Analysis on the Impact of the Ideology Differences on Films — Take The Captain and Sullyas Examples

China and the United States share significant differences in social ideology and cultural backgrounds, resulting in many differences in narrative, humanistic expression, communication and target market positioning of films with the similar theme. This essay takes The Captain and Sully as examples. Through analysis and summary, the writer finds that the differences in social ideology and cultural background have an impact on the narrative tactic, target market, the production, and the circulation strategy of films. For example, at the narrative theme level, The Captain is country-centered, while Sully pays more attention to the inner changes of the characters. In terms of production, The Captain pays more attention to the excitement brought to the audience watching the movie, while Sully pays more attention to the movie story itself. In the choice of target market, the target market of The Captain is positioned in China, while Sully positioned in the world. The distinctive choices of plot and theme of the two films reflect the differences in cultures and ideologies of the two countries. The purpose of this essay is to provide film workers with new creative ideas through analysis, and to lead readers to think.

Discriminatory Attitudes: Characteristics and Factors

The paper considers the findings of the study of discriminatory attitudes, their characteristics and factors. The author employs empirical data showing the multi-vector nature of discriminatory attitudes, their correlations, and situational tension. The paper reveals a four-component structure of discrimination signs that differ from the ones prevailing in Europe. The structure suggests a special group of signs (on the basis of social status). The author establishes a multilevel determination of discriminatory attitudes by personality traits and social ideology. The paper also includes the conclusion on the promising areas of study of discriminatory attitudes.

Counter-narrating: Re-constructing “Sita” in Amish's Sita: Warrior of Mithila

Counter-narration re-casts existing narratives and foregrounds the marginalised by giving them agency and performativity. They are narratives that challenge and provide resistance against dominant and hegemonic grand narratives which have been instrumental in formulating a social ideology over a long period of time making them normative. The Ramayana, an ancient epic is a multi-layered story of Prince Rama and Princess Sita and their role in the politics of power, state and patriarchy. It is a grand or master narrative that presupposes the passivity of the female as normative. It portrays Sita, King Rama’s wife, as someone who experiences marginalization and oppression and is a victim of the dominant narrative of patriarchy. This paper will use the theory of counternarrative and analyse Amish Tripathi’s novel Sita: Warrior of Mithila (2017) in order to show how he has recast Sita deconstructing the myth of passivity. Here, Sita resists prescriptive norms of the dominant narrative, wherein she has been projected as the silent receptor and problematizes the patriarchal ideology propagated through the master narrative. This paper will show how counter storytelling or counter narrating by Amish Tripathi has challenged and defied the narrative silence and hegemony in The Ramayana, while making the female powerful and capable in education, warfare and state governance.

Diffusion and Memory Effect in a Stochastic Processes and the Correspondence to an Information Propagation in a Social System

A generalized Langevin equation is suggested to describe a diffusion particle system with memory. The equation can be transformed into the Fokker-Planck equation by using the Kramers-Moyal expansion. The solution of Fokker-Planck equation can describe not only the diffusion of particles but also that of opinion particles based on the similarities between the two. We find that the memory can restrain some non-equilibrium phenomena of velocity distribution in the system, without memory, induced by correlation between the noise and space[1]. However, the memory can enhance the effective collision among particles as shown by the variation of diffusion coefficients, and changes the diffusion mode between the dissipative and pumping region by comparing with that in the aforementioned system without memory. As the discussions in this physical system is paralleled to a social system, the random diffusion of social ideology, such as the information propagation, can be suppressed by the correlation between the noise and space.

Respectability and its discontents: Sexuality and marginalisation in the Marxist tradition in the United States

Since modern radicalism emerged in the wake of the French revolution, radicals and revolutionaries have held divergent perspectives regarding the relationship between personal and social transformation. On the one hand, radicals recognised that the institutions of bourgeois democracy would never allow the working class to achieve the moral, economic and social standards of respectable life, due to poverty, lack of democratic rights, racism and exploitation. For these revolutionaries, the organisation of the working class would allow working-class families to achieve respectable families and community life. On the other, becoming a social revolutionary involved a transformation of personal life as well as social ideology. This was expressed in a critique of conventional sexuality and family life, and experimentation with nonrespectable practices in their daily lives. This article explores the ways that this conflict played out over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It assesses the notion of 'respectability' – especially its 'democratisation' – among communists in the United States, and engages with questions of how respectability was to be achieved for the working class, where the notion of respectability came from, how it applied to sexuality, and whether it was challenged by a desire for personal liberation amongst those committed to the revolutionary project.

Educational Attainment Has a Causal Effect on Economic, But Not Social Ideology: Evidence from Discordant Twins

In this article, we examine the nature of the relationship between educational attainment and ideology. Some scholars have argued that the effect of education on political variables like ideology is inflated due to unaccounted-for family factors, such as genetic predispositions and parental socialization. Using the discordant twin design and data from a large sample of Danish twins, we find that after accounting for confounders rooted in the family, education has a (quasi)-causal effect on economic ideology, but not social ideology. We also examine whether the relationship between education and economic ideology is moderated by levels of economic hardship in the local context where individuals reside. We find that the (quasi)-causal effect of education on economic ideology increases in economically challenged areas.

Ideology Manipulation of the Chinese-English Subtitled “Main Melody” Films: A Case Study of Wolf Warrior II and The Wandering Earth

Films are the reflection of the mainstream ideology in a specific culture. More importantly, the process of film translation itself is equivalent to the rewriting process by the translator (Lefevere 1992), which embodies and even strengthens the manipulation of social ideology. As the “Main Melody” films that focus on propagandizing the official messages of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Wolf Warrior II (2017) and The Wandering Earth (2019)’s rewritten subtitles intensively embody the ideology manipulation under the regime of the CPC and the Chinese government. By discussing how audiences from different social, cultural, ethnic backgrounds might employ their experience and knowledge about the Chinese society and politics to decode the subtitles in ways that contradict the intended meaning, this paper seeks to investigate the effectiveness of the rewritten subtitles’ ideological manipulation towards the Chinese audience and the English-speaking audience.

Barriers to Transformation in the South African Universities: Are Solutions Elusive?

This article critiques the barriers to transformation in South African universities since the beginning of the democratic dispensation in 1994. The critique is informed by the historical background of apartheid policies, which were instrumental in perpetuating the social-economic exclusion of black people in higher education institutions. Moreover, this paper demystifies the meaning of transformation in the context of higher education in South Africa. To this end, a review of scholarly peer-reviewed and non-scholarly articles was undertaken as a method of collecting relevant data. On the basis of reviewed literature, it is argued that transforming an institutional culture is not a once-off process but requires constant reinforcement of the desired behavioural practices. Similarly, the patriarchal social ideology that is instrumental in creating gender disparities needs to be removed or spurned. Furthermore, universities need to take proactive measures to rescind policies that create polarisation between black and white people. The article concludes that solutions to barriers that impede transformation processes in South African universities are not elusive, yet a well-articulated vision on transformation, as well as decisive and responsive leadership at universities, is essential.

Sex-Composition of Living Children and Women’s Fertility Desire in Vietnam

Objective: To investigate the relationship between sex-composition of children and women’s fertility desire in Vietnam. Materials and methods: Using data from the 2014 Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), we investigate the association between sex composition of children and desire for additional children among women in reproductive age (15 to 49 years) across Vietnam (N=5,605). Results: Multivariate logistic regression models showed statistically significant association between sex composition of children and women’s fertility desire, after controlling for social norms of fertility preference, demographic and socioeconomic factors. For each group of women (those with one child, two children, and three or more children) women with no sons are more likely to have higher fertility desire compared to women with at least one son. However, women with both son (s) and daughter (s) tend to have lower fertility desire compared to those who have all sons. Conclusion: Vietnam’s traditional cultural norm of son preference has a strong influence on fertility desire. Besides, mix-gender preference is also documented. The government should enforce the law more strictly regarding the prohibition of ultrasounds to detect fetal sex to reduce the feasibility of sex selection abortion. In addition, the government should improve the social ideology of the role of women in the family and society through mass media.

The doctrine of the revival of post-Soviet Turkmen statehood by Saparmurat Niyazov

The cultivation of traditionalism in law, based on universal human values and the history of jurisprudence, remains relevant in the post-Soviet space for almost three decades since the destruction of the unified state. At the same time, legal science does not recognize the primacy of the historical school of law, which was revived in the 90s XX century. together with other classical types of legal thinking, after the rejection of the centralism of the materialist theory that prevailed in Soviet jurisprudence. The reason for the attractiveness of traditionalism lies in the inclination towards it of many continental peoples, intensified by the visible consequences of leveling the experience of national legal development in North American and European law, positioning liberal trends, which are largely inappropriate for traditional states, to which Russia belongs, formed as a result of millennial evolution. Among complex nations that have a long experience in the development of statehood and the heterogeneity of the specifics of legal culture, the concepts that fix traditional values in the legal creation as a natural source of human rights, imperatively not connected with the law, which is rational and moral, but by its nature deafened and not necessarily reflects the historical mentality of the society. One example of such concepts aimed at reviving traditional statehood and preserving the integrity of society is the doctrine contained in the twovolume work of the Turkmen statesman Saparmurat Niyazov entitled “Rukhnama”, who tried to translate it into practice. Therefore, the object of the article is public relations associated with the revival of the Turkmen statehood through the formation in the period of a national human rights standard, harmonized with the interests of a traditional society. The subject of the article is a general description, the main content and applied significance of the concept of Saparmurat Niyazov, illustrating the possibility of forming a legal state taking into account traditionalism, as well as the importance of the corresponding doctrine for the development of the legal system of Turkmenistan. The concept of national revival of the republic, formulated by Saparmurat Niyazov, became the basis for the development of a social ideology that influenced the post-Soviet formation of republican legislation, is of scientific interest for other states experiencing the expansion of liberal tendencies in law, not excluding the Russian Federation. In conditions when the international universal security system is showing stagnation, sovereign states are turning to the toolkit of international regional and national means of ensuring security. Therefore, the revenge of traditionalism is predictable, illustrated by the example of Turkmenistan. Moreover, the Russian society, as well as the Turkmen one, shows an inclination towards it, and the construction of a welfare state, declared at the constitutional level, makes it possible to reflect this trend while improving legislation.