Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar’s Thoughts on Economy Reform

In this chapter, I have analyzed economic thoughts of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, mainly economic ideas reflected in his writings such as, ‘The Problem of Rupee: Its origin and its solution’, ‘The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India: A Study in the Provincial Decentralization of imperial finance’, It can be said that Indian economy at present is facing many problems similar to that at the time of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as instability of money leading to inflation, its socioeconomic implications and its unequal effects on various strata of society, uneconomical public expenditure and rising fiscal deficits, increasing inequalities of income and wealth, and so on. Are Ambedkar’s economic thoughts relevant to understand these problems as well as to provide its solutions? Analyzing his economic ideology, it can be said that India could have been more inclusive if his ideas had been followed in its true spirit. So we can say that India needs to follow his economic ideology in her short term as well as long term economic planning and policy making to shape Inclusive India.

Educational Policies During the Lockdown: Measures in Spain after Covid-19

The pandemic has disrupted students’ lives, learning, and well-being worldwide and exacerbated existing disparities in education. Countries have unevenly followed policy recommendations to ensure education by non-governmental agencies, and in some cases, political and economic ideology has directly influenced the decisions taken, Spain being a case in point. The instructions and regulations published in April 2020 in Spain are analysed and compared in order to regulate the end of the school year, its evaluation, and the start of the new year, given the situation of suspension of classes during and the confinement of the Spanish population decreed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The 20 documents published by the Autonomous Communities of Spain are subjected to critical discourse analysis. Their approaches and the aspects they highlight or ignore are examined to identify the different models of education that each region defends in times of crisis. There are significant differences between conservative and progressive regions, the latter being more inclined to implement the recommendations of non-governmental organisations.

Has the Rise of Socialism in U.S. Politics been a Boon to Austrian Economics? Evidence from Social Media and Other Metrics

The rise of socialism has been one of the more dramatic movements in US politics in the modern era, with recent Gallup polling indicating that 39 percent of Americans (and 65 percent of Democrats) hold a favorable view of the political economic ideology. Upward trends in the popularity of political economic ideologies such as socialism are observed when much of what is known by the public about them is gleaned through heuristic approaches rather than through scientific investigation. However, an increase in the persistence and severity of problems resulting from the practice of a political economic ideology such as socialism will likely lead to more science-based introspection, a turn in approach that will almost certainly be a boon to political and economic theories/models offering refutations of the ideology. This study explores such a demand-side argument with regard to the recent rise of socialism in US politics by asserting, and testing, the notion that the Austrian school of economics, which is most closely identified with the claim that socialism is unworkable, has been a beneficiary of recent political trends. Statistical evidence from various trends in informetrics is consistent with our assertion, as Google News hits and Twitter hashtag counts have ascended over the recent period (i.e., 2016 to 2019).

Do Smarter People Have More Conservative Economic Attitudes? Assessing the Relationship Between Cognitive Ability and Economic Ideology

Evidence on the association of cognitive ability with economic attitudes is mixed. We conducted a meta-analysis ( k = 20, N = 46,426) to examine the relationship between objective measures of cognitive ability and economic ideology and analyzed survey data ( N = 3,375) to test theoretical explanations for the association. The meta-analysis provided evidence for a small positive association with a weighted mean effect size of r = .07 (95% CI = [0.02, 0.12]), suggesting that higher cognitive ability is associated with conservative views on economic issues, but effect sizes were extremely heterogeneous. Tests using representative survey data provided support for both a positive association of cognitive ability with economic conservatism that is mediated through income as well as for a negative association that is mediated through a higher need for certainty. Hence, multiple causal mechanisms with countervailing effects might explain the low overall association of cognitive ability with economic political attitudes.

Law and Economics Against Feminism

This article analyzes feminism in legal theory in relation to the rise of “law and economics” during the late twentieth century as a methodology that generated academic credibility for anti-egalitarian ideology and policy. Law and economics fundamentally undermines feminism in law by constructing the economy as a sphere best governed by efficiency insulated from contested morality and politics. This division naturalizes a gendered baseline that generally makes feminist reforms appear costly and unfair. Finally, the article explores how this core division of law and economics constructs an idea of liberty that makes feminist efforts to remedy gender-based harms appear illegitimate and oppressive. Law and economics cuts against legal feminism not because gender justice is a non-economic goal, but because law and economics promotes a misleading economic ideology steeped in gender and tilted toward those most willing and able to disregard and discount others’ well-being.

ROLE OF STATE IN THE PROCESS OF CREATION AND SUPPORT OF INNOVATIVE CLUSTERS

In the article a question is considered in relation to the role of the state in creation and support of innovative clusters . Clusters as integrated formations of enterprises are the global phenomenon. They behave to the variety of network structures and differ in the presence of innovative constituent, that allows to adapt to the changes in a changeable competition environment. The processes of their creation and functioning pass in regional institutional environments and need attention and support of regional power. One of forms of this support there are mechanisms of state-private partnership. It is well-proven that conceptually cluster politics is a major instrument of technological reengineering of productive base of domestic enterprises. She can be effective at the observance of certain principles. Their essence and directions of action are considered. Forming of competition production and realization of the programs of technological reengineering depends on the select model of industrial politics. This politics must take into account the historical features of development and current situation. In today's Ukraine such politics has situation and conjuncture character, directly depends on dominant in the country of public and economic ideology, formed on the basis of permanent informal mutual relations and rules of behavior between the state, business and society, that, accordingly, determines aims, general strategy and specific of tool of development of industry. At development of models of effective industrial politics in Ukraine it follows to take into account the row of existent organizationally-administrative and institutional limitations. Ignoring of priority of industrial development on the modern stage creates an economic danger.

Gauging reflexive historical thinking: An exploratory study of Columbian undergraduates

This study gauges the development of an historical thinking skill we term reflexive historical thinking and its relationship to economic ideology among a group of undergraduate business students in an introductory history course at a Colombian private university. A survey was conducted twice during a semester in which students answered questions regarding historical agency, personal agency, and economic ideology. We measured the relationships and changes in responses regarding these factors. We hypothesized that students with greater awareness of broad social and economic forces as determinants of historical events would also be aware of an array of social and economic forces informing their personal outlooks. Moreover, we expected such awareness – both historical and personal – to increase during the course. Finally, we wondered how economic ideology influences such awareness. We found little support for the expectation that reflexive historical thinking developed over time, but interesting correlations between historical thinking and economic ideology.

Educational Attainment Has a Causal Effect on Economic, But Not Social Ideology: Evidence from Discordant Twins

In this article, we examine the nature of the relationship between educational attainment and ideology. Some scholars have argued that the effect of education on political variables like ideology is inflated due to unaccounted-for family factors, such as genetic predispositions and parental socialization. Using the discordant twin design and data from a large sample of Danish twins, we find that after accounting for confounders rooted in the family, education has a (quasi)-causal effect on economic ideology, but not social ideology. We also examine whether the relationship between education and economic ideology is moderated by levels of economic hardship in the local context where individuals reside. We find that the (quasi)-causal effect of education on economic ideology increases in economically challenged areas.