scholarly journals Heterogeneity in Affective Complexity Among Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine T. Foster ◽  
Adriene M. Beltz
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Affective Science ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Daily Affect

Background: Affective phenomena have noteworthy complexity and heterogeneity – shared experiences and emotions evoke distinct responses and affective problem risk across individuals (e.g., higher rates in women than men). Yet, by averaging across individuals, affective science research traditionally treats affect as homogenous. Directly modeling person-specific heterogeneity in affective complexity (AC) – like the granularity and covariation of affective experiences – is paramount for identifying shared (i.e., common; nomothetic) and/or unshared (i.e., personal; idiographic) features of AC. The present study applied a person-specific technique to capture heterogeneity in daily affect and affective problem risk in men and women and leveraged personalized results to improve general understanding of AC. Methods: Young adults (n=56; 25 female) reported affect on each of 75-days of an intensive longitudinal study. AC was modeled using p-technique (i.e., person-specific factor analysis) and its utility over traditional, between-person models of affect (i.e., bivariate positive and negative affect) was compared for prediction of affective problem risk in women compared to men. A community detection network algorithm was then applied to estimate person-specific AC to develop an idiographically-informed nomothetic model of AC. Results: Person-specific analyses detected wide variation in AC across individuals (i.e., range of 2-8 factors). Relative to the traditional bivariate model, idiographic models had incremental utility for differentiating affective problem risk by gender. Nomothetic review of idiographic results (via community detection) revealed distinct dynamics in positive and negative affect networks. Conclusions: Person-specificvariability in AC may contribute to heterogeneity in daily affect and affective problems. Advances in person-specific science hold particular promise for accounting for variable outcomes across individuals and increasing nomothetic model accuracy.

The Retrospective Independence of Positive and Negative Affect

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-488
Author(s):  
Yoav Ganzach ◽  
Einat Yaor ◽  
Talya Miron Shatz ◽  
Ben Bulmash ◽  
Doron Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
The Relationship

We examine independence in retrospective evaluations of positive and negative affect (PA and NA, respectively). Study 1 shows that the estimation of weekly PA and NA frequencies depends on the congruent daily affects but not on the incongruent daily affects (i.e., weekly PA [NA] depends on the daily PAs [NAs], but not on the daily NAs [PAs]). Study 2 replicates and extends the results of Study 1 by using a within- and between-subjects design as well as both frequency and intensity measures of affect, and by also examining the relationship between momentary and daily affect. Study 3 shows that daily PA and NA are affected by the existence of subjectively defined congruent peak affect and less by subjectively defined incongruent peak affect. We suggest a focusing bias account, according to which asking about positive [negative] affect focuses attention on positive [negative] experiences.

I Feel You, We Can Do This

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Schade ◽  
Johanna Drewelies ◽  
Gizem Hülür ◽  
Christiane A. Hoppmann ◽  
Nilam Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Length Of Relationship

Abstract. We investigated whether similarity between partners in positive and negative affect is associated with the perception that one manages everyday life well together as a couple (dyadic mastery). To this end, we used data from 99 older couples (mean age = 75 years; mean length of relationship = 45 years) obtained 5 times a day over 7 consecutive days as participants went about their everyday lives. Analyses using actor-partner interdependence models revealed that higher (average and momentary) similarity in negative affect between partners, but not positive affect between partners, was associated with higher levels of dyadic mastery among both men and women. Our results point to the significance of emotional similarity between partners for smooth relationship functioning.

The Influence of the Weather on Affective Experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisi Kööts ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Multilevel Random Coefficient Modeling ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between affective experiences and weather variables using an experience-sampling method. The moderating effects of personality and age on the relationship were also investigated. Two age groups of participants (students and elderly people) recorded their moods when signalled during 14 consecutive days on 7 randomly determined occasions per day. Hourly weather data (temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and luminance) for the same period were obtained from the local weather station. Previously participants had completed the Estonian versions of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory ( Kallasmaa, Allik, Realo, & McCrae, 2000 ) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ( Allik & Realo, 1997 ). Multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses showed that momentary ratings of positive and negative affect were weakly related to temperature, positive affect was also related to sunlight. However, momentary ratings of fatigue showed a distinct tendency for greater incidence of sleepiness in the cold and dark. Age group was one of the most important moderators of the weather-emotion models. The influence of weather on emotions interacted with being outdoors. Personality traits also explained a small portion of variance in the influence of weather on affective states.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Negative Affect and Reported Cognitive Failures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabitha W. Payne ◽  
Michael A. Schnapp
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Cognitive Failures ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Cognitive Failures Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to expand our understanding of the range of negative affect associated with reported problems with everyday functions and activities, measured by the cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ). Evidence from previous research indicates that individuals meeting criteria for mood disorders, such as major depression or seasonal affective disorder, experience cognitive deficits in memory and attention that can lead to problems with everyday activities reported in the CFQ. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used to assess potential correlations with a wider range of negative emotions. Findings for a sample of 129 college students revealed that negative affective experiences were significantly correlated with failures of memory and attention on the CFQ (fear= .41,hostility= .38,sadness= .28, andguilt= .43). Conversely, positive affect was negatively correlated with distractibility (r=−.21). Additional affective scales on the PANAS (e.g.,shyness and fatigue) were also associated with higher reports of cognitive failures. The results provide converging evidence of a relationship between negative affective experiences and reported frequency of problems on the cognitive failures questionnaire.

The Retrospective Evaluation of Positive and Negative Affect

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Ganzach ◽  
Einat Yaor
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Memory Experience ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Net Affect

A vast amount of literature examined the relationship between retrospective affective evaluations and evaluations of affective experiences. This literature has focused on simple momentary experiences, and was based on a unidimensional concept of affect. The current article examines the relationships between evaluations of complex experiences, experiences involving both positive and negative feelings, and the retrospective evaluation of these experiences. Based on the idea that negative information is better remembered than positive information, we predict that in comparison with negative retrospective evaluations, positive evaluations have a stronger correlation with end affect and a weaker correlation with peak affect. These predictions are tested in two studies. We explore boundary conditions for these effects and demonstrate the implications of the asymmetry between positive and negative affect to various topics that are at the center of affect research: the dimensionality of affective experiences, the memory-experience gap, and the analysis of net affect.

scholarly journals Emotional Tone of Dreams and Daily Affect

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 427-427
Author(s):  
Cassandra Richardson ◽  
Taylor Vigoureux ◽  
Soomi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
Theoretical Function ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Temporal Direction

Abstract One theoretical function of dreams is emotion processing. However, few studies have examined how daily emotions in waking life (i.e., daytime affect) affect the emotional tone of dreams (i.e., dream affect) that night, and vice versa. This study examined daily bidirectional associations between dream affect and daytime positive and negative affect. Participants were 61 nurses who completed 2-weeks of ecological momentary assessments. If participants remembered the previous night’s dreams (nparticipants=50; ndays=268), they reported the dream’s emotional tone upon waking (‘0’=very negative to ‘100’=very positive). Participants also responded to a short-version of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale three times/day. Multilevel modeling was used to evaluate two temporal directions (dream affect→ daytime affect or daytime affect→ dream affect) at the within- and between-person levels. After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, at the within-person level, daily positive affect was higher and daily negative affect was lower than usual on days following more positive dream affect (B=0.19, p<.05; B=-0.26, p<.05, respectively). When we added the other temporal direction, today’s positive or negative affect was not associated with dream affect that night. At the between-person level, nurses who reported more positive dream affect also reported more positive daytime affect (B=0.52, p<.01), but not less negative daytime affect (B=-0.34, p>.10). Findings suggest that dream affect is predictive of daily affect, but not the other way around. Future studies could further examine if emotions closer to sleep are more strongly associated with dream affect to motivate more precisely-timed affect interventions.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Associations Between Affect and Depressive Symptoms in Persons With Early Dementia and Their Spouses

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 298-298
Author(s):  
Amanda Piechota ◽  
Sumaiyah Syed ◽  
Joan Monin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Trial Testing ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Independent Effects

Abstract Positive and negative affect have independent effects on health and occur frequently in close relationships. No research to our knowledge has examined self-reported affective experiences of persons with dementia (PWD) and their spouses and interpersonal associations with their psychological health. Secondary analysis of baseline interviews from a randomized clinical trial testing a stress reduction intervention in 45 couples (n=90) examined whether individuals’ positive and negative affect were associated with their own depressive symptoms (actor effects) as well as their partner’s depressive symptoms (partner effects) and whether these associations differed for PWD and spouses. Actor partner interdependence model results showed that for PWDs and spouses, one’s own positive affect was related to one’s own lower depressive symptoms (B=-3.10, SE=.59, df=58.70, p<.001), and one’s own negative affect was associated with one’s own greater depressive symptoms (B=6.62, SE=.60, df=65.67, p<.001). These effects were independent from each other. Partner effects were not significant.

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