Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: a nationwide study in Spain

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain.SettingsThe initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied.ParticipantsThis was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020.InterventionsAn exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUnivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsSixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/105 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade ≥3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3–8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/105 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated.ConclusionsPerioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/105 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality.Trial registration numberCEIM 20/217.

Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire: New Evidences of Validity

This study aimed to investigate new evidence of internal and external validity of the Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ) for the context of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 252 people participated this study, being in a marital relationship, with an average age of 38.3 years (SD = 10.87), the majority of whom were married (70%) and female (57.1%). An Exploratory Factorial Analysis of the CRBQ pointed an adequate structure with three factors (agreement, avoidance, and attack), with alphas ranging from 0.75 to 0.77, which were related to personality traits. In this direction, the results are discussed, in the light of the specialized literature, and it is concluded that the psychometric adequacy of the CRBQ expands the evidence of validity and can be used in future studies in the Brazilian context by researchers and those interested in the subject.

Sociosexuality and correlates of condom use in Colombia: Validation of the Latin American version of the SOI-R

Sociosexuality has been widely studied throughout the world, but there are no psychometric analyses of an instrument to obtain objective measures of this construct in Spanish-speaking America. The Sociosexual Orientation Inventory-Revised (SOI-R) is proposed as a valid and reliable instrument to assess sociosexuality in this region. Exploratory Factorial Analysis (EFA) followed by Confirmatory Factorial Analysis (CFA) was performed to determine the psychometric properties of the SOI-R. Associations between sociosexuality with AIDS phobia and condom use established as measures of external validity. The results show that in a sample of Colombian participants, the three-dimensional structure of the SOI-R is valid and presents high- reliability indices. Likewise, it established that sociosexual behavior, but not attitude and desire, is associated with the frequency of condom use and that sociosexuality has significant associations with AIDS phobia. Finally, we discussed the implications of these findings for Spanish-speaking America.

The Influence of Personal Values on Internet Use and Wellbeing [La influencia de los valores personales en el uso de Internet y el bienestar]

Personal values influence the behavior, feelings, and lives of individuals, but also, Internet use which penetration is expected it continues expanding all over the world. Values determine attitudes and behaviors of individuals and they also affect relationships people maintain with others and themselves. Furthermore, those relations are as well influenced by the adoption and usage of the internet, that is changing the way individuals interact and relate. So, both, values and internet use, impact on individuals Wellbeing (WB) perception. The present study analyses the influence of personal values on internet use and WB perception on a sample of 33.123 respondents of the European Social Survey (2016), 51% of female respondents and 47.9% male aged 15 and over, from different European countries. By this way, first, an Exploratory Factorial Analysis has been applied on data related to personal values, and four different profiles have been defined. Second, there have been individually analyzed and correlated the level of internet use and life satisfaction individuals report to analyze their influence on each profile. Finally, the interaction of both variables has been considered. When p-value is significative (p < 0.05) individual profile moderate relationship between internet use and life satisfaction. Results demonstrate personal values influence internet use and life satisfaction.ResumenLos valores personales influyen en el comportamiento, los sentimientos y la vida de las personas, pero también, el uso de Internet cuya penetración se espera sigue expandiéndose por todo el mundo. Los valores determinan las actitudes y los comportamientos de las personas, y también afectan las relaciones que las personas mantienen con los demás y con ellas mismas. Además, esas relaciones se ven influenciadas por la adopción y el uso de Internet, lo que está cambiando la forma en que las personas interactúan y se relacionan. Así, tanto los valores como el uso de Internet, impactan en la percepción del Bienestar (WB) de las personas. El presente estudio analiza la influencia de los valores personales en el uso de Internet y la percepción del Bienestar en una muestra de 33123 encuestados de la Encuesta Social Europea (2016), 51 % de mujeres encuestadas y 47.9 % hombres de 15 y más años, de diferentes países europeos. De esta forma, en primer lugar, se ha aplicado un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio sobre datos relacionados con los valores personales, y se han definido cuatro perfiles diferentes. En segundo lugar, se ha analizado y correlacionado individualmente el nivel de uso de Internet y la satisfacción con la vida que reportan las personas para analizar su influencia en cada perfil. Finalmente, se ha considerado la interacción de ambas variables. Cuando el valor p es significativo (p < .05), el perfil individual modera la relación entre el uso de Internet y la satisfacción con la vida. Los resultados demuestran que los valores personales influyen en el uso de Internet y la satisfacción con la vida

The “Four Core Elements” as a Measuring Instrument: From Simplicity to Complexity in Tourist Destination

An adequate image of a tourist destination is a key instrument to attract tourists who will contribute to the development and economic growth of the place. The objective of this study is to analyze the formation and measure of the destination image. It contains a novel analysis which breaks down the heterogeneous aspects traditionally included in the cognitive dimension of the image into factors that provide more in-depth knowledge of it. A model is used in which the image is related to the corporate image of companies abroad. An exploratory factorial analysis and a structural equation model are used to test the hypotheses formulated. The sample consists of 409 questionnaires submitted to citizens of South Korea. A new scale is proposed, including four basic elements which are essential for any destination. They will serve as the basis for the diagnosis of the tourist competitiveness of the same, facilitating the action on them and their improvement. Additionally, this scale, known as the four core elements, enables the measurement of a destination image to be standardized.

Validity and reliability of an instrument to measure factors associated with screen time in Brazilian students

This study analyzed the validity and reliability of an instrument with scales measuring factors associated with screen time in adolescents. Two cross-sectional studies included students for analyses of validity and internal consistency (n=1138, 51.5% boys) and test-retest reproducibility (n=194, 56.2% boys). Individual (attitude, self-efficacy and expectations), social (behaviors, rules, beliefs and family support and support of school members) and physical environmental (home and bedroom equipment) factors of screen time were evaluated. All the scales of the instrument met the statistical criteria of the validity of the exploratory factorial analysis (p<0.001). The exploratory factorial analysis indicated five one-dimensional and three two-factor scales (self-efficacy, expectations and familiar behavior), with factorial loads of 0.56 to 0.88. There were significant correlations between the scores of almost all the scales and the reported screen time (p<0.05). Eight of nine scales/subscales showed Cronbach’s α value being higher than 0.70, and ICC ranged from 0.63 to 0.83. In conclusion, the instrument presented scales with acceptable validity and reliability and can be used to measure factors associated with screen time in Brazilian students.

Educación Física de Calidad desde la perspectiva de la práctica docente: propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para su evaluación (Quality Physical Education from the perspective of teaching practice: psychometric properties of an instrument for it

El propósito del estudio fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas y estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Educación Física de Calidad traducido y adaptado al español y contexto mexicano. Se presenta un estudio cuantitativo con un diseño instrumental. Participaron 763 docentes de Educación Física de México con rango de edad 19 a 71 años (M = 37.89 ± 11.18); donde el 31.7% son mujeres y 68.3% hombres. El 59.4% trabajan en escuelas que pertenecen al sistema federal, el 33.9% al sistema estatal y el 6.7% trabajan en escuelas particulares. Se realizó la traducción y adaptación al español y contexto mexicano de la encuesta de Educación Física de Calidad compuesta por 50 ítems que se responden sobre una escala que va desde 0 “no alcanzado totalmente” y 10 “completamente alcanzado”. Se efectuó el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) utilizando la matriz de correlaciones Kaiser-Meyer Olkin KMO (.97) y prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett (χ² x2= 30645.936 y gl = 990) obteniendo seis factores y la reducción a 46 ítems. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) mostró una buena consistencia interna y correlaciones de inter factor (χ² /gl = 2.98, NNFI = .98, CFI = .98 y RMSEA = .07), así como al dividirlo por género, nivel y sistema educativo. El instrumento muestra buenas propiedades psicométricas para valorar la Educación Física de Calidad desde la perspectiva de la práctica docente en el contexto mexicano. Por sus características podría utilizarse en otros países de habla hispana ya que su redacción, terminología y contenidos se adaptan al contexto. Abstract. The purpose of the study was to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the quality Physical Education scale from the perspective of teaching practice, translated and adapted to the Spanish and Mexican context. A quantitative study with an instrumental design is presented. The participants were 763 Physical Education teachers from Mexico with an age range of 19 to 71 years old (M = 37.89 ± 11.18); where 31.7% were women and 68.3% men. 59.4% work in schools that belong to the federal system, 33.9% to the state system and 6.7% work in private schools. The translation and adaptation to Spanish and the Mexican context of the Quality Physical Education survey was carried out. It is composed of 50 items that are answered on a scale that goes from 0 "not totally achieved" to 10 "completely achieved". It was carried out the exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) using the Kaiser-Meyer Olkin KMO correlation matrix (.97) and Bartlett's sphericity test (χ² x2= 30645.936 y gl = 990) obtaining six factors and the reduction to 46 items. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed good internal consistency and inter-factor correlations (χ2/gl = 2.98, NNFI = .98, CFI = .98 and RMSEA = .07), as well as when divided by gender, level and educational system. The instrument shows good psychometric properties to evaluate Quality Physical Education from the perspective of teaching practice in the Mexican context. Due to its characteristics, it could be used in other Spanish-speaking countries since its writing, terminology and contents are adapted to the context.

Validity and reliability of a rubric to assess didactic lesson planning of preservice teachers

It is presented the results of a study whose purpose was to reliability and validity of building an analytic socioformative process rubric to evaluate didactic planning in Teachers during their training process for Basic Education. The study involved 226 teachers. At first, reliability was determined through the Alpha Coefficient by Cronbach, having as a result .703. Results show that the instrument is reliable. Afterwards, an exploratory factorial analysis (AFE in Spanish), was carried out through the Maximum Authenticity Method with promax rotation and cluster analysis. This analysis showed the existence of a factor that explains 53.046% of the variance and is consistent with didactic planning. There was no need to eliminate any item according to the results of the factorial analysis. From these studies on, it can be conclusive that the target rubric of study has the adequate levels of reliability and construct validity. It is necessary to carry on new studies to confirm the results.