Why Social Cognitive Development Research Needs Intersectionality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lei ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Multiple Category ◽  
And Gender

Children develop rich concepts of social categories based on gender, race, and other social dimensions throughout early and middle childhood. However, less is known about the development of representations at the intersection of multiple categories. This is a critical issue because overlooking how children integrate information about multiple category identities causes a major gap in our understanding of the development of social cognition. To address this issue, we suggest researchers adopt an intersectional framework. By intersectional framework, we mean consideration of both how power structures contribute to systems of inequality as well as variability in how group-based bias is expressed towards people with one vs. multiple minoritized identities. Using research on children’s use of race and gender, we describe how our current understanding of social categorization is incomplete, and how an intersectional framework can advance both equity and theory.

How race and gender shape the development of social prototypes in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lei ◽  
Rachel Leshin ◽  
Kelsey Moty ◽  
Emily Foster-Hanson ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Woman ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Cultural Ideologies ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories

The present studies examined how gender and race information shape children’s prototypes of various social categories. Children (N=543; Mage=5.81, range=2.75 - 10.62; 281 girls, 262 boys; 193 White, 114 Asian, 71 Black, 50 Hispanic, 39 Multiracial, 7 Middle-Eastern, 69 race unreported) most often chose White people as prototypical of boys and men—a pattern that increased with age. For female gender categories, children most often selected a White girl as prototypical of girls, but an Asian woman as prototypical of women. For superordinate social categories (person and kid), children tended to choose members of their own gender as most representative. Overall, the findings reveal how cultural ideologies and identity-based processes interact to shape the development of social prototypes across childhood.

scholarly journals “We’re Being Released to a Jungle”: The State of Prisoner Reentry and the Resilience of Women of Color

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Garcia-Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
Prisoner Reentry ◽  
The State ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Gender

The punitive carceral system is expected to tame people of color into docile bodies through their imprisonment. Furthermore, the oppressive and punitive U.S. context embodies patriarchy and injustice in which women of color endure unique obstacles at the intersection of race and gender. Given the power structures built to destabilize women of color before and after incarceration, this study uses interview data to examine their perseverance through carceral systems. The findings illustrate how oppressive regimes shape postincarceration obstacles and explore how women of color combat social-structural inequalities after incarceration.

scholarly journals Face Processing in Infancy and Beyond: The Case of Social Categories

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Quinn ◽  
Kang Lee ◽  
Olivier Pascalis
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Social And Emotional Development ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Category Formation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Differential Experience ◽  
Social Biases

Prior reviews of infant face processing have emphasized how infants respond to faces in general. This review highlights how infants come to respond differentially to social categories of faces based on differential experience, with a focus on race and gender. We examine six different behaviors: preference, recognition, scanning, category formation, association with emotion, and selective learning. Although some aspects of infant responding to face race and gender may be accounted for by traditional models of perceptual development, other aspects suggest the need for a broader model that links perceptual development with social and emotional development. We also consider how responding to face race and gender in infancy may presage responding to these categories beyond infancy and discuss how social biases favoring own-race and female faces are formed.

The Development of Intersectional Social Prototypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lei ◽  
Rachel Leshin ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Category Representation ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gender Categorization ◽  
Developmental Shift ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
And Gender

Race and gender information overlap to shape adults’ representations of social categories. This overlap can lead to the “psychological invisibility” of people whose race and gender identities are perceived to have conflicting stereotypes. The present research examines whether and when race begins to bias representations of gender across development. Using a speeded categorization task, Study 1 revealed that children were slower to categorize Black women as women, relative to White and Asian women as women and Black men as men. Children were also more likely to mis-categorize Black women as men and less likely to stereotype Black women as feminine. Study 2 replicated these findings and provided evidence of a developmental shift in categorization speed. An omnibus analysis provided a high-powered test of developmental hypotheses, revealing that target race began biasing children’s gender categorization around age 5. Implications for the development of social category representation are discussed.

Power and the Evolution of Inequity

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-132
Author(s):  
Cailin O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Bargaining Game ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Resource Division ◽  
Relevant Factors

The chapter starts with an introduction of the primary paradigm used in this half of the book—the bargaining game. It uses this model to show why in groups with social categories fairness in bargaining is not the expected outcome of cultural evolution. Instead, social categories act as a symmetry breaker that stabilizes inequitable bargaining conventions. The chapter then turns to the role power plays in the evolution of bargaining. Powerful groups often gain an advantage with respect to the emergence of conventions of resource division. This can lead to compounding processes that profoundly disadvantage some social groups. These models make especially clear how irrelevant markers like race and gender can come to be more important in determining resource division than relevant factors, such as individual status.

Convergence of Rhetoric, Labour, and Play in the Construction of Inactive Discourses on Twitch

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Catá
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Complex Space ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Complex Power ◽  
And Gender ◽  
A Site

Abstract Twitch is a complex space that involves both laborious play and “playbour” through the commodification of streamers time and the gamification of streamer interaction through emotes and bits. As a result, this creates a rhetorical space where celebrity, race, and gender are tension points that reflect disproportionate power structures on Twitch. Coupled with the fact that Twitch also functions as the main broadcast platform for esports tournaments, understanding how streamers rhetorically position themselves and interact with audiences as content creators, streamers, celebrities, and, for some, esports athletes it is important as video games increasingly become a mainstream form of entertainment. In addition to examining streamers, we also need to understand how average audiences, both casual, non-competitive gamers, and mainstream audiences will consume and react to streamer discussions and discourse and how that impacts attitudes in the community, particularly in relation to toxicity towards minorities. My paper uses Tyler “Ninja” Belvin’s statement “I don’t play with female gamers” (Frank 2018) as a rhetorical case study for examining rhetorical power, celebrity, and privilege on Twitch. I ultimately argue that Twitch is a site of laborious play and “playbour” that perpetually remains socially inactive in supporting and accepting minorities on the platform. To support this argument, I use Carolyn Miller’s “Genre as Social Action” (1984) to situate the rhetorics around this situation using her features (context, recursive patterns, discourse, mediation, and exigence) to analyse two interviews with Ninja, labour and commodification structures on Twitch, and Twitch chat. Through these, I identify the rhetorical implications of Ninja’s statements, how it affects the Twitch gaming community, and reveal a complex power structure that ultimately fails to acknowledge the streamers’ rhetorical power and influence while continuing to perpetuate toxic gaming attitudes towards minorities.

scholarly journals RDoC, Psychopathology, and Naturalism: What’s New Is What’s Old?

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
Douglas Porter
Keyword(s):  
User Participation ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Research Domain

The Research Domain Criteria project, although innovative, remains thoroughly grounded in a naturalist conception of psychopathology. Exploring the meaning of psychopathology with reference to social categories such as race and gender makes it apparent that, by taking this naturalist approach, Research Domain Criteria runs the risk of treating contingent social norms as immutable facts of nature. The political impact of this approach is inherently conservative as it perpetuates the status quo, even if the status quo entails discrimination. These political effects are not an inevitable outcome of the application of neuroscience to the study of psychopathology. Exploring the implications of neuroplasticity demonstrates that maintaining rigid dichotomies between the biological and the social is untenable. Accordingly, taking a neuroscience approach to psychopathology actually reveals the significance of social science, phenomenological, and narrative-based approaches to research and ultimately points toward the ethical significance of service user participation in the science of nosology.

scholarly journals Africa em Lisboa - Os Indígenas da Guiné na Grande Exposiçã o Industrial and Guiné Aldeia Indígena em Lisboa - 1932: the portrayal of the female body

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Francesca de Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Digital Archive ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Dominant Narratives

In this essay I will discuss the iconographic constructions developed by the Portuguese colonial project, arguing that Estado Novo has used cinema to consolidate social categories defined by the regime propaganda, using a discourse based on reality and authenticity and through the projection of stereotyped structures such as race and gender. Moving in the background of the theoretical frame on the concepts of archive and digital archive, the analysis will focus on a deconstructive re-interpretation of colonial and dominant narratives in two documentaries realized for the Portuguese industrial exposition in 1932, África em Lisboa – Os Indígenas da Guiné na Grande Exposição Industrial ((Africa in Lisbon- The Indigenous People of Guinea in The Great Industrial Exhibition) and Guiné Aldeia Indígena em Lisboa – 1932 (Guinea Indigenous Village in Lisbon- 1932). The discussion will hence be centered on the representation and the construction of relations of dominance and power over the black female body.

scholarly journals The Development of Intersectional Social Prototypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 911-926
Author(s):  
Ryan F. Lei ◽  
Rachel A. Leshin ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Gender Categorization ◽  
Developmental Shift ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
And Gender

Race and gender information overlap to shape adults’ representations of social categories. This overlap may contribute to the psychological “invisibility” of people whose race and gender identities are perceived to have conflicting stereotypes. The present research ( N = 249) examined when race begins to bias representations of gender across development. Children and adults engaged in a speeded task in which they categorized photographs of faces of women and men from three racial categories: Asian, Black, and White (four photographs per gender and racial group). In Study 1, participants were slower to categorize photographs of Black women as women than photographs of White and Asian women as women and Black men as men. They also were more likely to miscategorize photographs of Black women as men and less likely to stereotype Black women as feminine. Study 2 replicated these findings and provided evidence of a developmental shift in categorization speed. An omnibus analysis provided a high-powered test of this developmental hypothesis, revealing that target race begins biasing children’s gender categorization around age 5. Implications for the development of social-category representation are discussed.

Frenemies and Friendly Fire at Underground Railroad High

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signithia Fordham
Keyword(s):  
Specific Power ◽  
Female Competition ◽  
Underground Railroad ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Student Body ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Friendly Fire ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Specific

The first chapter presents the theoretical framework of this book by foregrounding structural violence, highlighting the nexus between culturally approved hegemonic female- specific power and the reproduction of gender inequality. It looks through the prism of symbolic violence and the way its perceived ordinariness, normality, or blandness is implicated in its misrecognition among school officials and the entire student body. It is especially devoted to chronicling the anthropological theoretical claims shaping the ethnographic data presented in this book, especially as they are related to the society’s major social categories: race, class, and particularly the intersectionality of race and gender. It is here that the author begins to propose a theory of gender-specific competition in which the often hidden and/or misrecognized objective of female competition is to lose—in order to win.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document