scholarly journals Climate activism: what we know and what more we need to learn. A psychological and sociological review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Castiglione
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
Collective Activism ◽  
Global Heating

Earth is experiencing severe global heating due to anthropogenic activities, and while measures to reduce CO2 emissions need to be quickly set in place, most governments are not doing so. Grassroot collective action plays a fundamental role in putting pressure on governments to increase emission regulations, yet few people engage in such collective action. It is important to better understand what triggers one’s decision to join collective action and why. In this review, I summarize some of the factors that have been found to correlate with engagement in environmental collective activism, drawing on the empirical psychological and sociological literature. I then propose that additional factors have been pointed out by theoretical sociology, that are relevant candidates for future empirical testing. I conclude by pointing out limitations of the current literature on climate activism, and I make suggestions for methodological improvements.

Leveraging Youth: Overcoming Intergenerational Tensions in Creative Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-406
Author(s):  
Alexandre Frenette
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
York City ◽  
Knowledge Extraction ◽  
Art World ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
Agents Of Change

The sociological literature on creativity would suggest that collaboration between newcomers and more experienced members of an art world results in the fruitful combination of novelty and usefulness, though not without some conflict. Drawing on fieldwork and interviews with workers from the popular recording industry (rock/pop) in New York City, this article extends the literature on creativity as collective action by showing how three types of intergenerational tensions (aesthetic, technological, and career) are embedded in the ways newcomers and experienced workers see themselves and each other as agents of change and stasis. I propose a new variable—leveraging age—a mechanism intergenerational collaborators use to resolve or override these tensions to ultimately maximize creativity in group contexts. Leveraging age, as a form of knowledge extraction, occurs in creative bureaucratic organizations and describes how newcomers and experienced workers dualistically draw on each other’s respective strengths (novelty and tradition). I primarily examine the bottom-up part of this process—how experienced workers draw on the insights of newcomers—by analyzing five leveraging-youth practices, which vary by level of formality and intentionality, but mostly limit the interactional challenges between the two groups.

scholarly journals Bioenergy-induced land-use change emissions with sectorally fragmented policies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Merfort ◽  
Nico Bauer ◽  
Florian Humpenöder ◽  
David Klein ◽  
Jessica Strefler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Energy Unit ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We assess the impact of different land-use emission policies within a broader climate policy framework on bioenergy production and associated land-use carbon emissions. We use the global Integrated Assessment Model REMIND-MAgPIE integrating the energy and land-use sectors and derive alternative climate change mitigation scenarios over the 21st century. If CO2 emissions are regulated consistently across sectors, land-use change emissions of biofuels are limited to 12 kgCO2/GJ. Without land-use emission regulations applied, bioenergy-induced emissions increase substantially and the emission factor per energy unit raises to levels slightly below diesel combustion (64 kg CO2/GJ). Pricing these emissions on the level of bioenergy consumption diminishes bioenergy deployment and the associated CO2 emissions, while failing to reduce the average emission factor. Despite effective reduction of land-use emissions, undifferentiated penalization of bioenergy use substantially increases mitigation costs. If supply side policies comprehensively regulate direct and indirect emissions, bioenergy can be produced much more sustainably.

scholarly journals Streaming the Battlefield: A Theory of the Internet's Effect on Negotiation Onset

MCU Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-196
Author(s):  
Anthony Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Bargaining Model ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Bargaining Model Of War ◽  
Information Communications Technologies

This article explores the effects of social media penetration and internet connectivity on the likelihood that parties within a conventional intra-state conflict will enter negotiations. The proliferation of advanced information communications technologies, coupled with violent political collective action, calls for further examination of how these variables intertwine to affect conflict patterns. Beginning with a discussion on communications technology and the bargaining model of war, the author presents a theoretical model that seeks to create a foundation that can be used for future empirical testing.

BECOMING A PIQUETERO: WORKING-CLASS ROUTINES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVIST DISPOSITIONS*

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Emilio Perez
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Movement Participation ◽  
The Unemployed

Despite substantial progress in social movement research, our understanding of activism is much more elaborate with regards to the role of ideas and beliefs than concerning the influence of routines. In this article, I draw on both broad sociological literature and ethnographic research on the unemployed worker’s movement in Argentina to address this issue. I argue that an essential attraction of participating in this movement is the opportunity to engage in the daily practices associated with a respectable proletarian ethos. Through the reconstruction of past routines and the development of new habits, some participants come to see their involvement in the movement as an end in itself despite significant personal obstacles and even occasional disagreements with their organization’s ideology. These findings suggest that research on the relation between practices and activism can significantly complement the current literature and deepen our knowledge of social movement participation.

scholarly journals Neural Network Based Estimation of Regional Scale Anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Using OCO-2 Dataset Over East and West Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Mustafa ◽  
Lingbing Bu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Na Yao ◽  
Muhammad Shahzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Generalized Regression Neural Network ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2 ◽  
East And West

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most significant greenhouse gas and its concentration is continuously increasing mainly as a consequence of anthropogenic activities. Accurate quantification of CO2 is critical for addressing the global challenge of climate change and designing mitigation strategies aimed at stabilizing the CO2 emissions. Satellites provide the most effective way to monitor the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. In this study, we utilized the concentration of column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 i.e., XCO2 retrieved from a CO2 monitoring satellite, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) to estimate the anthropogenic CO2 emissions using Generalized Regression Neural Network over East and West Asia. OCO-2 XCO2 and the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide (ODIAC) CO2 emission datasets for a period of 5 years (2015–2019) were used in this study. The annual XCO2 anomalies were calculated from the OCO-2 retrievals for each year to remove the larger background CO2 concentrations and seasonal variabilities. Then the XCO2 anomaly and ODIAC emission datasets from 2015 to 2018 were used to train the GRNN model, and finally, the anthropogenic CO2 emissions were estimated for 2019 based on the XCO2 anomalies derived for the same year. The XCO2-based estimated and the ODIAC actual CO2 emissions were compared and the results showed a good agreement in terms of spatial distribution. The CO2 emissions were estimated separately over East and West Asia. In addition, correlations between the ODIAC emissions and XCO2 anomalies were also determined separately for East and West Asia, and East Asia exhibited relatively better results. The results showed that satellite-based XCO2 retrievals can be used to estimate the regional scale anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the accuracy of the results can be enhanced by further improvement of the GRNN model with the addition of more CO2 emission and concentration datasets.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gases emissions from riparian wetlands: an example from the Inner Mongolia grassland region in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 4855-4872
Author(s):  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Xixi Lu ◽  
Ruihong Yu ◽  
Heyang Sun ◽  
Hao Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Riparian Wetlands ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Riparian Wetland ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Gradual riparian wetland drying is increasingly sensitive to global warming and contributes to climate change. Riparian wetlands play a significant role in regulating carbon and nitrogen cycles. In this study, we analyzed the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from riparian wetlands in the Xilin River basin to understand the role of these ecosystems in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, the impact of the catchment hydrology and soil property variations on GHG emissions over time and space was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that riparian wetlands emit larger amounts of CO2 (335–2790 mgm-2h-1 in the wet season and 72–387 mgm-2h-1 in the dry season) than CH4 and N2O to the atmosphere due to high plant and soil respiration. The results also reveal clear seasonal variations and spatial patterns along the transects in the longitudinal direction. N2O emissions showed a spatiotemporal pattern similar to that of CO2 emissions. Near-stream sites were the only sources of CH4 emissions, while the other sites served as sinks for these emissions. Soil moisture content and soil temperature were the essential factors controlling GHG emissions, and abundant aboveground biomass promoted the CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions. Moreover, compared to different types of grasslands, riparian wetlands were the potential hotspots of GHG emissions in the Inner Mongolian region. Degradation of downstream wetlands has reduced the soil carbon pool by approximately 60 %, decreased CO2 emissions by approximately 35 %, and converted the wetland from a CH4 and N2O source to a sink. Our study showed that anthropogenic activities have extensively changed the hydrological characteristics of the riparian wetlands and might accelerate carbon loss, which could further affect GHG emissions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Urban CO2 Measurement and Source Attribution in Munich Based on TDLAS-WMS and Trajectory Analysis

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Lan ◽  
Homa Ghasemifard ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Stephan Hachinger ◽  
Xinxu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Cavity Surface ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions mainly come from cities and their surrounding areas. Thus, continuous measuring of CO2 in urban areas is of great significance to studying human CO2 emissions. We developed a compact, precise, and self-calibrated in-situ CO2/H2O sensor based on TDLAS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy), WMS (wavelength modulation spectroscopy), and VCSEL (vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser). Multi-harmonic detection is utilized to improve the precision of both measurements to 0.02 ppm for CO2 and 1.0 ppm for H2O. Using the developed sensor, we measured CO2 concentrations continuously in the city center of Munich, Germany, from February 2018 to January 2019. Urban CO2 concentrations are strongly affected by several factors, including vegetation photosynthesis and respiration (VPR), planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, and anthropogenic activities. In order to further understand the anthropogenic contribution in terms of CO2 sources, the HySPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model was applied to calculate six-hour backward trajectories. We analyzed the winter CO2 with the trajectory clustering, PSCF (potential source contribution function), and CWT (concentration weighted trajectory) methods, and found that local emissions have a great impact on urban CO2 concentration, with main emission sources in the north and southeast directions of the measurement site. In situations with an uneven trajectory distribution, PSCF proves somewhat superior in predicting the potential emission sources compared to CWT.

scholarly journals Impact of Agriculture and Energy on CO2 Emissions in Zambia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8339
Author(s):  
Joseph Phiri ◽  
Karel Malec ◽  
Alpo Kapuka ◽  
Mansoor Maitah ◽  
Seth Nana Kwame Appiah-Kubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
The Impact

The world has experienced increased impacts of anthropogenic global warming due to increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which include carbon dioxide (CO2). Anthropogenic activities that contribute to CO2 emissions include deforestation, usage of fertilizers, and activities related to mining and energy production. The main objective of this paper was to assess the impacts of agriculture and energy production on CO2 emissions in Zambia. This research used econometric analysis, specifically the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Test, to analyze the relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP, electricity consumption, agricultural production, and industry value added. The results showed the presence of cointegration, where the variables of CO2 emissions, GDP, electricity, and agriculture converge to a long-run equilibrium at the rate of 74%. Further, there was a short-run causality towards CO2 emissions running from agriculture and the consumption of energy as indicated by the Wald test. This is the first study of its kind that empirically shows the impact of agricultural activities and energy consumption on the Zambian environment through their contribution to CO2 emissions at a macro (country) level. This paper also presents recommendations that are pertinent to mitigate these effects. To deescalate environmental degradation, we propose increasing the number of access points for multiple renewable energy sources across the country; discouraging deforestation, the usage of conventional fertilizers, and the burning of vegetation for fertilizers; encouraging afforestation and reforestation, in addition to providing subsidies, training, and financial support to farmers and entrepreneurs who decide to use environmentally friendly agricultural methods and renewable energy. This research highlights the serious impacts of anthropogenic activities on CO2 emissions. The study was intended to assist Zambian policymakers in formulating and implementing environmentally friendly policy measures or systems that will contribute towards environmental protection commitments and sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals The Inadequate Life: Rural Industrial Pollution and Lay Epidemiology in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 302-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lora-Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Consciousness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Activism ◽  
Illness Causation

AbstractBased on fieldwork in a heavily industrialized Yunnan village, this article examines how villagers understand and respond to pollution-related health risks. Building on Robert Weller's (2006) concept of environmental consciousness, it shows that Baocun villagers have developed an acute environmental health consciousness. However, despite earlier instances of collective activism, they no longer act as a community to oppose the harm to their bodies caused by pollution. The article investigates the role of uncertainty surrounding illness causation in deterring action. It argues that uncertainty about pollution's effects on health is reinforced by the social, political and economic contexts and developments in the past few decades. As a result, villagers engage in a form of “lay epidemiology” to make sense of the effects of pollution on their health, but not in a “popular epidemiology” consisting of collective action against presumed health damages. The article concludes with some thoughts on how locals act within and despite uncertainty.

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