scholarly journals Visuo-Locomotive Update in the Wild. The Role of (Un)Familiarity in Choice of Navigation Strategy, and its Application in Computational Spatial Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Kondyli ◽  
Mehul Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Spatial Updating ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Navigation Strategy ◽  
In The Wild

We study active human visuo-locomotive experience in everyday navigation from the viewpoints of environmental familiarity, embodied reorientation, and (sensorimotor) spatial update. Following a naturalistic, in situ, embodied multimodal behaviour analysis method, we conclude that familiar users rely on environmental cues as a navigation-aid and exhibit proactive decision-making, whereas unfamiliar users rely on manifest cues, are late in decision-making, and show no sign of sensorimotor spatial update. Qualitative analysis reveals that both groups are able to sketch-map their route and consider path integration: i.e., conscious spatial representation updating was possible but not preferred during active navigation. Overall, the experimental task did not trigger automatic or reflexlike spatial updating, as subjects preferred strategies involving memory of perceptual cues and available manifest cues instead of relying on motor simulation and continuous spatial update. Rooted in the behavioural outcomes, we also position applications in computational modelling of navigation within cognitive technologies for architectural design synthesis.

Causal evidence for a domain-specific role of left superior frontal sulcus in human perceptual decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Barretto Garcia ◽  
Marcus Grueschow ◽  
Marius Moisa ◽  
Rafael Polania ◽  
Christian Carl Ruff
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Sequential Sampling Model ◽  
Evidence Integration ◽  
Superior Frontal Sulcus

Humans and animals can flexibly choose their actions based on different information, ranging from objective states of the environment (e.g., apples are bigger than cherries) to subjective preferences (e.g., cherries are tastier than apples). Whether the brain instantiates these different choices by recruiting either specialized or shared neural circuitry remains debated. Specifically, domain-general theories of prefrontal cortex (PFC) function propose that prefrontal areas flexibly process either perceptual or value-based evidence depending on what is required for the present choice, whereas domain-specific theories posit that PFC sub- areas, such as the left superior frontal sulcus (SFS), selectively integrate evidence relevant for perceptual decisions. Here we comprehensively test the functional role of the left SFS for choices based on perceptual and value-based evidence, by combining fMRI with a behavioural paradigm, computational modelling, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Confirming predictions by a sequential sampling model, we show that TMS-induced excitability reduction of the left SFS selectively changes the processing of decision-relevant perceptual information and associated neural processes. In contrast, value-based decision making and associated neural processes remain unaffected. This specificity of SFS function is evident at all levels of analysis (behavioural, computational, and neural, including functional connectivity), demonstrating that the left SFS causally contributes to evidence integration for  perceptual but not value-based decisions.

scholarly journals Mass-tailorisation - a digital aid for the decision-making in the designer's design process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Potential

<p>The advent of digital tools and technologies of modern times has provided architectural designers with the ability to create in complexities and volumes of an unprecedented scale. With the myriad of possibilities, the designer has become prone to the Paradox of Choice - the difficulty of making decisions in a field of mass-options. </p> <p>Mass-tailorisation aims to aid the decision-making process of the designer in a world of unprecedented possibilities, limited only by the practicalities of reality. This research develops a theoretical framework for mass-tailorisation systems that aid the designer in the decision-making process by strategically focusing on four stages of the decision-making process. </p> <p>The thesis investigates the theoretical framework of mass-tailorisation through several phases of case studies that critically assess the viability and the implications of the components that constitute the mass-tailorisation system. The need for mass-tailorisation, as well as the establishment of the system and the future potential of mass-tailorisation are addressed through these case studies. Thus, leading to an integrative theoretical framework on the validity of mass-tailorisation. </p> <p>The research also speculates on the possible role of the future designer as they navigate through the near-limitless possibilities of the architectural design process of modern times. Finally, the thesis concludes by discussing the specific importance of the Design-Fabrication-Assembly Digital Continuum and the pursuit for the Move 37 phenomenon in explaining how mass-tailorisation can improve the decision-making process of the designer during the design process.</p>

scholarly journals Mass-tailorisation - a digital aid for the decision-making in the designer's design process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Potential

<p>The advent of digital tools and technologies of modern times has provided architectural designers with the ability to create in complexities and volumes of an unprecedented scale. With the myriad of possibilities, the designer has become prone to the Paradox of Choice - the difficulty of making decisions in a field of mass-options. </p> <p>Mass-tailorisation aims to aid the decision-making process of the designer in a world of unprecedented possibilities, limited only by the practicalities of reality. This research develops a theoretical framework for mass-tailorisation systems that aid the designer in the decision-making process by strategically focusing on four stages of the decision-making process. </p> <p>The thesis investigates the theoretical framework of mass-tailorisation through several phases of case studies that critically assess the viability and the implications of the components that constitute the mass-tailorisation system. The need for mass-tailorisation, as well as the establishment of the system and the future potential of mass-tailorisation are addressed through these case studies. Thus, leading to an integrative theoretical framework on the validity of mass-tailorisation. </p> <p>The research also speculates on the possible role of the future designer as they navigate through the near-limitless possibilities of the architectural design process of modern times. Finally, the thesis concludes by discussing the specific importance of the Design-Fabrication-Assembly Digital Continuum and the pursuit for the Move 37 phenomenon in explaining how mass-tailorisation can improve the decision-making process of the designer during the design process.</p>

scholarly journals Value-based decision-making between affective memories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Pulcu ◽  
Calum Guinea ◽  
Hannah Clemens ◽  
Catherine J Harmer ◽  
Susannah E Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Affective Events ◽  
Subsequent Recall ◽  
Pupil Constriction

Affective biases can influence how past events are recalled from memory. However, the mechanisms underlying how discrete affective events shape memory formation and subsequent recall are not well understood. Further understanding this is important given the central role of negative biases in affective memory recall in depression and antidepressant drug action. In order to capture cognitive processes associated with affective memory formation and recall, we studied value-based decision-making between affective memories in two within-subject experiments (n=45 and n=74). Our findings suggest that discrete affective events, created by large magnitude Wheel of Fortune (WoF) outcomes, influence affective memory formation processes during reinforcement-learning (RL). After 24 hours, we show that healthy volunteers display stable preferences during value-based recall of affective memories in a binary decision-making task. Computational modelling of these preferences demonstrated a positive bias during value-based recall, induced by previously winning in the WoF. We further showed that value-based decision-making between affective memories engages the pupil-linked central arousal systems, leading to pupil constriction prior to, and differential pupil dilation after the decision onset depending on the valence of the chosen options. Taken together, we demonstrate that mechanisms underlying human affective memory systems can be described by RL and probability weighting models. This approach could be used as a translational assay to study the effects of novel antidepressants.

Platonic Solids and Spatial Visualization

2016 ◽  
pp. 484-496
Author(s):  
Beniamino Polimeni
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Platonic Solids ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
Design Systems ◽  
The One

In last decades computer graphics design systems emerged as key players in architectural design, on the one hand leading to a combination of parametric, process-driven architecture and applied geometry, and on the other hand, to a new role of architects as makers, and craft-people, able to bring together architecture as an interplay between art and craftsmanship. This unique dual perspective about architectural practice and education inspires this paper, which tries to analyze how a set of basic volumetric transformations can generate complex spatial outcomes. Using platonic solids as base volumes, we will explore different ideas, applying generalized extrusions, remesh schemes of subdivision and multiplication of the object's faces, and a set of tools to create high-genus meshes. Starting from these new objects, a set of solid wireframe structures will be created as well. The goal of this process is to create a basic guideline to explore the spatial design language: a set of illustrated steps to activate architectural inquiry and to generate innovative design solutions.

scholarly journals Architectural Travelers: The Role of Field Trips in Spatial Design Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berk Kesim ◽  
Nilüfer Baturayoğlu Yöney
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

Architectural design and its education are physio- and socio-spatial activities. In other words, creating space is concerned with understanding the physical as well as the social/cultural context to produce meaning and values beyond determining and answering the right questions. Informal learning environments have always been an integral part of the profession even before its formal definition. Experiential learning or field trips play a significant role in architectural and spatial design education, yet procedural aspects of designing such a journey have not been discussed by educators regarding active and informal learning. This paper aims to understand the role of field trips and re-discover how they contribute to spatial design education at undergraduate level through the processes of learning by doing and research by design / design by research. The field trips, or the context, are discussed with a three-fold focus as an interdisciplinary design process: (1) Understanding the study field from macro to micro scale; (2) Experiencing and observing the society, culture and daily life; (3) Comparative studies through visits to buildings with similar programs. Case studies with local, national and international/foreign contexts from design studios of primary and secondary cycles are presented in order to illustrate this process.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The Role of Shared Decision-Making in Audiologic Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Pryce ◽  
Amanda Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Audiologic Rehabilitation

Shared decision-making (SDM), a component of patient-centered care, is the process in which the clinician and patient both participate in decision-making about treatment; information is shared between the parties and both agree with the decision. Shared decision-making is appropriate for health care conditions in which there is more than one evidence-based treatment or management option that have different benefits and risks. The patient's involvement ensures that the decisions regarding treatment are sensitive to the patient's values and preferences. Audiologic rehabilitation requires substantial behavior changes on the part of patients and includes benefits to their communication as well as compromises and potential risks. This article identifies the importance of shared decision-making in audiologic rehabilitation and the changes required to implement it effectively.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

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