scholarly journals Impact of Building Design Parameters on Daylighting Metrics Using an Analysis, Prediction, and Optimization Approach Based on Statistical Learning Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewook Lee ◽  
Mohamed Boubekri ◽  
Feng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Daylighting metrics are used to predict the daylight availability within a building and assess the performance of a fenestration solution. In this process, building design parameters are inseparable from these metrics; therefore, we need to know which parameters are truly important and how they impact performance. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between building design attributes and existing daylighting metrics based on a new methodology we are proposing. This methodology involves statistical learning. It is an emerging methodology that helps us to analyze a large quantity of output data and the impact of a large number of design variables. In particular, we can use these statistical methodologies to analyze which features are important, which ones are not, and the type of relationships they have. Using these techniques, statistical models may be created to predict daylighting metric values for different building types and design solutions. In this article we will outline how this methodology works, and analyze the building design features that have the strongest impact on daylighting performance.

Investigation on Impact Performance of Light-Weight Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Panels

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 949-953
Author(s):  
Iwakawa Yutaka ◽  
Takahisa Machida ◽  
Mitsuo Kobayashi ◽  
Jian Mei He
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich Composite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the relationship between the impact performances of light-weight honeycomb sandwich composite panels with design parameters like panel cores and face’s thicknesses and materials, honeycomb foil thickness and cell size etc. are experimentally evaluated through the spindle falling tests. Analytical approaches are also carried out to confirm the validity of the experiments based on 3D modeling and using ANSYS LS-DYNA software. Comparisons of the experimental and analytical results are reported in this study.

scholarly journals Forensic Feature-Comparison Expertise: Statistical Learning Facilitates Visual Comparison Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Growns ◽  
Kristy Martire
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Visual Comparison ◽  
Distributional Information ◽  
Distributional Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Forensic feature-comparison examiners in select disciplines are more accurate than novices when comparing visual evidence samples. This paper examines a key cognitive mechanism that may contribute to this superior visual comparison performance: the ability to learn how often stimuli occur in the environment (distributional statistical learning). We examined the relation-ship between distributional learning and visual comparison performance, and the impact of training about the diagnosticity of distributional information in visual comparison tasks. We compared performance between novices given no training (uninformed novices; n = 32), accu-rate training (informed novices; n = 32) or inaccurate training (misinformed novices; n = 32) in Experiment 1; and between forensic examiners (n = 26), informed novices (n = 29) and unin-formed novices (n = 27) in Experiment 2. Across both experiments, forensic examiners and nov-ices performed significantly above chance in a visual comparison task where distributional learning was required for high performance. However, informed novices outperformed all par-ticipants and only their visual comparison performance was significantly associated with their distributional learning. It is likely that forensic examiners’ expertise is domain-specific and doesn’t generalise to novel visual comparison tasks. Nevertheless, diagnosticity training could be critical to the relationship between distributional learning and visual comparison performance.

scholarly journals Numerical research on impact performance of bridge columns with aluminum foam protection devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014772097453
Author(s):  
Yuye Zhang ◽  
Ruiyang Pan ◽  
Feng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Bridge Columns ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Protection Device ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Protection Capability ◽  
The Impact

This article presents a new protection device using aluminum foam to enhance the impact resistance of bridge columns. First, the protection device is designed according to the characteristics of aluminum foam material. The geometric configuration and structure of the device are described. Second, the impact performance of bridge column is analyzed, including impact force analysis, damage analysis, and the influence of axial load. Third, three-dimensional solid element models of columns with and without the protection device are developed in order to verify the effect of the protection device. By comparing dynamic responses of vehicle impact on columns with and without the protection device, it is considered that the protection device has certain protection effect: after installing the protective device, the peak value of impact force reduces by 37.5%, the maximum displacement of column top reduces by 23.7%, the maximum stress at column bottom reduces by 51.6%, the maximum stress at column bottom reduces by 51.6%, the maximum acceleration of the vehicle reduces by 40.6%, and 86.84% of the impact energy is absorbed by the protection device. Finally, the devices with different foam thicknesses and porosities are comparatively analyzed to investigate the influence of these design parameters on impact performance. The results show that the increase in the thickness of aluminum foam has positive effects on the protection capability. The protection capability improves with aluminum foam porosity increasing when the porosity is less than 60%.

A Scoping Review of the Impact on Children of the Built Environment Design Characteristics of Healing Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
H. Gaminiesfahani ◽  
M. Lozanovska ◽  
R. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare ◽  
The Impact

Aim: This article elucidates current understanding in pediatric healthcare building design via scoping review of research on the impacts on the health and well-being of children of the architectural and landscape characteristics of healing spaces. Background: Studies indicate that patients’ phenomenological experiences of the built environment characteristics of healthcare buildings can impact their healing and well-being. It follows that understanding the healing effects of landscape and architecture can inform the design of healthcare settings for increased health benefits. Method: This method comprises five search stages: (1) research question is formed; (2) key words, search terms, and search strategy are identified; (3) databases are searched, and papers are assessed via inclusion and exclusion criteria; (4) information of the selected articles is extracted and summarized; and (5) key findings are interpreted and reported via comparative tabulation. Results: One hundred seventy-three papers were found during the first search stage. After screening and evaluating for relevance and quality, 13 articles were selected for study. Analysis indicates that the built environment characteristics of pediatric healthcare environments that have healing benefits include access to nature, music, art and natural light, reduced crowding, reduced noise, and soft, cyclical, and user-controlled artificial lighting. Conclusions: While it is important to understand the design variables that influence pediatric healthcare, it is also necessary to contextualize them and to distinguish these variables from each other and appreciate their interaction. In other words, a more rounded understanding of these variables is required via research so that their individual and combined impacts are reflected in holistic design recommendations.

scholarly journals Negative self-appraisal mediates the relationship between mindfulness and confidence among adolescent female provincial hockey players in South Africa

10.17159/4371 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Stephen Walker
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Mounting evidence suggests that mindfulness is positively related to athletic performance and athlete wellbeing. However, few attempts have been made to uncover the psychological processes by which mindfulness might impact performance. Objective: To determine whether negative self-appraisal mediates the relationship between mindfulness and the confidence component of mental toughness among provincial adolescent female hockey players. Methods: Provincial adolescent female hockey players (N=486) completed measures of mindfulness, mental toughness-related confidence and negative self-appraisal. Correlation coefficients were calculated between all variables included in the study. An ordinary least-squares regression analysis was performed to test the indirect effect of negative self-appraisal on the relationship between mindfulness and confidence. Results: Negative self-appraisal exhibited an indirect effect on the relationship between mindfulness and the confidence component of mental toughness (b = .06, SE = .0, CI95 = .04, .09). A subsequent Soble test confirmed that negative self-appraisal served as a statistically significant mediator (b = .06, SE = .01, Z = 5.76, p = .001) in the model. Furthermore 78.3% of the variance in the effect of mindfulness on the confidence component of mental toughness was accounted for by negative self-appraisal. Conclusion: The effect of mindfulness on the confidence component of mental toughness among adolescent athletes is mediated by negative self-appraisal. Based on the current findings, mindfulness seems to foster confidence by lessening the impact of rigid negative appraisals of one’s performance and worth as an athlete. Keywords: mindfulness, confidence, negative self-appraisal, mediation, adolescent female athlete

Modeling, Analysis, and Function Extension of the McKibben Hydraulic Artificial Muscles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqing Chen ◽  
He Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Soft Robots ◽  
The Law ◽  
Soft Actuators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Compared with rigid robots, flexible robots have soft and extensible bodies enforcing their abilities to absorb shock and vibration, hence reducing the impact of probable collisions. Due to their high adaptability and minimally invasive features, soft robots are used in various fields. The McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles are the most popular soft actuator because of the controllability of hydraulic actuator and high force to weight ratio. When its deformation reaches a certain level, the actuators can be stopped automatically without any other braking mechanism. The research of McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles is beneficial to the theoretical analysis of soft actuators in the mechanical system. The design of soft actuators with different deformations promotes the development of soft robots. In this paper, a static modeling of the McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles is established, and its correctness is verified by theoretical analysis and experiment. In this model, the deformation mechanism of the artificial muscle and the law of output force is put forward. The relationship between muscle pressure, load, deformation, and muscle design parameters is presented through the mechanical analysis of the braid, elastic tube, and sealed-end. The law of the muscle deformation with high pressure is predicted. The reason for the muscle’s tiny elongation with extremely high pressure is found through the analysis of the relationship between the angle of the braid, the length of single braided thread, and the pressure. With the increase of pressure, the angle of the braid tends to a fixed value. As the stress of braided thread increases, so does its length. The length changes obviously when the stress is extremely enormous. The angle of the braid and the length of the braided thread control the deformation of artificial muscles, resulting in a slight lengthening with extreme high pressure. Under normal pressure, the length of the braided wire is negligible, so that the entire muscle becomes shorter. According to the modeling and theoretical analysis, a new McKibben hydraulic artificial muscle that can elongate under normal rising pressure is designed. This artificial muscle can grow longer with pressure increases, eventually reaching its maximum length. During this time, its diameter barely changes. Its access pressure is higher than that of conventional elongated artificial muscles. Through experiments, the relationship between the muscle deformation, pressure, and load still conform to this theoretical model. This model can be used for the control of soft actuators and the design of new soft robots. This extensional McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles and the conventional McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles can be used in the bilateral control of soft robots.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of the PC5 Resource Grid Design on the Capacity and Efficiency of LTE-V2X in Vehicular Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Leandro Miguel Lopez ◽  
Charmae Franchesca Mendoza ◽  
Jordi Casademont ◽  
Daniel Camps-Mur
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Block Size ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Grid Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Vehicular communications will foster mobility services and enable mass adoption of future autonomous vehicles, interchanging huge amount of data acquired from vehicles’ sensors. 3GPP Release 14 presents the first standard for supporting V2X in LTE. Several enhancements are introduced, including a new arrangement of the physical resource grid, where subchannels are the minimum resource unit instead of Resource Blocks. The resource grid is defined by several design parameters, some of them with constraints imposed by 3GPP specifications, that affect the maximum message transmission rate and efficiency of the system. Moreover, the optimum choice of these parameters is closely linked to message length, which is another variable parameter. This paper provides an analysis of the relationship between these design parameters (Resource Block per Subchannel, Transport Block Size Index, and coding rate), message size, and the system’s maximum capacity and efficiency. In doing so, we do not consider channel reuse or radio transmission characteristics because the focus of this paper is trying to find the resource grid design parameters that optimize system capacity, which is a very important aspect to consider by V2X operators.

scholarly journals On the Impact of Maximum Speed on the Power Density of Electromechanical Powertrains

Vehicles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schweigert ◽  
Martin Enno Gerlach ◽  
Alexander Hoffmann ◽  
Bernd Morhard ◽  
Alexander Tripps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
Reference Vehicle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In order to achieve the European Commission’s ambitious climate targets by 2030, BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles) manufacturers are faced with the challenge of producing more efficient and ecological products. The electromechanical powertrain plays a key role in the efficiency of BEVs, which is why the design parameters in the development phase of electromechanical powertrains must be chosen carefully. One of the central design parameters is the maximum speed of the electric machines and the gear ratio of the connected transmissions. Due to the relationship between speed and torque, it is possible to design more compact and lighter electric machines by increasing the speed at constant power. However, with higher speed of the electric machines, a higher gear ratio is required, which results in a larger and heavier transmission. This study therefore examines the influence of maximum speed on the power density of electromechanical powertrains. Electric machines and transmissions with different maximum speeds are designed with the state-of-the-art for a selected reference vehicle. The designs are then examined with regard to the power density of the overall powertrain system. Compared to the reference vehicle, the results of the study show a considerable potential for increasing the power density of electromechanical powertrains by increasing the maximum speed of the electric machines.

scholarly journals Predictors Of Performance In An Online Financial Management Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Willey ◽  
Susan Edwards ◽  
Vijay Gondhalekar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Course Performance ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Online Simulation ◽  
Experiential Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of our research is to investigate the factors that impact performance in a financial management simulation component of a second financial management class. We measured the impact of previous course performance, gender, age and other concurrent course components on the dependent variable. Using two different statistical techniques, we found that a students current scores on exams, case write-ups and written summary reports were the strongest predictors of performance in the online simulation. The predictive ability of this variable was complemented by the positive impact of a students age. All else equal, the higher the age, the better the performance as measured by the simulated firms stock price. These results are encouraging and we will continue this experiential process during future semesters to add additional students to our sample size to further investigate the relationship between performance in the simulation and student characteristics.

scholarly journals Research on the Matching of Impact Performance and Collision Coefficient of Hydraulic Rock Drill

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yelin Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Wave ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Collision Velocity ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Impact Stress ◽  
Material Condition ◽  
Rock Drill ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The stress wave produced by the piston impact, on the drill rod, is an important factor affecting impact performance. It is particularly important to control the stress waveform generated by the piston impact on the drill rod to meet the requirements of efficiency and component durability of some impact mechanical systems. Based on wave theory, the impact stress wave model of rock drilling is established, a dimensionless collision coefficient γ is put forward, and the matching relationship between different collision coefficients γ and stress waveforms is analysed. The length of the impact piston under the same material condition determines the change rule of the waveform. The stress waveform experimental verification is thus designed. The pressure chamber curves of different pistons in the rock drill were tested, the collision velocity of the piston was obtained, and the impact energy and impact power were calculated. The relationship between the impact performance and the collision coefficient γ is analysed. When γ is in the range of 9–11, the impact piston’s design of a high-power rock drill can be satisfied. When γ is in the range of 3∼5, it is mainly designed for low-power rock drills.

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