scholarly journals Forensic Feature-Comparison Expertise: Statistical Learning Facilitates Visual Comparison Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Growns ◽  
Kristy Martire
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Visual Comparison ◽  
Distributional Information ◽  
Distributional Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Forensic feature-comparison examiners in select disciplines are more accurate than novices when comparing visual evidence samples. This paper examines a key cognitive mechanism that may contribute to this superior visual comparison performance: the ability to learn how often stimuli occur in the environment (distributional statistical learning). We examined the relation-ship between distributional learning and visual comparison performance, and the impact of training about the diagnosticity of distributional information in visual comparison tasks. We compared performance between novices given no training (uninformed novices; n = 32), accu-rate training (informed novices; n = 32) or inaccurate training (misinformed novices; n = 32) in Experiment 1; and between forensic examiners (n = 26), informed novices (n = 29) and unin-formed novices (n = 27) in Experiment 2. Across both experiments, forensic examiners and nov-ices performed significantly above chance in a visual comparison task where distributional learning was required for high performance. However, informed novices outperformed all par-ticipants and only their visual comparison performance was significantly associated with their distributional learning. It is likely that forensic examiners’ expertise is domain-specific and doesn’t generalise to novel visual comparison tasks. Nevertheless, diagnosticity training could be critical to the relationship between distributional learning and visual comparison performance.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES ON COENZYME Q10 PLASMA CONCENTRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
V. I. Zozina ◽  
E. S. Melnikov ◽  
L. M. Krasnykh ◽  
O. A. Goroshko ◽  
V. G. Kukes
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Diseases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Coenzyme Q10 plays an important role in the human body. Its main function is not only the transfer of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain for the ATP synthesis, but it is also one of the most powerful antioxidants in the body.The aim of research is to monitor the relationship between cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in the blood plasma.Materials and methods. Coenzyme Q10 was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.Results and discussion. During the study, it was found that the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in plasma is affected not only by the main diseases, but also by comorbidities, as well as by the therapy. A sharp decrease in plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration was noted in patients with cardiovascular pathologies, especially in those with concomitant endocrine diseases. Also, it was recorded a decrease in the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in the plasma of patients with pneumonia. Conclusion. During the experiment, the coenzyme Q10 concentration was found to be dependent on cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.

New Developments in and Directions for Goal-Setting Research

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Latham ◽  
Edwin A. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Goal setting is an “open” theory built on inductive findings from empirical research. The present paper briefly summarizes this theory. Emphasis is then given to findings that have been obtained in the present millennium with regard to (1) the high performance cycle, (2) the role of goals as mediators of personality effects on performance, (3) personality variables as moderators of goal effects on performance, the effect of (4) distal, (5) proximal, and (6) learning goals on performance on tasks that are complex for people, (7) the ways in which priming affects the impact of a goal, (8) the interrelationship between goal setting and affect, and (9) the results of goal setting by teams. Potential directions for research on goal setting in the workplace are suggested with regard to goal abandonment, perfectionism, an employee's age, subconscious goals, and the relationship between goals and knowledge.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: THE MODERATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oppong Peprah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
High Performance Work Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper investigates the impact that High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS) have on Employee Engagement and the moderating effect of Organizational Justice on this relationship. Research methodology – By the usage of a quantitative research method, data gathered from 251 employees of Professional Service firms are analysed with SPSS. Findings – This study found that there is a positive relationship between HPWS and Employee Engagement. It also found that Organizational Justice moderates the relationship between the two. Research limitations – Data was only gathered at the employee level making the interpretation of HPWS to be how employees perceive it. Hence a further study at the firm level as well as cross-sectional analyses will be needed in the future. Practical implications – Management of firms should avoid a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach in the administration of HR policies and should rather encourage tailor-made treatment for individual employees of the firm. Unfairness is encouraged if the firm is after employee engagement. Originality/Value – This study is one of the first to investigate the moderating effect of organizational justice on the relationship between HPWS and employee engagement and the first to advice firm managers to be unfair in their dealings with individual employees

Critical Application to the Concept of Formal and Authority Becoming a New Concept of Talent Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Juan Nicolas Montoya Monsalve
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Performance Practices ◽  
Business Objects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to analyze the concept of formal authority in organizations, using a theoretical discussion of its components, their mainstreaming in the administrative process, and its effect on the proactive development of business objects, pretending to determine if this variable is proactive or not, in the development of high performance practices in Human Resource Management, and whether or not a restriction, for people to become their strategic base and/or competitive. We also try, from a case study to determine the effect of expression authority in non-hierarchical designs, the effects of structural position in organizations, the impact of leadership, the relationship of structures and the charges regarding the successes and achievements of the organization, the effect on intra-relationships and communication, imposing, authoritarian, non-cooperation with the lack of consistency with individual purposes, mission and Provisional Record, the continium of bad decisions, relationship with management and control, and finally connect all these elements with the current organizational individuals, immersed in a knowledge society.

scholarly journals Are UK SMEs with active web sites more likely to achieve both innovation and growth?

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piers Thompson ◽  
Robert Williams ◽  
Brychan Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Site Development ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Barriers To Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the impact of developing more active web sites and increasing e-commerce on the relationship between innovation and growth performance in SMEs. Using the existing literature and empirical analysis the study seeks to consider the potential of engagement with the internet to achieve the often hard to attain ambition of both innovation and growth. Design/methodology/approach – In order to examine the relationship, data are drawn from the Federation of Small Businesses' Lifting the Barriers to Growth Survey. In order to establish whether the use of more sophisticated web sites are associated with being an innovative high performance business, while controlling for other firm and entrepreneurial characteristics, multivariate analysis in the form of multinominal logits and discriminant function analysis are utilised. Findings – The results suggest that although theoretically web sites with tools allowing interaction with customers or suppliers could benefit SMEs through a reduction in transaction costs and wider access to information, enabling them to jointly experience innovation and growth, in practice there is less evidence that this occurs. Those firms with active web sites are more likely to be innovative, but less likely to be both innovative and achieving growth. Research limitations/implications – The paper suggests a framework for analysing the impact of e-business at process level that can be used with other SME case studies. Practical implications – These results suggest that further work must be undertaken to establish whether SMEs should be encouraged to make such investments and if so what additional help is required to ensure that investments in this digital infrastructure achieves an appropriate return on investment. Originality/value – The results are of importance to both SMEs and policy makers providing insight into the nature of potential benefits from web site development using a large dataset. A clear need to investigate further how more innovative SMEs can benefit from company web sites and ecommerce to grow is identified.

Do organisational culture and national culture mediate the relationship between high-performance human resource management practices and organisational citizenship behaviour?

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1179-1197
Author(s):  
Pamela Lockhart ◽  
Nusrat Khan Shahani ◽  
Ramudu Bhanugopan
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
National Culture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Resource Management Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of high-performance human resource management practices (HPHRMPs) on organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and the influences of national culture (NC) and organisational culture (OC) on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachUsing a self-administered survey, data were collected from a sample of 420 public sector employees. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis.FindingsThe findings of this study offer new insights into the ability to improve OCB through greater consideration of NC and OC in the design of HPHRMP. The results indicated that NC fully mediates the relationship between HPHRMP and OCB, whilst OC has a partial mediating influence.Research limitations/implicationsHPHRMP includes a wide variety of functional areas; however, this study has only examined three (reward management, performance appraisal and promotion practices) and contributes to understanding the importance of institutional theory in HRM.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the need for HR professionals to ensure that they consider the impact of cultural differences (national and organisational) on how these HR practices will be perceived by employees.Originality/valueThe present study seeks to extend research into the link between cultural context and HPHRMP and posits that culture plays a crucial role in this relationship.

scholarly journals Impact of Building Design Parameters on Daylighting Metrics Using an Analysis, Prediction, and Optimization Approach Based on Statistical Learning Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewook Lee ◽  
Mohamed Boubekri ◽  
Feng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Daylighting metrics are used to predict the daylight availability within a building and assess the performance of a fenestration solution. In this process, building design parameters are inseparable from these metrics; therefore, we need to know which parameters are truly important and how they impact performance. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between building design attributes and existing daylighting metrics based on a new methodology we are proposing. This methodology involves statistical learning. It is an emerging methodology that helps us to analyze a large quantity of output data and the impact of a large number of design variables. In particular, we can use these statistical methodologies to analyze which features are important, which ones are not, and the type of relationships they have. Using these techniques, statistical models may be created to predict daylighting metric values for different building types and design solutions. In this article we will outline how this methodology works, and analyze the building design features that have the strongest impact on daylighting performance.

The impact of high-performance work systems on firm performance: The moderating effects of the human resource function’s influence

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Yong Jeong ◽  
Myungweon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
High Performance Work Systems ◽  
Hr Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWith data collected from 632 manufacturing firms in South Korea, we investigated (1) the relationship between high-performance work systems (HPWSs) and firm performance, and (2) the moderating effect of the human resource (HR) function’s influence on the relationship between HPWSs and firm performance. Our findings showed the existence of both the main effect of HPWSs, supporting the universalistic perspective, and the moderating effect of the HR function’s influence, supporting the contingency perspective. Based on the findings, we concluded that HPWSs can be regarded as universal or best practices; at the same time, the presence of an influential HR function may intensify the effect of HPWSs on firm performance. This study contributes to the debate over the respective merits of the universalistic and contingency perspectives by showing that the two perspectives are not necessarily incompatible; rather, they can be complementary.

An empirical examination of the relationship between skills shortage and firm performance: The role of high-performance work systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-710
Author(s):  
Amina R. Malik ◽  
Laxmikant Manroop ◽  
Pankaj C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
High Performance Work Systems ◽  
Skills Shortage ◽  
Skills Shortages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThere has been growing scholarly interest in the relationship between high-performance work systems and firm performance. Yet, limited research attention has been given to the impact of high-performance work systems on firm performance during skills shortages. In this study, we empirically examine the influence of high-performance work systems on firm performance in the midst of skills shortages. Results from a study of 211 US firms with 50 or more employees demonstrate that internal skills shortages are not related to firm profitability. Findings further show that the use of high-performance work systems is more detrimental to firm performance for firms when they face an internal skills shortage. These results are discussed and future research directions are offered.

The Mix Design Method and Performance for C60 Concrete Poles with High Strength, Impermeability and Frost Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Hai Jun Xing ◽  
Xin Tuo Hou ◽  
Bin Rong Zhu ◽  
Zi Fu Zhang ◽  
Zhen Fu Li
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Design Method ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In corrosive soils areasand extremely cold regions,high performance is required inthe impermeability and frost resistanceof concrete poles. In this paper, the mix design of C60 high performance concrete and the relationship between mix parameters and performance is studied and analyzed ,and the influence of the water-cement ratio, the amount of cementation materials, the mineral admixtures and other factors on High Performance Concrete is discussed, as well as the impact of different admixtures for concrete. According to the analysis results, the concrete mix is designed and used in practice.

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