scholarly journals Changes over time in young adults' harmful alcohol consumption: A cross-temporal meta-analysis using the AUDIT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Visontay ◽  
Louise Mewton ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
Katrina Prior ◽  
Tim Slade
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Participation ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Background: Recent studies suggest that young adult participation in, and volume of, alcohol consumption has decreased. However, the evidence on trends in harmful alcohol consumption in this age group is limited. The current paper aims to examine changes over time in harmful alcohol consumption using a robust, widely employed measure.Methods: The literature was systematically searched for articles reporting on Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores in young adults aged 18-24 years. The key data extracted were year of measurement and mean AUDIT score (proportion above clinical cut-off was not relevant for these analyses). Cross-temporal meta-analysis was applied to the extracted data.Results: A decrease was found in young adults’ AUDIT scores measured between 1989 and 2015 (b=-0.13, β=-0.38, p=0.015, 95% CI=-0.24, -0.03), representing a 0.63 standard deviation change over this period. Variance did not change over this time, suggesting scores decreased equally over the distribution.Conclusions: Results indicate that harmful alcohol consumption in young adults may have declined between 1989 and 2015. Despite the continued problems posed by dependence and short and long-term harms, these promising findings offer hope that the considerable alcohol-related disease burden in this age group may be reduced.Ongoing data collection is required to evaluate whether these declines in young adulthood persist into later life, and future research should explore the reasons for declining harmful alcohol consumption in young adults.

scholarly journals Changes over time in young adults’ harmful alcohol consumption: A cross-temporal meta-analysis using the AUDIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 108172
Author(s):  
Rachel Visontay ◽  
Louise Mewton ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
Katrina Prior ◽  
Tim Slade
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN TRUST

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S477-S477
Author(s):  
Phoebe E Bailey ◽  
Tarren Leon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude and breadth of age-related differences in trust. Thirty-eight independent data sets met criteria for inclusion. Overall, there was a moderate effect of age group on trust (g = 0.22), whereby older adults were more trusting than young adults. Three additional meta-analyses assessed age-related differences in trust in response to varying degrees of trustworthiness. This revealed that older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to neutral (g = 0.31) and negative (g = 0.33), but not positive (g = 0.15), indicators of trustworthiness. The effect of age group on trust in response to positive and neutral cues was moderated by type of trust (financial vs. non-financial) and type of responding (self-report vs. behavioral). Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to positive and neutral indicators of trustworthiness when trust was expressed non-financially, but not financially. There was also an age-related increase in self-reported, but not behavioral, trust in response to neutral cues. Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to negative indicators of trustworthiness regardless of the type of trust or type of responding. The reliability of information about trustworthiness (superficial vs. genuine cues) did not moderate any effects of age on trust. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of age-related differences in trust

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe E Bailey ◽  
Tarren Leon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Effect Of Age

This systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude and breadth of age-related differences in trust. Thirty-eight independent data sets met criteria for inclusion. Overall, there was a moderate effect of age group on trust (g = 0.22), whereby older adults were more trusting than young adults. Three additional meta-analyses assessed age-related differences in trust in response to varying degrees of trustworthiness. This revealed that older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to neutral (g = 0.31) and negative (g = 0.33), but not positive (g = 0.15), indicators of trustworthiness. The effect of age group on trust in response to positive and neutral cues was moderated by type of trust (financial vs. non-financial) and type of responding (self-report vs. behavioral). Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to positive and neutral indicators of trustworthiness when trust was expressed non-financially, but not financially. There was also an age-related increase in self-reported, but not behavioral, trust in response to neutral cues. Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to negative indicators of trustworthiness regardless of the type of trust or type of responding. The reliability of information about trustworthiness did not moderate any of the effects of age group on trust. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Team-Level Constructs

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-348
Author(s):  
David Chan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Substantive Content ◽  
Multilevel Research ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Studies of team-level constructs can produce new insights when researchers explicitly take into account several critical conceptual and methodological issues. This article explicates the conceptual bases for multilevel research on team constructs and discusses specific issues relating to conceptual frameworks, measurement, and data analysis. To advance programmatic research involving team-level constructs, several future research directions concerning issues of substantive content (i.e., changes in the nature of work and teams, member-team fit, linking team-level constructs to higher-level constructs) and strategic approaches (i.e., the construct's theoretical roles, dimensionality and specificity, malleability and changes over time, relationships with Big Data) are proposed.

Changes Over Time in the Prevalence of Caries Experience or Periodontal Pathology on Third Molars in Young Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elda L. Fisher ◽  
Rachel Garaas ◽  
George H. Blakey ◽  
Steven Offenbacher ◽  
Daniel A. Shugars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Breaking down barriers: improving outcomes for teenagers and young adults with germ cell tumours

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Murray ◽  
Lorna A. Fern ◽  
Daniel P. Stark ◽  
Tim O. Eden ◽  
James C. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rate Of Improvement

Teenagers and young adults (TYA) with cancer have complex and evolving needs which are unique to this patient group. The TYA age-group have outcomes that are not improving over time, lagging behind both adult and children’s cancers in their rate of improvement in recent years...

Belief in the Code of the Street and Individual Involvement in Offending: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 154120402092773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Moule ◽  
Bryanna Fox
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Code Of The Street ◽  
Weighted Correlation

Anderson’s Code of the Street thesis suggests that stronger belief in, and adherence to, subcultural “street code” norms increases the risk of criminal and aggressive behaviors, particularly among adolescents and young adults in urban communities. This study uses a meta-analysis to assess the overall relationship between individual belief in the street code and risk of offending. Effect sizes ( n = 38) from 20 unique studies produced a weighted correlation ( r) of .11, indicating a belief in the street code had a positive association with offending across all studies. The effect is strongest for violent offending (.13) and among samples comprised of adolescents (.14), as predicted by Anderson’s theory. Even after accounting for competing theoretical and established correlates of offending, modest effects of street code beliefs on offending remained. These findings indicate that overall, the street code is a more general theory than Anderson originally predicted. Directions for future research on the code are discussed.

Changes Over Time in the Periodontal Status of Young Adults With No Third Molar Periodontal Pathology at Enrollment

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2425-2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Blakey ◽  
Brent A. Golden ◽  
Raymond P. White ◽  
Steven Offenbacher ◽  
Ceib Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

E-Government and Related Indices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1810-1824
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Boyer-Wright ◽  
Jeffrey E. Kottemann
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Efficacy Index ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

The primary United Nations E-Government Index is a composite of three component indices: telecommunications infrastructure, human capital, and online e-government services, where the first two can be seen as enablers of the third. This study investigates the addition of a complementary component index for institutional efficacy, which is hypothesized to be another enabling factor. The institutional efficacy index is operationalized using existing measures gathered and made available by the World Bank. Statistical analysis shows that the institutional efficacy index is indeed a significant, additional predictor of online e-government services across nations. Following the presentation of basic results, qualitative analyses are undertaken to develop an assortment of generic national profiles. Preliminary analyses of changes over time are also presented using data from prior years, and directions for future research are outlined.

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