The Role of Disciplinary Parenting Practices in Early Childhood Socio-Emotional Development: An Examination in the Millennium Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽  
Yuzhan Hang ◽  
Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽  
Aja Louise Murray
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Child Behaviors ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Family Effects ◽  
Parent Child

Objective: Patterson’s coercion model describes a gradual escalation in maladaptive parent-child transactions whereby externalizing behaviors lead to increases in maladaptive parenting, and vice versa. Little research has investigated whether the model’s implied mechanisms are also relevant for illuminating the role of parent-child interactions in internalizing problems. Also, most studies have been limited by a methodological mismatch between the within-family effects implied by Patterson’s model and parameters estimated by statistical models, such as cross-lagged panel models, that conflate within- and between-family effects. Method: The current study investigates the role of two types of disciplinary parenting practices (harsh parenting and withdrawal tactics) in the within-person development of conduct problems, hyperactive/inattentive behaviors and emotional problems. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was fit across ages 3, 5 and 7 (N=14037) using the UK population representative Millennium Cohort Study.Result: Results suggested bidirectional relations between harsh parenting tactics and hyperactive/inattentive behaviors as well as emotional problems. Withdrawal tactics were associated with fewer hyperactive/inattentive behaviors and emotional problems over the age 3 to 5 lag, but more hyperactive/inattentive behaviors and conduct problems over the age 5 to 7 lag. Mediation analyses indicated that the combined effect of harsh parenting and withdrawal tactics mediated a cascade from conduct problems to emotional problems. Conclusion: Findings support Patterson’s coercion model, providing evidence for reciprocal within-family relations between parenting practices and child behaviors. They further confirm the importance of addressing parenting difficulties in families where children present with socio-emotional difficulties for the prevention of the accumulation of additional issues.

scholarly journals Discriminant Profile of Young Internet Dependents: The Role of Family Relationships

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (62) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Terres-Trindade ◽  
Clarisse Pereira Mosmann
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Paternal Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractInternational studies have shown effects of family relations on Internet addiction in young people. This research aimed to outline a discriminant profile of young people classified as dependent and not dependent on the Internet regarding to socio-biodemographic variables to parenting practices, parent-child conflict and interparental conflict. The sample consisted of 200 students (152 girls and 48 boys), between 15 and 24 years of age, 85.5% reside in Rio Grande do Sul and 14.5% in other Brazilian states. Participants responded individually to the protocol available online. The results showed that interparental conflict, parent-child conflict and the educational practice of supervision of paternal behavior discriminate dependents on Internet. The educational practice of maternal emotional support was the only discriminating variable for non-dependents. These national findings corroborate the international context studies and reinforce the importance of including the family in promotion and prevention of mental health of young people.

scholarly journals Testing the Effects of COVID-19 Confinement in Spanish Children: The Role of Parents’ Distress, Emotional Problems and Specific Parenting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Romero ◽  
Laura López-Romero ◽  
Beatriz Domínguez-Álvarez ◽  
Paula Villar ◽  
Jose Antonio Gómez-Fraguela
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Child Adjustment ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Parenting Distress

The present study aimed to examine the effects of the Spanish confinement derived from the COVID-19 crisis on children and their families, accounting for child’s age. A range of child negative (e.g., conduct problems) and positive outcomes (e.g., routine maintenance) were examined, along with a set of parent-related variables, including resilience, perceived distress, emotional problems, parenting distress and specific parenting practices (e.g., structured or avoidant parenting), which were modeled through path analysis to better understand child adjustment. Data were collected in April 2020, with information for the present study provided by 940 (89.6%) mothers, 102 (9.7%) fathers and 7 (0.7%) different caregivers, who informed on 1049 Spanish children (50.4% girls) aged 3 to 12 years (Mage = 7.29; SD = 2.39). The results suggested that, according to parents’ information, most children did not show important changes in behavior, although some increasing rates were observed for both negative and positive outcomes. Child adjustment was influenced by a chain of effects, derived from parents’ perceived distress and emotional response to the COVID-19 crisis, via parenting distress and specific parenting practices. While parenting distress in particular triggered child negative outcomes, specific parenting practices were more closely related to child positive outcomes. These findings may help to better inform, for potential future outbreaks, effective guidelines and prevention programs aimed at promoting the child’s well-being in the family.

How do highly sensitive persons parent their adolescent children? The role of sensory processing sensitivity in parenting practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1825-1842
Author(s):  
Alon Goldberg ◽  
Miri Scharf
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Parenting Interventions ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensory Processing Sensitivity

This research examines whether sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) in parents is associated with their parenting practices toward their adolescent children and whether attachment insecurity mediates the associations between SPS and parenting practices. One hundred twenty-one parent–adolescent dyads completed self-report questionnaires assessing parents’ SPS, parents’ adult attachment, and parenting practices. Results showed that SPS was positively associated with inconsistency, psychological intrusiveness, and attachment anxiety. Further, attachment anxiety mediated the association between parents’ SPS and harsh parenting and partially mediated the association between parents’ SPS and parental psychological intrusiveness. There is very little research on how highly sensitive individuals parent their children in general and none regarding the parenting of high-SPS individuals during challenging developmental periods such as their children’s adolescence. Findings suggest that parents high in SPS may experience this period as especially stressful and high SPS might contribute to the use of negative parenting. Interventions focused on regulating high-SPS parents’ stress and on facilitating parents in practicing separating their own and their children’s emotions could promote their use of more positive parenting practices.

scholarly journals Association of Food and General Parenting Practices with Young Children's Dietary Behaviors and the Role of Child Difficulty in Self-regulation (OR03-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Edward Frongillo ◽  
Christine Blake ◽  
Cheri Shapiro ◽  
Amy Frith
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Sweet Foods ◽  
General Parenting ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Objectives Understand the association of food and general parenting practices with young children's dietary behaviors and the role of child difficulty in self-regulation in this relationship. Methods Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort. Parent-child dyads with non-missing outcomes at age 5 (i.e., weekly frequency of intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet foods and desserts, salty snack foods, fruits, and vegetables) were used (n = 3,250 boys and 3,150 girls). Analyses were done separately for boys and girls. Regression models with full information maximum likelihood were used accounting for clusters in Stata. Each outcome was regressed on food parenting variables at age 4 (i.e., rules about foods, and meal routines of eating as a family and at a regular time) and covariates. General parenting variables at age 4 (i.e., parent-child interaction, difficulty sticking with rules, harsh discipline, rules about watching television, and rules about bedtime), child difficulty in self-regulation at age 4, and their interactions were then added sequentially. Results Better food parenting practices at age 4 were associated with less frequent intake of unhealthy and more frequent intake of healthy foods and beverages in both boys and girls at age 5, with some differences by gender. General parenting practices at age 4 were associated with dietary behaviors differently for boys and girls. Difficulty in self-regulation at age 4 significantly modified the association between parenting practices and child's dietary behaviors for boys (evening meals at a regular time and intake of sweet foods and desserts) and girls (parent-child interaction and intake of sugar-sweetened beverages; difficulty sticking with rules and intake of sweet foods and desserts; rules about foods and intake of fruits and vegetables; and harsh discipline and intake of fruits). Conclusions Better food parenting and general parenting practices at age 4 were associated with children's healthy dietary behaviors at age 5. These associations differed by gender and child difficulty in self-regulation. Interventions to improve children's dietary behaviors should target parents and children to promote positive parenting in food and non-food settings and support children with difficulty in self-regulation. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Harsh parenting and child conduct and emotional problems: parent- and child-effects in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Graeme Fairchild ◽  
Sarah L. Halligan ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
Joseph Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Child Conduct Problems ◽  
Child Effects ◽  
Child Emotional Problems ◽  
Child Conduct

AbstractIn high-income countries, links between harsh and abusive parenting and child conduct and emotional problems are well-documented. However, less is known about these relationships in low- and middle-income countries, where harsh parenting may be more widely accepted and higher rates of conduct or emotional problems may exist which could influence the strength of these associations. We sought to investigate these relationships in a large population-based, prospective longitudinal study from Brazil, which also allowed us to test for sex differences. Using data from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (N = 4231) at ages 6 and 11 years, we applied cross-lagged path analysis to examine the relationships between harsh parenting (Conflict Tactics Scale Parent–Child version), and child conduct and emotional problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). We found reciprocal relationships between harsh parenting and child conduct problems, with harsh parenting at age 6 predicting child conduct problems at age 11, and vice versa, even after adjusting for initial levels of conduct problems and harsh parenting, respectively. For child emotional problems, only unidirectional effects were found, with harsh parenting at age 6 predicting child emotional problems at age 11, after adjusting for initial levels of emotional problems, but not vice versa. No significant sex differences were observed in these relationships. These observations based on a middle-income country birth cohort highlight the potential universality of detrimental effects of harsh parenting on child conduct and emotional problems and affirm the importance of addressing parent- and child-effects in preventive and treatment interventions, especially those targeting conduct problems.

scholarly journals Association between maladaptive parenting and child self-control over time: cross-lagged study using a monozygotic twin difference design

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. M. Cecil ◽  
Edward D. Barker ◽  
Sara R. Jaffee ◽  
Essi Viding
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Self Control

BackgroundHarsh parenting practices and negative parental feelings may be environmental risk factors for low self-control in children. Children may also evoke certain parenting reactions.AimsTo investigate the longitudinal relationship between parenting and self-control, as well as associated outcomes within the monozygotic (MZ) twin differences framework.MethodLongitudinal MZ twin differences analysis was conducted on a community sample of 5184 twins using data from ages 3, 4, 7 and 9 years. Outcomes related to self-control and parenting were analysed at age 12 years.ResultsNon-shared environmental effects of parenting on the development of self-control and an evocative effect of child self-control on parenting were found. Harsh parenting predicted conduct problems for both boys and girls. Self-control at age 9 predicted conduct problems and emotional difficulties at age 12.ConclusionsParenting and child self-control affect one another, highlighting the potential of early interventions that target parents and children simultaneously.

scholarly journals The Role of the Family’s Emotional Climate in the Links between Parent-Adolescent Communication and Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Kapetanovic ◽  
Therése Skoog
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Climate ◽  
Parenting Strategies ◽  
Adolescent Disclosure

Abstract The current study was designed to extend the parenting literature by testing the moderating role of the family’s emotional climate, operationalized with parent-adolescent emotional closeness and adolescent feelings of being overly controlled by parents on the longitudinal associations between parent-driven communication efforts (i.e. parental behavioral control and solicitation of information from their adolescent), adolescent-driven communication efforts (i.e. adolescent disclosure and secrecy) and adolescent psychosocial functioning (i.e. emotional problems, conduct problems, delinquency, and wellbeing). We conducted a series of cross-lagged models controlling for adolescent gender and ethnicity using a two-wave Swedish longitudinal set of self-report data (N = 1515, 51% girls, M age = 13.0 and 14.3 years at T1 and T2, respectively). Multi-group analyses revealed that the negative links between T1 parental control and T2 adolescent delinquency, T1 parental solicitation and T2 adolescent conduct problems and delinquency, and T1 emotional problems and T2 adolescent disclosure were moderated by the family’s emotional climate. When the family’s emotional climate was positive, the parenting strategies had a more positive effect on adolescent psychosocial functioning, and adolescents with emotional problems communicated more openly with their parents. These findings suggest that the relational context in the family is an important protective factor and add specificity to the previously established role of parent-adolescent communication in adolescent psychosocial development. In terms of preventive interventions, strategies to enhance the family’s emotional climate should be considered prior to teaching specific parenting strategies.

Exploring the Direct and Indirect Family Effects on Adolescent Drug Use

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Effects ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
Peer Associations ◽  
Child Involvement ◽  
Family Variables ◽  
Parent Child

Research exploring the development of adolescent drug use has focused much attention on family and peer influences. Most of this research has concentrated on the direct effects of family structure, parent-child relations, or peer associations on marijuana and other illicit drug use. Peers typically have the greatest impact, followed by family relations, and finally family structure. However, research has failed to explore the potential indirect effects of family variables on adolescent drug use. The author develops and evaluates empirically several models that examine the direct and indirect effects of family structure and family relations on marijuana and polydrug use. The results suggest that peers have the strongest effect on adolescent drug use, yet parent-child involvement and family structure also have a direct effect. The indirect models indicate that family factors influence peers, and family structure affects family relations. These findings suggest that the family effects on adolescent drug use are complex and in need of greater attention.

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