Did you hear what she did to me? Female friendship victimization disclosures offer reputational advantages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Reynolds ◽  
Jaime Palmer-Hague
Keyword(s):  
Competition Strategy ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female Friendship ◽  
Male Perpetrators ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Lack Of Commitment ◽  
Male Friendships

Four studies (N = 1,653) tested the hypothesis that sensitivity to victimization in friendships is a mechanism through which women covertly transmit negative social information (gossip) about same-sex peers. In Study 1, women were more likely than men to question a same-sex friendship following violations denoting a friend’s lack of commitment or kindness. In Study 2, women were more likely than men to report disclosing such friendship violations to others. In Study 3, first-person disclosures about one’s own victimization were more trusted and approved than third-person disclosures about others’ victimization, suggesting such statements are not readily recognized as gossip. In Study 4a, men and women reported their female friends disclosed all types of friendship violations more frequently than did their male friends, but especially those surrounding commitment and replacement risk. In Study 4b, female perpetrators suffered worse reputational damage than did male perpetrators following divulgence of their poor treatment of same-sex friends. Taken together, these results suggest women disclose their victimization by same-sex friends, and such disclosures effectively impair same-sex peers’ reputations. These patterns raise the possibility that the greater fragility of female (versus male) friendships results, in part, from this effective, yet covert intrasexual competition strategy.

Heinous Crime or Unfortunate Incident: Does Gender Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-341
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Christabel L. Rogalin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Sociology Of Emotions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
Shared Beliefs ◽  
Male Perpetrators ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
Emotional Display ◽  
The Relationship

This study replicates and extends earlier investigations of emotional displays of an offender influencing jurors’ sentencing judgments through identity inference. Prior studies of this phenomenon used only male perpetrators. However, culturally shared beliefs about emotion are strongly gendered. Thus, we investigate how the perpetrator’s gender moderates the relationship between emotional displays and sentencing. Results replicate results of previous studies—this time, for both men and women. Furthermore, the effect of a perpetrator’s emotional display of distress on observers’ judgment of criminal identity is stronger for male than female perpetrators. We introduce the concept of the emotion-display premium to account for the greater benefits males receive for their display of particular emotions and discuss the implications of these results for social psychology and the sociology of emotions.

Same-Day Substance Use in Men and Women Charged With Felony Domestic Violence Offenses

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Friend ◽  
Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling ◽  
Bernard H. Eichold
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Perpetrators ◽  
Alcohol Involvement ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
Southern City ◽  
Archival Study

This archival study reviewed 196 closed felony domestic violence files from a large southern city from the years 1999—2006. The purpose was to provide information on the co-occurrence of substance use and intimate partner violence (IPV) for male and female perpetrators on the day of the violent incident. Results indicated that of the 141 of 196 cases in which there was documentation about drug or alcohol involvement, 67.4% ( n = 95) of the cases confirmed that there was drug or alcohol use on the day of the incident. Male perpetrators were significantly more likely to have been involved with alcohol and/or drugs the day of the violent episode than were female perpetrators. Sex of offender and race analyses revealed that the percentage of female IPV perpetrators (42.9%) was substantial and African Americans, particularly women, were overrepresented in IPV felony charges. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.

Sexual identity, sexual attraction and sexual experience: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Richters ◽  
Dennis Altman ◽  
Paul B. Badcock ◽  
Anthony M. A. Smith ◽  
Richard O. de Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex Attraction

Background Behavioural and other aspects of sexuality are not always consistent. This study describes the prevalence and overlap of same-sex and other-sex attraction and experience and of different sexual identities in Australia. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 20 094 men and women aged 16–69 years recruited by landline and mobile phone random-digit dialling with a response rate (participation rate among eligible people) of 66.2%. Respondents were asked about their sexual identity (‘Do you think of yourself as’ heterosexual/straight, homosexual/gay, bisexual, etc.) and the sex of people with whom they had ever had sexual contact and to whom they had felt sexually attracted. Results: Men and women had different patterns of sexual identity. Although the majority of people identified as heterosexual (97% men, 96% women), women were more likely than men to identify as bisexual. Women were less likely than men to report exclusively other-sex or same-sex attraction and experience; 9% of men and 19% of women had some history of same-sex attraction and/or experience. Sexual attraction and experience did not necessarily correspond. Homosexual/gay identity was more common among men with tertiary education and living in cities and less common among men with blue-collar jobs. Many gay men (53%) and lesbians (76%) had some experience with an other-sex partner. More women identified as lesbian or bisexual than in 2001–02. Similarly, more women reported same-sex experience and same-sex attraction. Conclusion: In Australia, men are more likely than women to report exclusive same-sex attraction and experience, although women are more likely than men to report any non-heterosexual identity, experience and attraction. Whether this is a feature of the plasticity of female sexuality or due to lesser stigma than for men is unknown.

Gender Anxiety

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Christine Downing
Keyword(s):  
Central Issue ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Roles ◽  
The Face ◽  
Inner Tension

Discusses how contemporary times may be characterized by confusions in sexual roles and that such confusions may lead to inner tension, fear, hostility, and isolation. Explores the nuances of modern gender anxiety and how many men and women turn to same-sex bonding in the face of the dilemmas. Concludes that the central issue is the acceptance of one's particularity and finitude and the reality of otherness.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress Transmission in Same-sex and Different-sex Marriages

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Behler ◽  
Rachel Donnelly ◽  
Debra Umberson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Purposive Sample

Ample work stresses the interdependence of spouses’ psychological distress and that women are more influenced by their spouse’s distress than men. Yet previous studies have focused primarily on heterosexual couples, raising questions about whether and how this gendered pattern might unfold for men and women in same-sex marriages. We analyze 10 days of diary data from a purposive sample of men and women in same-sex and different-sex marriages ( n = 756 individuals from 378 couples) to examine psychological distress transmission between spouses and how this process may differ for men and women in same-sex and different-sex marriages. We find that women are more strongly influenced by their partners’ distress than men, regardless of whether they are married to a man or a woman, and that this relationship is particularly strong for women with male spouses.

Communicative Doubt

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-139
Author(s):  
Méadhbh McIvor
Keyword(s):  
Good News ◽  
Church Members ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Christ Church ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
The Individual

This chapter studies the use of biblically inflected speech in political debate. It begins by examining the arguments raised by conservative Christian activists in their campaign to prevent the passage of the Marriage (Same-Sex Couples) Act 2013. Introducing the concept of 'communicative doubt', the chapter argues that there is a sense in which neither 'religious' nor 'secular' arguments are thought to be an appropriate means of conveying Biblical Truth to those who are not (yet) Christian, for what is needed is the intervention of a speaking God. It then explores this doubt as it manifested in the lives of two Christ Church members who had been involved in one of the Christian Legal Centre's earliest cases. Five years on, they remained unsure of whether or not it communicated the Good News they had hoped to share. These doubts, hesitations, and ambivalences speak to the contested place of public Christianity in contemporary England, and to the difficulties faced by those who insist that their faith must go public: the challenge of rendering Christianity legible not only to law and politics, but to the individual men and women who are subject to these worldly institutions.

Online news coverage of female perpetrators during the October 2015 wave of violence of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

2019 ◽  
pp. 175063521985763
Author(s):  
Amit Lavie-Dinur ◽  
Moran Yarchi ◽  
Yuval Karniel
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Online News ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Perpetrators ◽  
News Websites ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
Common Enemy ◽  
The Media

Based on the authors’ understanding regarding the effect of ethnocentric coverage, on one hand, and the tendency of the media to cover female perpetrators differently, on the other, the current study aimed to examine how leading Israeli news websites ( N = 1,832) covered female versus male perpetrators during the October 2015 wave of violence. Their goal was to examine if differences between the coverage of female and male perpetrators exist, or if all perpetrators are grouped together and depicted as a single common enemy. In other words, they sought to understand the intersection of two journalistic tendencies: (1) does the ethnocentric frame hold consistently, or (2) do gender considerations overpower the consistent ethnocentric frame? Findings indicate that there were significant differences in how male and female perpetrators were covered by the media. Articles regarding female perpetrators included more information about their personal, familial and mental states than for males. Moreover, more information was given regarding female perpetrators’ motives, which were mostly ideological. Unlike in previous studies, the authors failed to find an emphasis on female perpetrators’ physical appearance. A possible explanation may come from the dominance of the ethnic framing exemplified by the Israeli media.

Health Communication With Same-Sex and Other-Sex Friends in Emerging Adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-247
Author(s):  
Brian Ayotte ◽  
Clare Mehta ◽  
Jacqueline Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Promoting

Objective We examined health-related communication between same-sex and other-sex friends and how communication was related to health-related behavior. Participants Data from 243 emerging adults attending college ( Mage = 18.96, SD = 1.43; 55.6% male) were analyzed. Methods Participants completed measures assessing the frequency in which they talked about and made plans to engage in exercise and nutrition-related behaviors with friends, as well as how often they engaged in exercise and nutrition-related behaviors. Results In general, participants reported more health-related communication with same-sex friends. Health-related communication with same-sex friends was positively related to health behaviors for men and women. However, the pattern of results differed for men and women depending on the topic of communication and the behavior being examined. Conclusion Our study extends the literature by examining the role of sex of friends in health communication and planning and how interactions with friends relate to health-promoting behavior.

A Descriptive Analysis of College Students’ Experiences of Female-Perpetrated Sexual Assault

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-538
Author(s):  
Gianna Gambardella ◽  
Madeline Benz ◽  
Denise A. Hines ◽  
Kathleen M. Palm Reed
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Male Perpetrators ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Experienced Female

The current study sought to explore the experiences of college students who have experienced female-perpetrated sexual assault, and to compare their experiences to those of students assaulted by male perpetrators. A total of 11,165 college students across 11 years completed an online, anonymous survey measuring self-reports of sexual violence, context surrounding their victimization, help-seeking, and well-being. Of the students surveyed, 531 students reported experiencing sexual assault and identified both their own gender and the gender of their perpetrator, and 14% reported having experienced female-perpetrated sexual assault. Victims of female perpetrators were more likely to report their perpetrator being an (ex)intimate partner and less likely to be a stranger. Victims of female perpetrators were also more likely to report that their victimization involved their own drug use. Overall, victims of female-perpetrated sexual assault were less likely to tell anyone about their victimization, or to report to on- or off-campus resources. Finally, our findings suggest that victims of female perpetrators have comparable well-being to victims of male perpetrators. These finding contribute to the overall understanding of female-perpetrated sexual assault.

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