scholarly journals Predicting Employee Attitudes to Workplace Diversity from Personality, Values, and Cognitive Ability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromy Anglim ◽  
Victor sojo ◽  
Linda Ashford ◽  
Alexander Newman ◽  
Andrew Marty
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Workplace Diversity ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Diversity

Repository includes data, metadata, and data analysis script for above publication. Abstract: The current study assessed the predictive validity of broad and narrow measures of personality, values, and cognitive ability on employee attitudes to workplace diversity. Australian working adults (N = 731; 66% female; mean age = 43, SD = 12) completed the 200-item HEXACO Personality Inventory, Schwartz's Portrait Values Questionnaire, ACER measures of numeric, verbal, and abstract reasoning ability, the Attitudes Toward Diversity Scale, and four scales measuring prejudice towards female workers, ethnic workers, older workers, and workers with a disability. Results showed that Honesty–Humility, Extraversion, Openness, and cognitive ability (especially verbal) predicted more positive attitudes to workplace diversity. Valuing power, security, and tradition more, and valuing universalism less was associated with more negative attitudes to workplace diversity.

scholarly journals Predicting employee attitudes to workplace diversity from personality, values, and cognitive ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 103865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromy Anglim ◽  
Victor Sojo ◽  
Linda J. Ashford ◽  
Alexander Newman ◽  
Andrew Marty
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Workplace Diversity

Extremes of acceptance: employee attitudes toward artificial intelligence

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Conceptual Paper

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present paradoxical employee attitudes towards interacting with artificial intelligence (AI). Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper, which builds on prior research, especially on the widely accepted notion of not-invented-here attitudes in technology adoption. Findings Many companies experience barriers in implementing AI owing to negative attitudes among their employees. This paper develops the concept of no-human-interaction attitudes, which describe employees’ preference to collaborate with real humans rather than having virtual colleagues. If they perceive a benefit from voluntarily using AI, however, many employees exhibit positive attitudes, leading to the concept of intelligent-automation attitudes. Jointly, these attitudes lead to the paradox that the same persons may have positive or negative attitudes to AI, depending on the particular situation. Firms need to address these attitudes because the interface of human and AI will be a key driver of competitive advantage in the future. Originality/value The new concepts of negative and positive employee attitudes contribute to our understanding of firms’ success and problems in implementing AI. Moreover, the paradox of negative and positive attitudes among the same employees helps to reconcile partly diverging findings in extant studies. A thorough understanding of the roots of these employee attitudes, along with several examples, further provides immediate starting points for actively influencing these attitudes in practice.

scholarly journals Ageism in the organizational context - the perception of Brazilian workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-772
Author(s):  
Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho França ◽  
Andreia da Rocha Siqueira-Brito ◽  
Felipe Valentini ◽  
Ione Vasques-Menezes ◽  
Claudio Vaz Torres
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Exploratory Factorial Analysis

Abstract Objective: elaborate a scale for ageism in an organizational context (Escala de Ageismo no Contexto Organizacional or EACO), seeking evidence of its structural validity and investigating possible differences in prejudices against elderly workers. This article also highlighted differences between gender, age and levels of schooling. Method: the project was divided into two studies: the first focused on the construction of the EACO, testing the understanding of the initial instrument among 82 workers. A new version was sent to and analyzed by ten judges, resulting in a 28-item scale with six dimensions. The second study presented evidence of the validity of the EACO, using a more robust national sample. The modified instrument was electronically issued to 2,400 workers of varying ages from different regions of Brazil, with 600 participants responding. Results: Exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) resulted in an EACO with 14 items, with satisfactory eigenvalues, factorial loads and communality, grouped into two dimensions: D1 - negative attitudes, composed of cognitive and health aspects (α=0.83) and D2 - positive attitudes, composed of affective aspects (α=0.77). Younger workers had more negative attitudes towards aging than older workers, who in turn had more positive attitudes than younger individuals. Conclusion: The EACO tested ageism in organizations and demonstrated evidence of validity. It is also recommended, however, that the scale is used in its longer version in future research, with national and transnational groups and participants of different educational levels.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

Human-carnivore coexistence: factors influencing stakeholder attitudes towards large carnivores and conservation in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Esther van der Meer ◽  
Hans Dullemont
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Carnivore Conservation ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Stakeholder Attitudes

Summary Promoting human-carnivore coexistence is a main component of carnivore conservation. Coexistence programmes are usually informed by attitudinal studies that evaluate intended behaviour towards carnivores. This questionnaire survey assesses attitudes of governmental and non-governmental conservation stakeholders in Zimbabwe towards living with carnivores, large carnivore species and the conservation of wildlife, and determines whether being part of coexistence programmes (CAMPFIRE, TFCAs) positively affects attitudes. Stakeholder attitudes were most positive when employment was directly related to wildlife and stakeholders had knowledge about and exposure to carnivores. Stakeholders who depend on livestock and/or had little knowledge about and less exposure to carnivores were most negative, this included governmental stakeholders responsible for natural resource management. Positive attitudes were largely based on the aesthetic and economic value of carnivores, while negative attitudes were based on the fear of livestock loss and perceived danger to humans. Subsistence farmers were the most negative stakeholders, as such, the focus on this group to promote coexistence seems justified. However, although some stakeholders were more positive in CAMPFIRE areas or TFCAs, CAMPFIRE and TFCAs failed to improve attitudes of subsistence farmers, which highlights a need to evaluate and adapt these programmes.

Gender and Attitudes toward Computers and Calculators: Their Relationship to Math Performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail F. Munger ◽  
Brenda H. Loyd
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Mathematics Performance ◽  
Attitudes Toward Computers ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Calculators ◽  
The Relationship

In education, computers and calculators historically have been associated with mathematics and the sciences, and are frequently incorporated into these areas of the curriculum. This may have serious implications for females because of the long history of reported sex differences in achievement and attitudes in mathematics and related disciplines. This study of sixty high school students examines the relationship between mathematics performance and students' attitudes toward technology (computers and calculators), and whether the relationship is similar for males and females. A practice form of the General Educational Development (GED) test was used to measure mathematics performance. Students' attitudes toward computers were assessed by the Computer Attitude Scale, and attitudes toward calculators were assessed by a 4-item measure developed by the authors. In general, students with more positive attitudes toward computers and calculators were found to perform better than students with more negative attitudes.

Determinants of Attitudes Toward Physical Education

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Figley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Incident Report ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Physical Education

The development of positive attitudes toward physical education has been a longstanding and desirable goal of the program of physical education. The intent of this investigation was to identify those aspects of the program students reported as turning them on to or turning them off from physical education. The critical incident report was the tool used to gather information. The subjects (N = 100) classified the reported incidents as either positive or negative, and their comments were then categorized into five broad categories: (a) teacher, (b) curriculum, (c) atmosphere of the classroom, (d) peer behavior, and (e) perceptions of self. Further classification occurred within each category. The results indicated that the items most frequently mentioned in relation to both positive and negative attitudes related to the teacher and the curriculum. Some interesting patterns evolved both within and between the various categories. The most encouraging aspect of the investigation is that the great majority of causal determinants of negative attitudes are amenable to change. If physical educators value the goal of developing positive attitudes toward physical education, then information gathered in studies such as this should prove valuable to both current physical educators and those involved in teacher education programs.

Attitude of person living with psychosis towards MH professionals: A qualitative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s843-s843
Author(s):  
K. Vaiphei ◽  
P. Sreedaran ◽  
V. Sathyanarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

AimsStudies investigating attitudes of people with mental illness are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate person living with psychosis on their attitudes and perception towards the mental health professionals in contact with mental health services.MethodsAn in-depth interview was used to explore their lived experiences and attitude towards mental health professionals.ResultsBoth negative and positive attitudes were prevalent among the patients. Most negative attitudes concerned on not giving time, the MHPs are most interested in financial gains. They felt attitude changes according to diagnosis, psychosis perceived as diagnosis with violence; they are more interested in protecting themselves, perception that treating symptoms and not cause of illness. On the contrary, they felt positive on the relationship and time given to them.Discussion and conclusions The PLWI's attitude to MHPs could be a product of the type of admission (forced upon), symptoms related or on the type of service settings. The present study is purely qualitative, single settings, could not be generalised. However it points on the need for sensitization of MHPs and relationship building oriented intervention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A Comparison of Adult Attitudes Toward Their Parents' Sexuality and Their Parents' Attitudes

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Poulin ◽  
Brian L. Mishara
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Attitudes

ABSTRACTThis study compared the attitudes of adult children toward the sexuality of their older parents with their parent's own attitudes toward sexuality. A 56-item questionnaire was given to 41 family pairs consisting of a parent over age 65 and his or her son or daughter. Questions were based upon previous studies and involved six point Likért ratings. In general, attitudes toward sexuality were positive among parents and their adult children. However, adult children had significantly more positive attitudes than their parents. This difference was primarily due to more positive attitudes toward physical aspects of sexual behaviours. Overall, the disapproval and negative attitudes of adult children reported in previous research were not found in this study. Adult children had positive attitudes, much more positive attitudes than their parents, possibly due to a cohort effect

scholarly journals Perfectionism and Marital Satisfaction among Graduate Students: A Multigroup Invariance Analysis by Counseling Help-seeking Attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Fatt Mee Foo ◽  
Siti Aishah Hassan ◽  
Mansor Abu Talib ◽  
Noor Syamilah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Research University ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Help Seeking Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Counseling

AbstractThis study aims to measure the latent mean difference in perfectionism and marital satisfaction by counseling help-seeking attitudes. The respondents were 327 married graduate students from a research university in Malaysia. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The respondents completed the Almost Perfect Scale- Revised, Dyadic Almost Perfect Scale, Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychology Help Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examined the instruments and the results indicated that construct validity were achieved. The latent mean difference in perfectionism and marital satisfaction by counseling help-seeking attitudes were tested using multigroup invariance analysis. The respondents with negative attitudes toward counseling help-seeking (n = 159) reported a higher latent mean in perfectionism but a lower latent mean in marital satisfaction compared to those with positive attitudes toward counseling help-seeking (n = 168). The implications of these findings for counseling services are discussed.

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