scholarly journals Which boys and which girls are falling behind? Linking adolescents' gender role profiles to motivation, engagement, and achievement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlin Yu ◽  
Ros McLellan ◽  
Liz Winter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Feminine Norms ◽  
Role Profiles ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Gender Variations ◽  
English Students

Research on gender gaps in school tends to focus on average gender differences in academic outcomes, such as motivation, engagement, and achievement. The current study moved beyond a binary perspective to unpack the variations within gender. It identified distinct groups of adolescents based on their patterns of conformity to different gender norms and compared group differences in motivation, engagement, and achievement. Data were collected from 597 English students (aged 14-16 years, 49% girls) on their conformity to traditional masculine and feminine norms, growth mindset, perseverance, self-handicapping, and their English and mathematics performance at the end of secondary school. Latent profile analysis identified seven groups of adolescents (resister boys, cool guys, tough guys, relational girls, modern girls, tomboys, wild girls) and revealed the prevalence of each profile. Within-gender variations show that two thirds of the boys were motivated, engaged, and performed well in school. In contrast, half of the girls showed maladaptive patterns of motivation, engagement, and achievement, and could be considered academically at risk. By shifting the focus from “boys versus girls” to “which boys and which girls”, this study reveals the invisibility of well-performing boys and underachieving girls in educational gender gap research.

scholarly journals Assessment Practices of Child Clinicians

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Cook ◽  
Estee M. Hausman ◽  
Amanda Jensen-Doss ◽  
Kristin M. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Assessment Strategies ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
And Training

Assessment is an integral component of treatment. However, prior surveys indicate clinicians may not use standardized assessment strategies. We surveyed 1,510 clinicians and used multivariate analysis of variance to explore group differences in specific measure use. Clinicians used unstandardized measures more frequently than standardized measures, although psychologists used standardized measures more frequently than nonpsychologists. We also used latent profile analysis to classify clinicians based on their overall approach to assessment and examined associations between clinician-level variables and assessment class or profile membership. A four-profile model best fit the data. The largest profile consisted of clinicians who primarily used unstandardized assessments (76.7%), followed by broad-spectrum assessors who regularly use both standardized and unstandardized assessment (11.9%), and two smaller profiles of minimal (6.0%) and selective assessors (5.5%). Compared with broad-spectrum assessors, unstandardized and minimal assessors were less likely to report having adequate standardized measures training. Implications for clinical practice and training are discussed.

Motivations for Volunteering and Its Associations with Time Perspectives and Life Satisfaction: A Latent Profile Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hwa Kee ◽  
Chunxiao Li ◽  
John C. K. Wang ◽  
Muhammad Idzhar Bin Kailani
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Balanced Time Perspective ◽  
Group Profile ◽  
Latent Profile

This study aims to examine motivation for volunteering and its association with time perspective and life satisfaction among volunteers ( N = 221). Latent profile analysis was used to profile individuals based on their time perspectives and then to compare group differences in life satisfaction and volunteering motivation. Three profiles were identified. Profile 1 ( n = 32; 14.5%) was a “balanced time perspective group,” Profile 2 ( n = 102; 46.2%) was a “maladaptive group,” and Profile 3 ( n = 87; 39.3%) was a “nonchalant group.” Profile 1 showed the highest life satisfaction compared to the two remaining groups. Significant group differences in volunteering motivation between this group and the other two were also reported. These findings suggest that time perspective may be appropriate for understanding motivation for voluntarism and life satisfaction.

Cooperative, Compromising, Conflictual, and Uninvolved Coparenting Among Teenaged Parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1534-1560
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn K. Mallette ◽  
Ted G. Futris ◽  
Geoffrey L. Brown ◽  
Assaf Oshri
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Parental Functioning ◽  
Young Fathers

Adolescent parents often maintain a coparenting relationship that is characterized by frequent conflict and unhealthy communication. However, in relationships with less conflict and more cooperation, adolescent mothers display well-being and greater self-acceptance, while young fathers are more likely to be involved with their children. Based on human, financial, and social capital theory that reinforces the influence of parents’ investments on family processes and well-being, we examined how capital was related to coparenting behaviors, and how coparenting related to parental functioning. We examined data from 125 adolescent mothers who attended a program for pregnant/parenting teens. Using a latent profile analysis, we (1) identified patterns of coparenting; (2) examined social, financial and human capital resources; and (3) evaluated between-group differences in parental functioning. Results indicated four unique patterns of coparenting based on adolescent mothers’ reports, which were associated with indicators of social, financial, and human capital and between-group differences in parental functioning.

scholarly journals Relation between Perceived Barrier Profiles, Physical Literacy, Motivation and Physical Activity Behaviors among Parents with a Young Child

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4459
Author(s):  
Amy S. Ha ◽  
Wai Chan ◽  
Johan Y. Y. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Physical Literacy ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Latent Profile

Objectives: to reveal distinct subgroups of parents by their perception of 6 types of physical activity barriers and challenges (i.e., lack of time, poor health, lack of company, lack of facilities, childcare responsibility, lack of motivation), and examine its relation with related constructs. Design: cross-sectional survey data. Method: the sample consisted of 424 parents who had at least 1 child of primary school age. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify latent subgroups within participants. Group differences on physical literacy, autonomous motivation, and self-report physical activity (PA) levels were explored. Results: a four-profile solution was obtained from latent profile analysis, labelled as: “Struggling” (29.0%), “Family burden” (41.3%), “Lazy” (13.0%), and “Barriers free” (16.7%). The “Barriers free” profile experienced the least difficulties with physical activity, but the “Struggling” profile suffered the most severe barriers and challenges. “Family burden” and “Lazy” profiles demonstrated qualitative differences on one or two given challenges. Significant group differences on physical literacy, autonomous motivation, and PA levels were found, showing the “Barriers free” profile as the most robust and adaptive group of parents. Conclusions: the findings suggest that it is common for a substantial portion of parents to experience multiple barriers and challenges to a relatively high degree. Intervention on raising parent’s physical literacy to reduce barriers and sustain their motivation may be a target for intervention.

Identifying Suicide Typologies Among Trauma-Exposed Veterans

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Suicide among veterans has increased in recent years, making the identification of those at greatest risk for self-injurious behavior a high research priority. Aims: We investigated whether affective impulsivity and risky behaviors distinguished typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Method: A total of 95 trauma-exposed veterans (ages 21–55; 87% men) completed self-report measures of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, impulsivity, and clinical symptoms. Results: A latent profile analysis produced three classes that differed in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): A low class that reported little to no self-injurious thoughts or behaviors; a self-injurious thoughts (ST) class that endorsed high levels of ideation but no self-harm behaviors; and a self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (STaB) class that reported ideation, suicide attempts and NSSI. Membership in the STaB class was associated with greater affective impulsivity, disinhibition, and distress/arousal than the other two classes. Limitations: Limitations include an overrepresentation of males in our sample, the cross-sectional nature of the data, and reliance on self-report measures. Conclusion: Findings point to affective impulsivity and risky behaviors as important characteristics of veterans who engage in self-injurious behaviors.

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