scholarly journals Contrasting Living-Being and Machine Metaphors: Implications for Making Meaning of Human Experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Diekman ◽  
Heidi E. Williams ◽  
Heidi A. Vuletich ◽  
Joe Vuletich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
System Design ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Nonlinear Growth ◽  
Living Being

We delineate a framework for considering the differential implications of understanding human experience when invoking metaphors based on living, biological beings versus metaphors based on machines/technology. We consider the origins and expressions of machine metaphors as culturally dominant in the United States and Western Europe. Machine metaphorical frames differ from living-being metaphorical frames in assumptions about transformation, development, and decline; in expectations about source of motion or change; and in whether environment or season are seen as integral to experience or action. These features then carry consequences for how individuals make sense of their and others’ experiences. In particular, we highlight how understanding based on living, biological beings might result in different meanings attached to the purpose of activity, to pauses in activity or nonlinear growth, in variability across individuals, and in what discomfort signals. We close by considering the implications of these different metaphorical frames for system design, well-being, and group disparities in achievement. This review provides a framework for empirical research that examines the psychological consequences of these different frames.

The Functional Underclass

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Inner Cities

This chapter considers the nature and services of the so-called functional underclass. The underclass refers to individuals and families that do not share the comfortable well-being of the prototypical American. These people are concentrated in the centers of the great cities or, less visibly, on deprived farms, as rural migrant labor or in erstwhile mining communities. The underclass is deeply functional; all industrial countries have one in greater or lesser measure and in one form or another. The chapter first examines how the need to keep some part of the underclass in continued and deferential subjection is resolved in Western Europe before focusing on immigrants belonging to the functional underclass. It also explores the role of the functional underclass in capitalism, resentment and social unrest among those in the functional underclass, and the continuing threat of underclass social disorder, crime and conflict in the inner cities of the United States.

scholarly journals Risk and Resilience in Minority Youth Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-163
Author(s):  
Amy K. Marks ◽  
G. Alice Woolverton ◽  
Cynthia García Coll
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Health And Well Being

This review presents current theory and empirical research that address the interplay between risk and resilience processes among minority youth in the United States. To move the clinical sciences forward in their research and treatment approaches to solving minority–majority health and well-being disparities, ecological, intersectional, and emic (within-group) approaches must be adopted. We discuss the consequences of systematic oppression and marginalization for children in the United States, focusing primarily on research regarding xenophobia, discrimination, and racism. Lastly, we provide examples of recent interventions that take emic approaches to closing minority–majority gaps in developmental outcomes.

Dialectical Thinking and Psychological Well-Being in Morocco, China, and the United States

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassidy Bibo ◽  
Julie Spencer-Rodgers ◽  
Benaissa Zarhbouch ◽  
Mostafa Bouanini ◽  
Kaiping Peng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dialectical Thinking ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Anne O. Krueger, Constantine Michalopoulos and Vernon W. Ruttan. Aid and Development. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1989. xiv + 386 pp.Price: U.S. $ 52.00

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Foreign aid has been the subject of much examination and research ever since it entered the economic armamentarium approximately 45 years ago. This was the time when the Second World War had successfully ended for the Allies in the defeat of Germany and Japan. However, a new enemy, the Soviet Union, had materialized at the end of the conflict. To counter the threat from the East, the United States undertook the implementation of the Marshal Plan, which was extremely successful in rebuilding and revitalizing a shattered Western Europe. Aid had made its impact. The book under review is by three well-known economists and is the outcome of a study sponsored by the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development. The major objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of assistance, i.e., aid, on economic development. This evaluation however, was to be based on the existing literature on the subject. The book has five major parts: Part One deals with development thought and development assistance; Part Two looks at the relationship between donors and recipients; Part Three evaluates the use of aid by sector; Part Four presents country case-studies; and Part Five synthesizes the lessons from development assistance. Part One of the book is very informative in that it summarises very concisely the theoretical underpinnings of the aid process. In the beginning, aid was thought to be the answer to underdevelopment which could be achieved by a transfer of capital from the rich to the poor. This approach, however, did not succeed as it was simplistic. Capital transfers were not sufficient in themselves to bring about development, as research in this area came to reveal. The development process is a complicated one, with inputs from all sectors of the economy. Thus, it came to be recognized that factors such as low literacy rates, poor health facilities, and lack of social infrastructure are also responsible for economic backwardness. Part One of the book, therefore, sums up appropriately the various trends in development thought. This is important because the book deals primarily with the issue of the effectiveness of aid as a catalyst to further economic development.

The link between coronavirus, anxiety, and religious beliefs in the United States and United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Rigoli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
The Impact

Research has shown that stress impacts on people’s religious beliefs. However, several aspects of this effect remain poorly understood, for example regarding the role of prior religiosity and stress-induced anxiety. This paper explores these aspects in the context of the recent coronavirus emergency. The latter has impacted dramatically on many people’s well-being; hence it can be considered a highly stressful event. Through online questionnaires administered to UK and USA citizens professing either Christian faith or no religion, this paper examines the impact of the coronavirus crisis upon common people’s religious beliefs. We found that, following the coronavirus emergency, strong believers reported higher confidence in their religious beliefs while non-believers reported increased scepticism towards religion. Moreover, for strong believers, higher anxiety elicited by the coronavirus threat was associated with increased strengthening of religious beliefs. Conversely, for non-believers, higher anxiety elicited by the coronavirus thereat was associated with increased scepticism towards religious beliefs. These observations are consistent with the notion that stress-induced anxiety enhances support for the ideology already embraced before a stressful event occurs. This study sheds light on the psychological and cultural implications of the coronavirus crisis, which represents one of the most serious health emergencies in recent times.

Consular Protection and Solidarity across Borders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Délano Alonso
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
Working Together

This chapter demonstrates how Latin American governments with large populations of migrants with precarious legal status in the United States are working together to promote policies focusing on their well-being and integration. It identifies the context in which these processes of policy diffusion and collaboration have taken place as well as their limitations. Notwithstanding the differences in capacities and motivations based on the domestic political and economic contexts, there is a convergence of practices and policies of diaspora engagement among Latin American countries driven by the common challenges faced by their migrant populations in the United States and by the Latino population more generally. These policies, framed as an issue of rights protection and the promotion of migrants’ well-being, are presented as a form of regional solidarity and unity, and are also mobilized by the Mexican government as a political instrument serving its foreign policy goals.

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