Inter-relations between ethnic-racial discrimination and ethnic-racial identity among early adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Del Toro ◽  
Diane Hughes ◽  
niobe way
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
One Year ◽  
Public Regard

We examined whether the longitudinal inter-relation between discrimination and identity varies according to the perpetrator of discrimination. We used three waves of data from early adolescents (n = 387; ages 11-12 at Wave 1) to assess the strength and direction of relations between perceived discrimination from adults and peers vis-à-vis ethnic-racial identity exploration, commitment, private regard, and public regard. Cross-lagged autoregressive path analyses showed that more frequent discrimination, regardless of source, had reciprocal and significant longitudinal inter-relations with exploration and public regard. Peer discrimination predicted lower commitment and private regard one year later, whereas adult discrimination did not. We discuss the implications of these findings as they relate to the role of peers and ethnic-racial identity processes during early adolescence.

scholarly journals Racial Identity, Racial Discrimination, and Classroom Engagement Outcomes Among Black Girls and Boys in Predominantly Black and Predominantly White School Districts

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1318-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seanna Leath ◽  
Channing Mathews ◽  
Asya Harrison ◽  
Tabbye Chavous
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Public Regard

This study examined the associations among racial identity beliefs (centrality and public regard), racial discrimination, and academic engagement outcomes among 1,659 African American adolescents across two demographically distinct school districts, one predominantly Black, working class ( n = 1,100) and one predominantly White, middle class ( n = 559). Across these districts, the youths reported that race was a central aspect of their identity and demonstrated varying levels of public regard. Racial discrimination was negatively associated with academic curiosity and persistence, but this effect was moderated by gender and racial identity. Our findings demonstrate the harmful influence of discrimination on the academic engagement of African American adolescents and the protective roles of racial identity beliefs across gender and school racial contexts.

scholarly journals The Role of Racial Identity and Implicit Racial Bias in Self-Reported Racial Discrimination: Implications for Depression Among African American Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 789-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Chae ◽  
Wizdom A. Powell ◽  
Amani M. Nuru-Jeter ◽  
Mia A. Smith-Bynum ◽  
Eleanor K. Seaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Implicit Racial Bias

Popularity in the Peer Group and Victimization Within Friendship Cliques During Early Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanna M. Closson ◽  
Lori Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Relational Victimization ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Vulnerability Factor

Victimization has been primarily studied within the broader peer group, leaving other potentially important contexts, such as friendship cliques, unexplored. This study examined the role of popularity in identifying protective factors that buffer against victimization within early adolescents’ ( N = 387) friendship cliques. Previously identified protective factors that buffer against victimization within the broader peer group were examined as moderators in the link between popularity and victimization within the friendship clique. Results showed that peer-group features operated as either vulnerability or protective factors, depending upon popularity, gender, and the form of victimization. At higher levels of popularity, receiving social support from clique members operated as a vulnerability factor for overt victimization, whereas preference served a protective function. Prosocial behavior directed toward clique members was protective against relational victimization for girls who were higher in popularity, but was a vulnerability factor for boys who were higher in popularity.

Co-occurrence of depressive moods and delinquency in early adolescence: The role of failure expectations, manipulativeness, and social contexts

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geertjan Overbeek ◽  
Gretchen Biesecker ◽  
Margaret Kerr ◽  
Håkan Stattin ◽  
Wim Meeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Combined Failure ◽  
Negative Interactions

This study examined the co-occurrence of depression and delinquency in early adolescents, focusing on longitudinal associations with failure expectations and manipulativeness, and on perceptions of relationships with parents, school and teachers, and peers. Data were used from 1,059 Swedish adolescents aged 13 to 15, who participated in 2 waves (T1–1998; T2–2000) of an ongoing longitudinal research. Results showed that depression and delinquency co-occurred in about 9% of respondents, and that depression and delinquency followed separate developments throughout early adolescence. Development of co-occurring depression and delinquency was positively linked to a later constellation of high failure expectations and manipulativeness across a 2-year period. Additionally, the development of combined failure expectations and manipulativeness was positively linked to a later co-occurrence of depression and delinquency across a 2-year period. Further, the cooccurrence of depression and delinquency was predicted by lower-quality relationships with parents and negative attitudes towards school and teachers, whereas a constellation of high failure expectations and manipulativeness was linked to earlier negative interactions with parents and feeling isolated from peers.

scholarly journals Disrupting the Behavioral Health Consequences of Racial Discrimination: A Longitudinal Investigation of Racial Identity Profiles and Alcohol-Related Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-717
Author(s):  
Riana Elyse Anderson ◽  
Daniel B. Lee ◽  
Meredith O. Hope ◽  
Kyle Nisbeth ◽  
Kiana Bess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Black People ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Black African ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Public Regard

Researchers have documented the negative associations between racial discrimination and alcohol use for young Black people, yet fewer researchers have examined these associations longitudinally and with racial identity as a protective factor. We use data from the Flint Adolescent Study (465 Black/African Americans) to investigate the relationship between discrimination and alcohol-related problems over time, and how that relationship differs with varying trajectories of racial identity (i.e., private and public regard). Among those reporting persistently moderate levels of private regard and high levels of public regard in late adolescence through emerging adulthood, increases in racial discrimination were associated with increases in alcohol-related problems over time. Findings suggest that regard for one’s racial group may function protectively in the health strategies employed in response to discriminatory events. More longitudinal research is needed to delineate how varying racial pride operates with regard to long-term discrimination and behavioral health.

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