scholarly journals Norm vigilance in reaction to control threat: A file drawer report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Czepluch ◽  
Philipp Jugert ◽  
Immo Fritsche
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
File Drawer

In times of threat people often turn to social groups to fulfill various needs. In situations where this threat is related to people’s personal sense of control, the model of group-based control provides a social-identity-based account of why thinking and acting in terms of group membership should become more likely to occur. We set out to extend this perspective to the perception and processing of information about norms. Our initial hypothesis, the norm vigilance hypothesis, was that threat to people’s personal sense of control should induce a state where people become more vigilant for information about relevant social norms. This should become evident in more accurate recall of specifically this type of information under conditions of threat. In a series of four studies, we investigated this hypothesis with different paradigms, but were unable to find convincing evidence for the notion of norm vigilance in terms of enhanced accuracy. In a fifth study, we investigated an alternative hypothesis of motivated intergroup distortion of information about social norms after threat, but did not find convincing evidence for this mechanism either.

scholarly journals How to Think About Social Identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kalin ◽  
Nicholas Sambanis
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Relationship

What does it mean to identify with a social group? Are individuals’ group attachments tied to material or nonmaterial payoffs? What is the existing evidence for social identification due to nonmaterial payoffs? When do identities matter and for what sorts of behaviors? We highlight findings from several literatures in political science, ranging from voting and redistribution to violence and conflict, focusing on nonmaterial, identity-based motivations for behavior in these domains. Doing so allows us to draw out commonalities across research areas that are often held in isolation from one another and that frequently employ overlapping terminology. We summarize important findings and identify open questions; these questions include what the role played by elites is in shaping mass mobilization around identities and what the relationship is between social identities and social norms.

scholarly journals Activist Choice Homophily and the Crowdfunding of Female Founders

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Greenberg ◽  
Ethan Mollick
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Underrepresented Groups ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Identity Based

In this paper, we examine when members of underrepresented groups choose to support each other, using the context of the funding of female founders via donation-based crowdfunding. Building on theories of choice homophily, we develop the concept of activist choice homophily, in which the basis of attraction between two individuals is not merely similarity between them, but rather perceptions of shared structural barriers stemming from a common social identity based on group membership. We differentiate activist choice homophily from homophily based on the similarity between individuals (“interpersonal choice homophily”), as well as from “induced homophily,” which reflects the likelihood that those in a particular social category will affiliate and form networks. Using lab experiments and field data, we show that activist choice homophily provides an explanation for why women are more likely to succeed at crowdfunding than men and why women are most successful in industries in which they are least represented.

A Model of the Ingroup as a Social Resource

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Correll ◽  
Bernadette Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Resource ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Global Concern

Drawing on theories of social comparison, realistic group conflict, and social identity, we present an integrative model designed to describe the psychological utility of social groups. We review diverse motivations that group membership may satisy (e.g., the need for acceptance or ideological consensus) and attempt to link these particular needs to a global concern for self-worth. We then examine several factors hypothesized to influence an ingroup's utility in the eyes of its members. Attempting to unite our understanding of (a) why groups are needed and (b) what kinds of groups are useful in meeting those needs, a proposed model of the ingroup as a social resource (MISR) suggests that the dimensions of perceived value, entitativity, and identification interact to determine the overall psychological utility of an ingroup. We discuss empirical and theoretical support for this model, as well as its implications for intra-and intergroup attitudes.

Comparative Context and Relevant Group Membership: Attitudes on Gender Inequality within the Context of Contrasting Leaders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Bouguettaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Context Effect ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Relevant Group ◽  
Leader Perceptions ◽  
Main Effects

In this paper, the interaction between relevant group membership (i.e. gender) and context on leader perceptions was analysed within the paradigm of social identity theory. It was hypothesised that sharing group membership with a leader would result in to more positive ratings of a leader, while context would change how leaders were viewed depending on how much they embodied group values in relation to other leaders. The issue of contention to be contrasted between leaders was gender inequality. This context effect pattern was predicted to be different for males than females; males were believed to rate a leader more positively when the leader expressed a contextually more dismissive view, while females were predicted to rate a leader better when the leader expressed a contextually more proactive view. The hypotheses about the main effects of gender and context were supported; however, the results for the interaction were mixed in support. Gender and context did significantly interact, but it was not always in the directions predicted. Further research into this interaction is needed.

scholarly journals A Multilevel Model of Environmentally Specific Social Identity in Predicting Environmental Strategies: Evidence from Technology Manufacturing Businesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4567
Author(s):  
Stanley Y. B. Huang ◽  
Chih-Wen Ting ◽  
Yu-Ming Fei
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Upper Echelons Theory ◽  
Environmental Strategies ◽  
Identity Based

This study proposed a multilevel model of environmentally specific social identity based on upper echelons theory and examined how environmentally specific transformational leadership influenced the environmentally specific social identity of the top management team (TMT), which consequently influenced a corporation’s choices of proactive environmental strategies. Besides, the environmentally specific transformational leadership atmosphere at the TMT level also influenced the environmentally specific social identity atmosphere at the TMT level, which consequently influenced a corporation’s choices of proactive environmental strategies at the same time. In particular, this study proposed a novel concept–environmentally specific social identity based on social identity theory, including environmentally specific self-categorization, environmentally specific affective commitment, environmentally specific self-esteem. This study employed a hierarchical linear model and collected longitudinal data of 210 chief executive officers with their 840 members of TMTs at technology manufacturing businesses of Greater China at three waves over six months to analyze the theoretical model. This study found that individual-level environmentally specific transformational leadership and TMT-level environmentally specific transformational leadership (atmosphere) influenced individual-level environmentally specific social identity and TMT-level environmentally specific social identity (atmosphere), which consequently influenced proactive environmental strategies. These findings provide theoretical insights for the field of sustainable development that can advance the literature on proactive environmental strategies.

scholarly journals The role of integrated offline/online social activity and social identification in Facebook citizenship behaviour formation

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ahmed Bhatti ◽  
Ghulam Ali Arain ◽  
Hina Mahboob Yasin ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shakaib Akram
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Activity Integration

PurposeDrawing on social identity theory and prosocial behaviour research, this study explores how people's integration of their offline and online social activities through Facebook cultivates their Facebook citizenship behaviour (FCB). It also offers further insight into the underlying mechanism of offline and online social activity integration - FCB relation by investigating people's social identification with their offline and online social groups as possible mediators.Design/methodology/approachBased on social identity theory (SIT) literature, community citizenship behaviour and offline-online social activity integration through Facebook, we developed a conceptual model, which was empirically tested using data from 308 Facebook usersFindingsThe results confirm that the participants' offline-online social activity integration via Facebook is positively linked to their FCB. Further, the integration of offline and online social activity through Facebook positively affects how a person identifies with their offline and online social groups, which in turn causes them to display FCB. In addition, offline/online social identification mediates the integration – FCB relation.Practical implicationsIn practice, it is interesting to see people's tendency towards altruistic behaviours within groups they like to associate themselves with. Those who share their Facebook network with their offline friends can use such network to seek help and support.Originality/valueFrom a theoretical perspective, unlike past research, this study examines how individuals' offline-online social activity integration via Facebook helps them associate with groups. In addition, this study investigates social identification from an offline and online perspective.

scholarly journals When Is Group Membership Zero-Sum? Effects of Ethnicity, Threat, and Social Identity on Dual National Identity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0130539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Smithson ◽  
Arthur Sopeña ◽  
Michael J. Platow
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Zero Sum

Copy the In-group: Group Membership Trumps Perceived Reliability, Warmth, and Competence in a Social-Learning Task

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762110322
Author(s):  
Marcel Montrey ◽  
Thomas R. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Minimal Group Paradigm ◽  
Learning Game ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Cumulative Cultural Evolution

Surprisingly little is known about how social groups influence social learning. Although several studies have shown that people prefer to copy in-group members, these studies have failed to resolve whether group membership genuinely affects who is copied or whether group membership merely correlates with other known factors, such as similarity and familiarity. Using the minimal-group paradigm, we disentangled these effects in an online social-learning game. In a sample of 540 adults, we found a robust in-group-copying bias that (a) was bolstered by a preference for observing in-group members; (b) overrode perceived reliability, warmth, and competence; (c) grew stronger when social information was scarce; and (d) even caused cultural divergence between intermixed groups. These results suggest that people genuinely employ a copy-the-in-group social-learning strategy, which could help explain how inefficient behaviors spread through social learning and how humans maintain the cultural diversity needed for cumulative cultural evolution.

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