scholarly journals Flexible Concepts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Pecher ◽  
Rolf Antonius Zwaan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Nominal Classification ◽  
Insight Into

This is a commentary on Kemmerer (2016), Categories of object concepts across languages and brains: The relevance of nominal classification systems to Cognitive Neuroscience. The consequences of nominal classification systems for the organization of the conceptual system are consistent with several theories and findings in cognitive psychology. Concepts are flexible; they are categorized in various ways and change across contexts. Languages with nominal classification systems provide an interesting source of data that can give further insight into the mechanisms of flexible concepts.

Objects

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-114
Author(s):  
David Kemmerer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Subsequent Section ◽  
Nominal Classification

It is tempting to suppose that all languages represent objects in comparable ways. Typological research has shown, however, that while there are many cross-linguistic similarities in this semantic realm, there are also numerous differences. This chapter describes some of these findings and explores their implications for cognitive neuroscience. The first section discusses plant, animal, and artifact concepts jointly, but in a manner that still respects their different treatments by typologists and neuroscientists. Then the subsequent section focuses on a fourth domain, namely body parts. Next, the chapter considers some of the ways in which objects are represented by the following kinds of closed-class items and constructions: grammatical-semantic splits involving possession, and nominal classification systems. Although both of these forms of object representation have been intensively investigated in typology, they have been almost completely neglected in neuroscience; hence, they are especially relevant to the latter field of study.

Autobiographical Memory and the Self-Concept

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-212
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Grilli ◽  
Lee Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Core Self ◽  
Insight Into

Autobiographical memory plays a central role in one’s conceptualization of the self. It does so not only by storing the content of one’s life history, but also by providing the memories that are used to construct who we are and what we hope to become. Based on theories and evidence from cognitive neuroscience, the authors of this chapter discuss the contents and organization of autobiographical memory and the neural mechanisms that support the retrieval of autobiographical memories. They also cover core self-related functions served by this type of memory. The chapter closes by considering how the cognitive neuroscience of autobiographical memory and its self-related functions can provide insight into mechanisms of enduring change.

How to interface cognitive psychology with cognitive neuroscience?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Hannu Tiitinen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Cowan's analysis of human short-term memory (STM) and attention in terms of processing limits in the range of 4 items (or “chunks”) is discussed from the point of view of cognitive neuroscience. Although, Cowan already provides many important theoretical insights, we need to learn more about how to build further bridges between cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience.

Weather Forecasting by Humans—Heuristics and Decision Making

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Doswell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Weather Forecasters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Considerable Insight

Abstract The decision-making literature contains considerable information about how humans approach tasks involving uncertainty using heuristics. Although there is some reason to believe that weather forecasters are not identical in all respects to the typical subjects used in judgment and decision-making studies, there also is evidence that weather forecasters are not so different that the existing understanding of human cognition as it relates to making decisions is entirely inapplicable to weather forecasters. Accordingly, some aspects of cognition and decision making are reviewed and considered in terms of how they apply to human weather forecasters, including biases introduced by heuristics. Considerable insight into human forecasting could be gained by applying available studies of the cognitive psychology of decision making. What few studies exist that have used weather forecasters as subjects suggest that further work might well be productive in terms of helping to guide the improvement of weather forecasts by humans. It is concluded that a multidisciplinary approach, involving disciplines outside of meteorology, needs to be developed and supported if there is to be a future role for humans in forecasting the weather.

scholarly journals Joint action with iCub: a successful adaptation of a paradigm of cognitive neuroscience in HRI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Ebru Baykara ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Robots will soon enter social environments shared with humans. We need robots that are able to efficiently convey social signals during interactions. At the same time, we need to understand the impact of robots’ behavior on the human brain. For this purpose, human behavioral and neural responses to the robot behavior should be quantified offering feedback on how to improve and adjust robot behavior. Under this premise, our approach is to use methods of experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience to assess the human’s reception of a robot in human-robot interaction protocols. As an example of this approach, we report an adaptation of a classical paradigm of experimental cognitive psychology to a naturalistic human- robot interaction scenario. We show the feasibility of such an approach with a validation pilot study, which demonstrated that our design yielded a similar pattern of data to what has been previously observed in experiments within the area of cognitive psychology. Our approach allows for addressing specific mechanisms of human cognition that are elicited during human-robot interaction, and thereby, in a longer-term perspective, it will allow for designing robots that are well- attuned to the workings of the human brain.

Confucian Conceptions of Human Intelligence

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Pang ◽  
Amber Esping ◽  
Jonathan A. Plucker
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Western Theory ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Very High ◽  
Insight Into

The work of Confucius has been—and continues to be—part of the foundation of Chinese culture. Understanding his work provides insights into many aspects of Chinese societies, ranging from politics to the arts, from economies to education systems. The present article summarizes Confucius’ view of human intelligence, comparing and contrasting it with Western theory and research on related constructs. Confucius’ formulation encompassed qualities such as (a) the ability to identify areas of intelligence in others, (b) self-knowledge, (c) problem-solving skills, (d) verbal fluency, (e) the ability to think actively and flexibly, and (f) the capacity to make healthy personal decisions. Confucius and his followers also developed classification systems for categorizing individuals based on their intelligence. For average people, Confucius held an incremental view of intelligence that relied heavily on extensive study, inquiry, reflection, and transfer. For people with very high or very low intelligence, however, he saw intelligence as being determined by heaven or their inborn nature. A thorough understanding of Confucian conceptions of intelligence provides insight into the present-day study of intelligence within China.

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