scholarly journals Interpersonal Associations Between Affect and Depressive Symptoms in Persons With Early Dementia and Their Spouses

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 298-298
Author(s):  
Amanda Piechota ◽  
Sumaiyah Syed ◽  
Joan Monin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Trial Testing ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Independent Effects

Abstract Positive and negative affect have independent effects on health and occur frequently in close relationships. No research to our knowledge has examined self-reported affective experiences of persons with dementia (PWD) and their spouses and interpersonal associations with their psychological health. Secondary analysis of baseline interviews from a randomized clinical trial testing a stress reduction intervention in 45 couples (n=90) examined whether individuals’ positive and negative affect were associated with their own depressive symptoms (actor effects) as well as their partner’s depressive symptoms (partner effects) and whether these associations differed for PWD and spouses. Actor partner interdependence model results showed that for PWDs and spouses, one’s own positive affect was related to one’s own lower depressive symptoms (B=-3.10, SE=.59, df=58.70, p<.001), and one’s own negative affect was associated with one’s own greater depressive symptoms (B=6.62, SE=.60, df=65.67, p<.001). These effects were independent from each other. Partner effects were not significant.

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic Restrictions in Italy. The Mediating Role of the Fear of COVID-19 in the Relationship between Positive and Negative Affect with Positive and Negative Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-710
Author(s):  
Andrea Zammitti ◽  
Chiara Imbrogliera ◽  
Angela Russo ◽  
Rita Zarbo ◽  
Paola Magnano
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

Italy was quickly hit hard by the coronavirus. ‘Lockdown’ has significantly impacted the psychological health, personal wellbeing and quality of life of the people. The study aims to explore the relationship between positive and negative affect, as well as positive (spiritual well-being and flourishing) and negative outcomes (psychological distress caused by a traumatic life event in terms of perception of PTSD symptoms) on Italian adults during the lockdown period. Data was collected between April and May 2020. The participants were 281 Italian adults aged between 18 and 73 years. The survey was composed of the following measures: Flourishing Scale, Jarel Spiritual Well-Being scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Impact of Event Scale—Revised, Fear of COVID-19. The mediational analysis shows that fear of COVID-19 fully mediates the relationship between negative affect and spiritual well-being and flourishing; fear of COVID-19 partially mediates the relationship between negative affect and PTSD symptoms; the positive affect shows only direct effects on positive outcomes. Therefore, fear of COVID-19 does not play any mediation role. Implications for psychological interventions and future research will be discussed.

The Influence of the Weather on Affective Experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisi Kööts ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Multilevel Random Coefficient Modeling ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between affective experiences and weather variables using an experience-sampling method. The moderating effects of personality and age on the relationship were also investigated. Two age groups of participants (students and elderly people) recorded their moods when signalled during 14 consecutive days on 7 randomly determined occasions per day. Hourly weather data (temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and luminance) for the same period were obtained from the local weather station. Previously participants had completed the Estonian versions of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory ( Kallasmaa, Allik, Realo, & McCrae, 2000 ) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ( Allik & Realo, 1997 ). Multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses showed that momentary ratings of positive and negative affect were weakly related to temperature, positive affect was also related to sunlight. However, momentary ratings of fatigue showed a distinct tendency for greater incidence of sleepiness in the cold and dark. Age group was one of the most important moderators of the weather-emotion models. The influence of weather on emotions interacted with being outdoors. Personality traits also explained a small portion of variance in the influence of weather on affective states.

Adult Children Living With Aging Parents: The Association Between Income and Parental Affect

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
Andrew Gerber ◽  
Allison R. Heid ◽  
Rachel Pruchno
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Residential Status ◽  
Aging Parents ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Parental Income

This study examined the moderating effect of parental income on the association between parent–child coresidence and parental affect. Secondary analysis was conducted with data from the ORANJ BOWL panel, a representative sample of adults in New Jersey, aged 50 to 74 years ( N = 5,688). Results indicated that income had a significant moderating effect on the association between the adult child’s residential status and parents’ positive and negative affect. Among parents with coresident adult children, an observed decline in positive affect and rise in negative affect were amplified as parental income level increased, suggesting differential strains on parental well-being across income levels.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Negative Affect and Reported Cognitive Failures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabitha W. Payne ◽  
Michael A. Schnapp
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Cognitive Failures ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Cognitive Failures Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to expand our understanding of the range of negative affect associated with reported problems with everyday functions and activities, measured by the cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ). Evidence from previous research indicates that individuals meeting criteria for mood disorders, such as major depression or seasonal affective disorder, experience cognitive deficits in memory and attention that can lead to problems with everyday activities reported in the CFQ. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used to assess potential correlations with a wider range of negative emotions. Findings for a sample of 129 college students revealed that negative affective experiences were significantly correlated with failures of memory and attention on the CFQ (fear= .41,hostility= .38,sadness= .28, andguilt= .43). Conversely, positive affect was negatively correlated with distractibility (r=−.21). Additional affective scales on the PANAS (e.g.,shyness and fatigue) were also associated with higher reports of cognitive failures. The results provide converging evidence of a relationship between negative affective experiences and reported frequency of problems on the cognitive failures questionnaire.

scholarly journals Varied and unexpected changes in the well-being of seniors in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252962
Author(s):  
Silvia Barcellos ◽  
Mireille Jacobson ◽  
Arthur A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Percentage Points

Recent evidence suggests that psychological health deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic but far less is known about changes in other measures of well-being. We examined changes in a broad set of measures of well-being among seniors just before and after the recognition of community spread of COVID-19 in the United States. We fielded two waves of a survey to a large, national online panel of adults ages 60 to 68 at wave 1. We measured depressive symptoms, negative affect, positive affect, pain, life satisfaction and self-rated health in each survey wave. 16,644 adults answered well-being questions in waves 1 and 2 of our survey (mean[SD]: age 64 [2.6]; 10,165 women [61%]; 15,161 [91%] white). We found large (20%; p<0.001) increases in the rate of depressive symptoms (1.4 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.86) and negative mood (0.225 scale points; 95% CI, 0.205 to 0.245) but no change in self-reported health and a decrease (12.5%; p<0.001) in the rate of self-reported pain (5 percentage points; 95% CI, -5.8 to -4.3). Depressive symptoms and negative affect increased more for women. Higher perceived risk of getting COVID-19 and of dying from the disease were associated with larger increases in the rate of depressive symptoms and negative affect and larger decreases in positive affect and life satsifaction. COVID-19 related job/income loss was the only pandemic-related factor predictive of the decline in pain. Although depressive symptoms and mood worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, other measures of well-being were either not materially affected or even improved.

scholarly journals Συναισθηματική διάθεση, αναπαραστάσεις και τρόποι διαχείρισης της ασθένειας, και υποκειμενική υγεία σε χρόνιους ασθενείς

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Ευάγγελος Χ. Καραδήμας ◽  
Δήμητρα Μουρίκη ◽  
Σταματίνα Σωτήρχου ◽  
Δήμητρα Τζάκου ◽  
Μαρία Γιαννάκη
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Complex Relationships

The aim of the present study was to examine the relation of general affect to chronic patients’ illness representations, coping strategies and subjective health. Positive and negative affect was used as indicators of the typical personal responses to environmental stimuli. Patients suffering from a cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus-II, or rheumatoid arthritis (N=137; 53 males, 84 females) participated in the study, which was conducted in two phases with a two-month time interval. According to the findings, general affect is related to subjective health, even after controlling for illness-related variables. Moreover, the emotional representations of illness and the illness problem-solving coping strategies mediated the relation of positive and negative affect to both physical and psychological health. These findings are important for theory and clinical practice as they may help us better understand the complex relationships between the illness experience and the broader personal and social context. At the same time, they suggest that an intervention plan aiming at both the problem- and the contextrelatedfactors could be more efficient in helping chronic patients, than aiming solely at either the context or the problem.

The Retrospective Evaluation of Positive and Negative Affect

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Ganzach ◽  
Einat Yaor
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Memory Experience ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Net Affect

A vast amount of literature examined the relationship between retrospective affective evaluations and evaluations of affective experiences. This literature has focused on simple momentary experiences, and was based on a unidimensional concept of affect. The current article examines the relationships between evaluations of complex experiences, experiences involving both positive and negative feelings, and the retrospective evaluation of these experiences. Based on the idea that negative information is better remembered than positive information, we predict that in comparison with negative retrospective evaluations, positive evaluations have a stronger correlation with end affect and a weaker correlation with peak affect. These predictions are tested in two studies. We explore boundary conditions for these effects and demonstrate the implications of the asymmetry between positive and negative affect to various topics that are at the center of affect research: the dimensionality of affective experiences, the memory-experience gap, and the analysis of net affect.

scholarly journals The bipolarity of affect and depressive symptoms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Dejonckheere ◽  
Merijn Mestdagh ◽  
Marlies Houben ◽  
Yasemin Erbas ◽  
Madeline Pe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity

People differ in the extent to which they experience positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) rather independently or as bipolar opposites. Here, we examine the proposition that the nature of the relation between positive and negative affect in a person’s emotional experience is indicative of psychological well-being, in particular the experience of depressive symptoms, typically characterized by diminished positive affect (anhedonia) and increased negative affect (depressed mood). In three experience sampling studies, we examine how positive and negative affective states are related within people’s emotional experience in daily life and how the degree of bipolarity of this relation is associated with depressive symptom severity. In Study 1 and 2, we show both concurrently and longitudinally that a stronger bipolar PA-NA relationship is associated with, and in fact is predicted by, higher depressive symptom severity, even after controlling for mean levels of positive and negative affect. In Study 3, we replicate these findings in a daily diary design, with the two conceptually related main symptoms of depression, sadness and anhedonia, as specific manifestations of high NA and low PA, respectively. Across studies, additional analyses indicate these results are robust across different timescales and various PA and NA operationalizations and that affective bipolarity shows particular specificity towards depressive symptomatology, in comparison with anxiety symptoms. Together, these findings demonstrate that depressive symptoms involve stronger bipolarity between positive and negative affect, reflecting reduced emotional complexity and flexibility.

Brooding Concurrently and Prospectively Links Trait Positive and Negative Affect to Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1141
Author(s):  
Tara M. Rutter ◽  
Jordan Skalisky ◽  
Hailey Caudle ◽  
Jaclyn T. Aldrich ◽  
Amy H. Mezulis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
Adolescent Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Recent theory and evidence support an integrated affective-cognitive model of adolescent depressive symptoms in which temperament predicts the use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (ER) strategies which, in turn, predict depressive symptoms. We concurrently and prospectively investigated whether two cognitive ER strategies (dampening and brooding) mediated the effect of trait positive and negative affect on adolescent depressive symptoms. Young adolescents (11-14 years old) completed questionnaires at baseline ( N = 150) and at a 4-month follow-up ( N = 126). Findings indicate brooding mediated the relationship between both positive and negative affect and depressive symptoms, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Dampening yielded inconsistent results. This suggests brooding may be a unique mechanism from trait affect to depressive symptoms in late childhood to early adolescence.

scholarly journals More and Better: Reappraisal Quality Partially Explains the Effect of Reappraisal Use on Changes in Positive and Negative Affect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Southward ◽  
Anne C. Holmes ◽  
Daniel Strunk ◽  
Jennifer S. Cheavens
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Written Descriptions ◽  
Se 33

Background: A substantial body of research suggests that cognitive reappraisal is effective at improving momentary affect, but it remains unclear how reappraisal leads to these changes. We tested the quality of reappraisal as one potential mechanism. Methods: A sample of 314 participants (Mage = 36.30; 51.0% female; 69.4% White) recruited online were instructed in the use of reappraisal and were asked to use reappraisal while recalling an upsetting memory for five minutes. Afterwards, participants rated the degree to which they used reappraisal during the task and independent raters coded the quality of participants’ written descriptions. Participants also rated the intensity of positive and negative affect before and after the memory task. Results: Reappraisal quality explained a significant proportion of the effect of reappraisal use on improvements in negative, ab = –1.49, SE = .33, 95% CI [–2.17, –.90], and positive affect, ab = 2.67, SE = .54, 95% CI [1.64, 3.79]. Depression symptom severity moderated these relations – the indirect effects of reappraisal quality were stronger among those with fewer depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These results suggest the quality with which reappraisal is used is one way through which reappraisal predicts improvements in affect, especially among people lower in depressive symptoms. Our findings enhance our understanding of the process of reappraisal and offer potential targets for interventions.

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