ??Hop and Half Squat Jump 38.49 ± 4.658 cm, while after training the combination of Double Leg Speed ??Hop and Half Squat Jump became 48.17 ± 4.305 cm. The average explosive power of leg muscles before the Skipping Jump training was 36.63 ± 3.953 cm, while after the skipping jump training was 40.79 ± 4.227 cm. The mean difference test in the increased leg muscle power in treatment group and control group using independent t-tests in the post-test data of the two groups showed that p = 0.00 (p <0.05). It was concluded that the exercises in Treatment Group and Control Group both had an increased effect and in Treatment Group increased leg muscle power more than in Control Group. This research suggestions are expected to coaches can provide training properly and use evaluation monitoring improves athlete achievement. Keywords: Leg Muscle Explosive Power; Double Leg Speed ??Hop; Half Squat Jump; Hurdles Jumping; Football Extracurricular Boys SMP N 2 Kuta Utara

PERBANDINGAN KOMBINASI ABDOMINAL STRETCHING DAN CORE STRENGTHENING EXERCISE DENGAN KOMBINASI ABDOMINAL STRETCHING DAN PILATES EXERCISE DALAM MENURUNKAN INTENSITAS DISMENORE PRIMER

Setiap remaja putri akan melewati masa pubertas yang ditandai dengan terjadinya menstruasi. Pada saat fase menstruasi biasanya disertai rasa nyeri, keluhan ini disebut dengan dismenore. Nyeri yang dirasakan dapat menggangu aktivitas sehari-hari. Ada beberapa metode yang dapat diberikan untuk menurunkan nyeri yang dirasakan saat haid. Diantaranya adalah metode abdominal stretching, core strengthening, dan pilates exercise yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan nyeri dan meningkatkan kekuatan otot disekitar perut hingga panggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mana yang lebih efektif antara metode abdominal stretching dan core strengthening excercise dibandingkan metode abdominal stretching dan pilates exercises dalam menurunkan intensitas dismenore primer. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimental dengan pre test and post test contol group design. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di SMA Dwijendra Denpasar,Bali dengan jumlah sampel 28 orang yang memiliki kategori dismenore primer dengan derajat nyeri sedang hingga berat, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok I diberikan abdominal stretching dan core strengthening exercise, kelompok II diberikan abdominal stretching dan pilates exercises. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Visual Analouge Scale (VAS). Sebaran data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisi Wilcoxon dan Man Whitney karena data tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode abdominal stretching dengan core strengthening exercise dapat menurunkan intensitas dismenore primer dengan nilai signifikan p = 0,001 dengan nilai median VAS 6 menjadi 4 metode abdominal stretching dengan pilates excercise dapat menurunkan intensitas dismenore primer dengan nilai signifikan p = 0,001 dengan nilai median VAS 6 menjadi 4. Antara kelompok I dan kelompok II, tidak didapat perbedaan pre test (P=0,178), post tes (P=0,173), dan perubahan (P=0,561) Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak ada perbedaan efektivitas antara metode abdominal stretching dengan core strengthening dan abdominal stretching dengan pilates exercises dalam menurunkan intensitas dismenore primer.

TERAPI LATIHAN FUNGSIONAL DI AIR MENINGKATKAN KEKUATAN KONTRAKSI ISOMETRIK OTOT PAHA PASIEN POST REKONSTRUKSI CEDERA ANTERIOR LIGAMENTUM CRUCIATUM PHASE 2 DI RSPAD GATOT SOEBROTO JAKARTA

Pendahuluan: Penurunan kekuatan kontraksi otot paha merupakan komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada pasien post operasi rekontruksi cedera Anterior Cruciatum Ligament (ACL) yang dapat menimbulkan penurunan fungsi gerak bahkan sampai kepada kecacatan. Pemberian terapi latihan fungsional di air terbukti efektif meningkatkan kekuatan kontraksi otot paha yang sangat menentukan perbaikan range of motion dan fungsi sendi lutut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa latihan fungsional di air lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kekuatan kontraksi isometrik otot paha dibandingkan dengan latihan di darat (klinik fisioterapi rumah sakit). Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimental (the randomized pre-posttest control group design), melibatkan semua pasien post rekontruksi cedera ACL yang berjumlah 38 orang sebagai subjek penelitian. Ditentukan usia responden pada rentang 20-50 tahun, yang dibagi menjadi dua Kelompok perlakuan berbeda dengan random alokasi. Kelompok I diberikan latihan fungsional di darat (dan berperan sebagai Kelompok kontrol), sedangkan Kelompok II diberikan latihan fungsional di air. Frekuensi latihan 2 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu, selama 60 menit pada setiap sesi latihan. Kekuatan kontraksi isometrik otot paha di ukur menggunakan Spygmomanometer. Hasil: Data awal rerata kekuatan kontraksi isometrik otot paha pada Kelompok 1 adalah sebesar 117,37±7,14 dan setelah diberikan latihan fungsional di darat meningkat menjadi sebesar 133,42±12,47. Sedangkan pada Kelompok 2 didapatkan kekuatan kontraksi isometrik otot paha sebelum intervensi sebesar 121,32±6,83 dan setelah diberi latihan fungsional di air meningkat menjadi 140,79±14,55. Uji beda kekuatan kontraksi isometrik otot paha antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada Kelompok 1 dan 2 menunjukan perbedaan yang bermakna, yaitu p = 0,000. Akan tetapi pada uji beda kekuatan kontraksi isometrik otot paha setelah intervensi antar Kelompok I dan II tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan secara uji statistic (nilai p = 0,158. Simpulan: Latihan fungsional di air maupun di darat dapat meningkatkkan kekuatan kontraksi isometrik otot paha yang signifikan. Akan tetapi tidak ditemukan perbedaan kekuatan kontraksi yang signifikan post intervensi antara Kelompok pasien post operasi rekonstruksi cedera ACL yang diberikan latihan fungsional di air maupun di darat. Kata kunci : Cedera Anterior Cruciatum Ligament, latihan fungsional di air, kekuatan kontraksi isometrik otot paha

KOMBINASI STATIC STRETCHING DAN PLYOMETRIC TRAINING LEBIH BAIK DARIPADA KOMBINASI STATIC STRETCHING DAN STRENGTH TRAINING DALAM MENINGKATKAN VERTICAL JUMP PADA PEMAIN VOLI

Pendahuluan: Vertical jump merupakan komponen yang diperlukan dalam melakukan jump smash dan keterampilan melakukan service dalam permainan bola voli. Efisiensi melompat atau daya ledak ekstremitas bawah dapat menunjang pemain untuk mencetak skor. Tujuan penelitian: untuk membuktikan kombinasi static stretching dan plyometric training lebih baik daripada kombinasi static stretching dan strength training dalam meningkatkan vertical jump pada pemain voli. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan design experimental randomized pre-test and post-test two group design. Penelitian dilakukan di UKM Bola Voli STIKES Ngudia Husada Madura. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 18 orang yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok secara acak, masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 9 orang. Kelompok I diberikan kombinasi static stretching dan strength training sedangkan Kelompok II diberikan dengan kombinasi static stretching dan plyometric training. Perlakuan dilakukan 3 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu dengan evaluasi menggunakan sargent jump test (SJT). Hasil penelitian: Uji statistik menggunakan paired-samples t-test pada Kelompok I dengan rerata skor sebelum intervensi 38,78±3,52 cm dan sesudah intervensi yaitu 48,89±6,09 cm dengan nilai p=0,001 dan Kelompok II dengan rerata skor sebelum intervensi 37,11±4,01 cm dan sesudah intervensi 54,11±2,66 cm dengan nilai p<0,001. Dapat disimpulkan terjadi peningkatan vertical jump yang bermakna padi setiap kelompok. Uji beda hipotesis antara Kelompok I dengan Kelompok II menggunakan uji independent-samples t-test diperoleh nilai p=0,021. Simpulan: Kombinasi static stretching dan plyometric training lebih baik dalam meningkatkan vertical jump pada pemain voli dari pada kombinasi static stretching dan strength training. Kata kunci : Static stretching, strength training, plyometric training, vertical jump