Is it important to overcome motor problems of elementary school-age students?

The purpose of writing this article is to find out about the importance of overcoming motor problems of elementary school-aged students. The method used is a literature review study. Impaired motor development can cause learning difficulties. This will have an impact on students such as low scores, low achievement, and difficulties in learning. In addition to matters related to academics, students usually feel embarrassed or make other friends feel annoyed and uncomfortable. Seeing the impact caused by motor problems can interfere with the learning process of children, it requires intervention from the school, especially by teachers who interact more intensively with children. Motor problems experienced by elementary school students certainly require intervention, as an initial screening to find out problems that may be experienced by students, it is necessary to do a universal intervention. This universal intervention is an intervention given to students whose problems at first are not known. Four aspects can benefit from optimizing the development of children's motor skills. The four aspects are the child's physiological, emotional, cognitive, and social. Other benefits are also grouped based on the optimization of fine and gross motor skills. Recommendations for future research to examine more deeply the motor problems of elementary school-aged students, so that the right method can be found to overcome them.

LA PREVENZIONE DEL CYBERBULLISMO A SCUOLA. UN APPROCCIO A MOLTEPLICI LIVELLI

Il contributo propone la definizione di un modello a molteplici livelli per la prevenzione e l’intervento sul cyberbullismo, che include il piano della promozione della salute, della prevenzione di comportamenti a rischio (universale, selettiva e indicata), del trattamento dei potenziali disturbi conseguenti, fino alla riabilitazione. Dopo l’approfondimento della definizione del fenomeno del cyberbullismo e del quadro teorico attuale volto alla spiegazione del fenomeno, il contributo analizza la letteratura internazionale e nazionale sugli interventi evidence-based di prevenzione del fenomeno. In accordo al modello a molteplici livelli, il contributo mostrerà come interventi di prevenzione universale siano efficaci solo in alcuni casi e solo per alcuni bambini e adolescenti, mentre per altre situazioni di maggior rischio necessitino interventi più consistenti e continuativi nel tempo e con componenti specifiche. In the current article the definition of a multi-tired model for the prevention of cyberbullying is proposed. This model includes the level of health promotion, the level of prevention differentiated in universal, selective and indicated prevention, the level of treatment of possible consequent problem behaviors or symptoms, and finally the level of rehabilitation. Starting with an updated review of the literature about the definition of cyberbullying and about the theoretical models of explanation, the article will focus on the issue of evidence-based interventions at an international and national level. According to a multi-tired approach, the moderators of the efficacy of the main universal intervention will be analysed, stressing the need to integrate more intensive and individualized interventions.