scholarly journals Prenatal maternal infections and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: Findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽  
Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽  
MIchael Lombardo ◽  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
Bonnie Auyeung
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Prenatal Infections ◽  
The Uk

Aims: Studies have suggested that exposure to prenatal infections may be a risk factor in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism, but that its effects may differ by timing of exposure. Evidence on other psychiatric outcomes, however, is scarce and mixed. The aims of this study were to examine whether exposure to infections, at any point in gestation and during each trimester, is associated with increased odds of psychiatric disorders (pervasive developmental disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioural disorders and emotional disorders) at ages 7 and 14. Methods: Participants were n = 8859 mother and child pairs from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Exposure to prenatal infections was assessed for each trimester using maternal self-reports. Children’s psychiatric status was assessed using the parent-reported Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA). Logistic regressions were used to examine links between prenatal infections and child outcomes. Results: Half of the mothers reported an infection at some point during pregnancy and 7% of children were reported to have a psychiatric condition. Increased odds of children having any psychiatric disorder at age 14 were found in association with infections at any point during pregnancy, OR = 1.27 (95% CI 1.04, 1.55) and in the third trimester specifically, OR = 1.28 (95% CI 1.02, 1.61), after adjusting for the effects of potential confounds and other covariates. No other links were found in adjusted models. Conclusions: Findings suggest that associations between prenatal infections and children’s psychiatric disorders are weak to non-existent, after adjusting for the effects of other factors.

scholarly journals Mental and Behavioural Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Shyamanta Das ◽  
Soumitra Ghosh ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Bhuyan ◽  
Hiranya Saikia ◽  
Hiranya Kumar Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Disorder Type

Background: There is overlap of symptoms in psychiatric disorders, especially in mental and behavioural disorders of childhood and adolescence. Half of all lifetime psychiatric disorders tend to arise by age 14 years and three fourths of them arise by age 24 years. Aim: To study the various types of mental and behavioural disorders of childhood and adolescence, and to find out comorbidities within and across the types. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of one year in the psychiatry department of a tertiary care general hospital. The psychiatric diagnoses according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Health and Related Problems (ICD-10) were categorised into type 1 (depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and somatoform disorder), type 2 (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder), type 3 (mental retardation, developmental disorders of speech and language, and scholastic skills, and pervasive developmental disorders). Descriptive statistics was used with frequency and percentage. Results: Total sample size was 137. Children and adolescents were almost equally distributed. Boys were more than girls. Type 3 disorders were maximum. Adolescents had mostly type 1 disorders. Children had mostly type 3 disorders. Girls had almost same number of type 1 and type 3 disorders. Boys had mostly type 3 disorders. Within group comorbidity was mostly with type 3 disorders. Across group comorbidity was highest in type2-type 3 disorders. Conclusion: Mental and behavioural disorders in childhood and adolescence do vary according to age and sex, and their recognition will help in the early diagnosis and proper management.

Specific developmental disorders in childhood and adolescence

2012 ◽  
pp. 1622-1633
Author(s):  
Helmut Remschmidt ◽  
Gerd Schulte-Körne
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Education Today

The term ‘specific developmental disorders’ includes a variety of severe and persistent difficulties in spoken language, spelling, reading, arithmetic, and motor function. Skills are substantially below the expected level in terms of chronological age, measured intelligence, and age-appropriate education and cannot be explained by any obvious neurological disorder or any specific adverse psychosocial or family circumstances. As the deficits are quite substantial, analogies were initially made to neurological concepts and disorders such as word-blindness, alexia, aphasia, and apraxia, thus giving rise to the notion that neurological deficits are the aetiological basis of these disorders. Since this could not be demonstrated, the next step was to define the disorders in a more functional way, taking into account not only psychometric testing but also psychosocial risk factors and the quality of schooling and education. Today, numerous findings support the validity of the diagnostic concept of specific developmental disorders. These disorders and pervasive developmental disorders have the following features in common (ICD-10): ♦ An onset that invariably appears during infancy or childhood. ♦ An impairment or delay in the development of functions that are strongly related to biological maturation of the central nervous system. ♦ A steady course that does not involve the remissions and relapses that tend to be characteristic of many mental disorders. Thus the term ‘specific developmental disorders’ reflects the fact that the deficits are circumscribed and relatively isolated against the background of an otherwise undisturbed psychological functioning.

scholarly journals The Epidemiological Assessment of Lifestyle Impact on Childhood and Adolescence Psychiatric Disorders in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim Ostovar ◽  
Nourrollah Yadegari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Ali Khaleghi ◽  
Seyed-Ali Mostafav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
P Value ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Adolescent

Background: Children and adolescents are potentially at risk of different psychiatric disorders, and it is important to consider their health, especially their mental health. Objectives: We aimed to design a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between lifestyle-related components with the psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province (Iran) and to determine its association with different lifestyle-related variables. Methods: In this study, about 1000 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province were selected using stratified cluster random sampling. The reliable Persian version of Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and the Life Style Questionnaire (LSQ) were instructed using interviewing with participants by our clinical psychologists or, if they were under 14 years, with their parents. Besides, demographic data (i.e., gender, age, location, race, nation, and religion) of participants were also collected. Results: The results showed that, except for the physical activity and well-being, other remaining factors have a significant correlation with psychiatric disorders (P < 0.05). The exact p-value for each factor was as follow: physical health (P = 0.007), sports and well-being (P = 0.057), weight control and nutrition (P = 0.001), prevention of diseases (P = 0.04), mental health-cognitive (P = 0.05), spiritual health (P = 0.008), social health (P = 0.05), drug avoidance (P = 0.001), accident prevention (P = 0.02), and environmental health (P = 0.001). Also, we found that the overall effect of lifestyle was significantly associated with children and adolescent mental disorders (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings show a significant role for lifestyle in the children and adolescents psychiatric disorders. So it should be considered in more detail in future studies.

A Scale for Evaluating Emotional Disorders in Severely and Profoundly Mentally Retarded Persons Development of the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped (DASH) Scale

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny L. Matson ◽  
William I. Gardner ◽  
David A. Coe ◽  
Robert Sovner
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Symptom Frequency ◽  
Severely Handicapped

The DASH scale was used to assess 506 profoundly and severely mentally retarded persons (247 females and 259 males). The scale, covering 13 major psychiatric disorders, consists of 83 items derived from DSM–III–R as well as previously published studies of this population. Data were collected on symptom frequency, duration and severity in individual interviews with direct-care staff. Elimination and pervasive developmental disorders were most frequent, self-injurious behaviour disorders most severe. Most symptoms had been evident for at least a year. Inter-rater reliability was generally good.

Risperidone in the management of agitation and aggression associated with psychiatric disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Paul De Deyn ◽  
Jan Buitelaar
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Different Populations

AbstractObjectiveThis review provides an overview of the prevalence and treatment of agitation and aggression, and focuses on the use of risperidone to treat these symptoms in patients from different age groups.MethodsMEDLINE® and EMBASE® databases were used to identify controlled studies of risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behavior disorders and pervasive developmental disorders in pediatric patients, acute agitation or aggression in adults, and psychological and behavioral symptoms of dementia in the elderly. Additionally, key open-label, long-term trials assessing the efficacy and safety of risperidone were considered.ResultsThe results of the 19 double-blind studies identified showed that risperidone is effective in treating agitation and aggression in the different populations, regardless of age. The safety and tolerability of risperidone appear to be good overall but certain safety issues, such as a higher risk of cerebrovascular adverse events in the elderly with dementia, were highlighted.ConclusionsRisperidone is useful for treating aggression and agitation associated with various psychiatric disorders in patients from different age groups.

scholarly journals Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups across behavioural traits in children from the general population

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence J. Howe ◽  
A. Mesut Erzurumluoglu ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Santiago Rodriguez ◽  
Evie Stergiakouli
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Major Haplogroups

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and a number of sexually-dimorphic behavioural and psychiatric traits.MethodsThe study sample included 4,211 males and 4,009 females with mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and 4,788 males with Y chromosome haplogroups who are part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Different subsets of these populations were assessed using the Developmental and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), SCDC (Social and Communication Disorder Checklist) and Psychotic Like Symptom Interview (PLIKSi) as measures of behavioural and psychiatric traits. Logistic regression was used to measure the association between haplogroups and the traits above.ResultsWe found that the majority of behavioural traits in our cohort differed between males and females. However, Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA major haplogroups were not associated with any of the variables. In addition, secondary analyses of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA subgroups also showed no association.ConclusionY chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups are not associated with behavioural and psychiatric traits in a sample representative of the UK population.

scholarly journals Prenatal maternal depression symptoms and nutrition, and child cognitive function

2013 ◽  
Vol 203 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Barker ◽  
Natasha Kirkham ◽  
Jane Ng ◽  
Sarah K. G. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Birth Complications ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundLittle is currently known about how maternal depression symptoms and unhealthy nutrition during pregnancy may developmentally interrelate to negatively affect child cognitive function.AimsTo test whether prenatal maternal depression symptoms predict poor prenatal nutrition, and whether this in turn prospectively associates with reduced postnatal child cognitive function.MethodIn 6979 mother–offspring pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the UK, maternal depression symptoms were assessed five times between 18 weeks gestation and 33 months old. Maternal reports of the nutritional environment were assessed at 32 weeks gestation and 47 months old, and child cognitive function was assessed at age 8 years.ResultsDuring gestation, higher depressive symptoms were related to lower levels of healthy nutrition and higher levels of unhealthy nutrition, each of which in turn was prospectively associated with reduced cognitive function. These results were robust to postnatal depression symptoms and nutrition, as well as a range of potential prenatal and postnatal confounds (i.e. poverty, teenage mother, low maternal education, parity, birth complications, substance use, criminal lifestyle, partner cruelty towards mother).ConclusionsPrenatal interventions aimed at the well-being of children of parents with depression should consider targeting the nutritional environment.

scholarly journals Prenatal maternal infections and children’s socioemotional development: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽  
Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
Bonnie Auyeung
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Socioemotional Development ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Infections ◽  
Prenatal Infections ◽  
Uk Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Previous research suggests that prenatal maternal infections may be associated with increased odds of children having a neurodevelopmental disorder. However, little evidence exists on associations with broader child outcomes, especially subclinical symptoms. Participants were the N = 14,021 members of the population-representative UK Millennium Cohort Study. We examined associations between prenatal maternal infections, both maternal-reported and hospital-recorded, and children’s socioemotional development, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age three. Maternal-reported prenatal infections were associated with increased emotional symptoms, after adjusting for several potential confounds and covariates. Hospital-recorded prenatal infections were not associated with children’s socioemotional outcomes, after adjusting for potential confounding and covarying factors. Findings suggest that prenatal maternal infections, particularly those which the mothers remember months later, may be associated with increased emotional problems in early childhood. This emphasises the need for screening for and preventing infections during pregnancy. Further, the occurrence of prenatal infection indicates the potential need for early intervention for children’s emotional difficulties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document