scholarly journals Responses in left inferior frontal gyrus are altered for speech-in-noise processing, but not for clear speech in autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Schelinski ◽  
Katharina von Kriegstein
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Bold Responses ◽  
Noisy Conditions ◽  
The Right

People with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulties with recognising what another person is saying in noisy conditions such as in a crowded classroom or a restaurant. The underlying neural mechanisms of this speech perception difficulty are unclear. In typically developed individuals, three cerebral cortex regions are particularly related to speech-in-noise perception: The left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the right insula and the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) (Alain et al., HBM, 2018). Here we tested whether responses in these cerebral cortex regions are altered in speech-in-noise perception in ASD. 17 adults with ASD and 17 typically developing controls (matched pairwise on age, sex and IQ) performed an auditory-only speech recognition task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Speech was presented either with noise (noise condition) or without noise (no noise condition, i.e., clear speech). In the left IFG, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) responses were higher in the control compared to the ASD group for recognising speech-in-noise in comparison to clear speech. In the right insula and left IPL both groups had similar response magnitudes for the contrast between speech-in-noise and clear speech recognition. Additionally, we replicated previous findings that BOLD responses in speech-related and auditory brain regions (including bilateral superior temporal sulcus and Heschl’s gyrus) for clear speech were similar in both groups. Our findings show that in ASD, the processing of speech is particularly reduced under noisy conditions in the left IFG. Dysfunction of the IFG might be important in explaining restricted speech comprehension in noisy environments in ASD.

Dissociable brain correlates for depression, anxiety, dissociation, and somatization in depersonalization-derealization disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Lemche ◽  
Simon A. Surguladze ◽  
Michael J. Brammer ◽  
Mary L. Phillips ◽  
Mauricio Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Caudate Head ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveThe cerebral mechanisms of traits associated with depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPRD) remain poorly understood.MethodHappy and sad emotion expressions were presented to DPRD and non-referred control (NC) subjects in an implicit event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design, and correlated with self report scales reflecting typical co-morbidities of DPRD: depression, dissociation, anxiety, somatization.ResultsSignificant differences between the slopes of the two groups were observed for somatization in the right temporal operculum (happy) and ventral striatum, bilaterally (sad). Discriminative regions for symptoms of depression were the right pulvinar (happy) and left amygdala (sad). For dissociation, discriminative regions were the left mesial inferior temporal gyrus (happy) and left supramarginal gyrus (sad). For state anxiety, discriminative regions were the left inferior frontal gyrus (happy) and parahippocampal gyrus (sad). For trait anxiety, discriminative regions were the right caudate head (happy) and left superior temporal gyrus (sad).DiscussionThe ascertained brain regions are in line with previous findings for the respective traits. The findings suggest separate brain systems for each trait.ConclusionOur results do not justify any bias for a certain nosological category in DPRD.

scholarly journals Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Right Superior Temporal Gyrus for Severe Aphasia Caused by Damage to the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimpei Kawamura ◽  
Nobuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Yasutaka Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

Several reports on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of aphasia caused by damage to the left inferior frontal gyrus state that low-frequency rTMS therapy for the right inferior frontal gyrus, which is contralateral to the focus area, is effective for improving verbal expression. However, most of these reports have studied the effects of rTMS therapy for comparatively mild aphasia. This study attempted to perform low-frequency rTMS on the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (BA22), which is the center for language reception for aphasia patients with a drastic decline in verbal expression due to damage to the left inferior frontal gyrus and a considerable decline in language perception. The participants performed a language task that was displayed on a computer monitor during rTMS. In addition, intensive speech-language and hearing therapy was performed by the therapist after rTMS. This study reports that a resultant improvement in language perception was observed in the activated brain regions based on neuropsychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging. This study is considered to be significant as it highlights a new method of rTMS treatment for severe aphasia.

scholarly journals The Involvement of Occipital and Inferior Frontal Cortex in the Phonological Learning of Chinese Characters

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1998-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Deng ◽  
Tai-li Chou ◽  
Guo-sheng Ding ◽  
Dan-ling Peng ◽  
James R. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Phonological Learning ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Specific Learning

Neural changes related to the learning of the pronunciation of Chinese characters in English speakers were examined using fMRI. We examined the item-specific learning effects for trained characters and the generalization of phonetic knowledge to novel transfer characters that shared a phonetic radical (part of a character that gives a clue to the whole character's pronunciation) with trained characters. Behavioral results showed that shared phonetic information improved performance for transfer characters. Neuroimaging results for trained characters over learning found increased activation in the right lingual gyrus, and greater activation enhancement in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann's area 44) was correlated with higher accuracy improvement. Moreover, greater activation for transfer characters in these two regions at the late stage of training was correlated with better knowledge of the phonetic radical in a delayed recall test. The current study suggests that the right lingual gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus are crucial for the learning of Chinese characters and the generalization of that knowledge to novel characters. Left inferior frontal gyrus is likely involved in phonological segmentation, whereas right lingual gyrus may subserve processing visual–orthographic information.

scholarly journals Altered patterns of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and regional homogeneity in abstinent methamphetamine-dependent users

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Xie ◽  
Qiuxia Wu ◽  
Winson Fu Zun Yang ◽  
Chang Qi ◽  
Yanhui Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Frequency Fluctuation ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

AbstractMethamphetamine (MA) could induce functional and structural brain alterations in dependent subjects. However, few studies have investigated resting-state activity in methamphetamine-dependent subjects (MADs). We aimed to investigate alterations of brain activity during resting-state in MADs using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). We analyzed fALFF and ReHo between MADs (n = 70) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 84) and performed regression analysis using MA use variables. Compared to HCs, abstinent MADs showed increased fALFF and ReHo values in the bilateral striatum, decreased fALFF in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and decreased ReHo in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and left precuneus. We also observed the fALFF values of bilateral striatum were positively correlated with the age of first MA use, and negatively correlated with the duration of MA use. The fALFF value of right striatum was also positively correlated with the duration of abstinence. The alterations of spontaneous cerebral activity in abstinent MADs may help us probe into the neurological pathophysiology underlying MA-related dysfunction and recovery. Since MADs with higher fALFF in the right striatum had shorter MA use and longer abstinence, the increased fALFF in the right striatum might implicate early recovery during abstinence.

scholarly journals The Clear-Speech Benefit for School-Age Children: Speech-in-Noise and Speech-in-Speech Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4265-4276
Author(s):  
Lauren Calandruccio ◽  
Heather L. Porter ◽  
Lori J. Leibold ◽  
Emily Buss
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Adaptive Procedure ◽  
Sentence Recognition ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Noise Masker ◽  
Children Speech ◽  
Speaking Style

Purpose Talkers often modify their speech when communicating with individuals who struggle to understand speech, such as listeners with hearing loss. This study evaluated the benefit of clear speech in school-age children and adults with normal hearing for speech-in-noise and speech-in-speech recognition. Method Masked sentence recognition thresholds were estimated for school-age children and adults using an adaptive procedure. In Experiment 1, the target and masker were summed and presented over a loudspeaker located directly in front of the listener. The masker was either speech-shaped noise or two-talker speech, and target sentences were produced using a clear or conversational speaking style. In Experiment 2, stimuli were presented over headphones. The two-talker speech masker was diotic (M 0 ). Clear and conversational target sentences were presented either in-phase (T 0 ) or out-of-phase (T π ) between the two ears. The M 0 T π condition introduces a segregation cue that was expected to improve performance. Results For speech presented over a single loudspeaker (Experiment 1), the clear-speech benefit was independent of age for the noise masker, but it increased with age for the two-talker masker. Similar age effects for the two-talker speech masker were seen under headphones with diotic presentation (M 0 T 0 ), but comparable clear-speech benefit as a function of age was observed with a binaural cue to facilitate segregation (M 0 T π ). Conclusions Consistent with prior research, children showed a robust clear-speech benefit for speech-in-noise recognition. Immaturity in the ability to segregate target from masker speech may limit young children's ability to benefit from clear-speech modifications for speech-in-speech recognition under some conditions. When provided with a cue that facilitates segregation, children as young as 4–7 years of age derived a clear-speech benefit in a two-talker masker that was similar to the benefit experienced by adults.

Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for preoperative language mapping in a patient with a left frontoopercular glioblastoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Sollmann ◽  
Thomas Picht ◽  
Jyrki P. Mäkelä ◽  
Bernhard Meyer ◽  
Florian Ringel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Language Mapping ◽  
Motor Mapping ◽  
The Right

Up to now, navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) has been used for motor mapping in the vicinity of rolandic brain lesions. Recently, nTMS has also been suggested to be useful in mapping human language areas. The authors describe the case of a left-handed patient with a left-side glioblastoma within the opercular inferior frontal gyrus who presented with severe motor aphasia. Preoperative functional MRI (fMRI) indicated speech dominance of the right hemisphere and did not show any language-related activation in the vicinity of the tumor. Navigated TMS, however, showed a significantly higher rate of induced speech arrests for the left than for the right. Left-side direct cortical stimulation induced clear speech arrests during awake surgery. This case suggests that nTMS may be useful for preoperative speech mapping in tumors affecting the anatomy, vasculature, and brain oxygen levels and therefore impairing fMRI reliability.

scholarly journals Cortical alpha oscillations in cochlear implant users reflect subjective listening effort during speech-in-noise perception

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254162
Author(s):  
Brandon T. Paul ◽  
Joseph Chen ◽  
Trung Le ◽  
Vincent Lin ◽  
Andrew Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
Cortical Regions

Listening to speech in noise is effortful for individuals with hearing loss, even if they have received a hearing prosthesis such as a hearing aid or cochlear implant (CI). At present, little is known about the neural functions that support listening effort. One form of neural activity that has been suggested to reflect listening effort is the power of 8–12 Hz (alpha) oscillations measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Alpha power in two cortical regions has been associated with effortful listening—left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and parietal cortex—but these relationships have not been examined in the same listeners. Further, there are few studies available investigating neural correlates of effort in the individuals with cochlear implants. Here we tested 16 CI users in a novel effort-focused speech-in-noise listening paradigm, and confirm a relationship between alpha power and self-reported effort ratings in parietal regions, but not left IFG. The parietal relationship was not linear but quadratic, with alpha power comparatively lower when effort ratings were at the top and bottom of the effort scale, and higher when effort ratings were in the middle of the scale. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive systems that are engaged in difficult listening situations, and the implication for clinical translation.

Unilateral versus Bilateral Amplification for Adults with Impaired Hearing

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 574-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese C. Walden ◽  
Brian E. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
The Right

This study compared unilateral and bilateral aided speech recognition in background noise in 28 patients being fitted with amplification. Aided QuickSIN (Quick Speech-in-Noise test) scores were obtained for bilateral amplification and for unilateral amplification in each ear. In addition, right-ear directed and left-ear directed recall on the Dichotic Digits Test (DDT) was obtained from each participant. Results revealed that the vast majority of patients obtained better speech recognition in background noise on the QuickSIN from unilateral amplification than from bilateral amplification. There was a greater tendency for bilateral amplification to have a deleterious effect among older patients. Most frequently, better aided QuickSIN performance was obtained in the right ear of participants, despite similar hearing thresholds in both ears. Finally, patients tended to perform better on the DDT in the ear that provided less SNR loss on the QuickSIN. Results suggest that bilateral amplification may not always be beneficial in every daily listening environment when background noise is present, and it may be advisable for patients wearing bilateral amplification to remove one hearing aid when difficulty is encountered understanding speech in background noise.

Disgust Processing in Phobia of Blood-Injection-Injury

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Schienle ◽  
Axel Schäfer ◽  
Rudolf Stark ◽  
Bertram Walter ◽  
Peter Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Injection Injury ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Blood Injection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bii Phobia

Abstract An elevated disgust sensitivity (DS) is considered to be a vulnerability factor for the development of a blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia. Within the present functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study, 12 female BII phobics were scanned while viewing alternating blocks of 40 disgust-inducing, 40 fear-inducing, and 40 affectively neutral pictures. Each block lasted 60s and was repeated six times during the experiment. All scenes were phobia-irrelevant. Afterwards, the subjects gave affective ratings for the pictures and described their DS on a self-report measure for different areas (e.g., poor hygiene, unusual food, death/deformation). The responses were compared with those of 12 nonphobic females. The BII phobics showed a stronger occipital activation within the right cuneus and lingual gyrus during the first viewing of the disgusting pictures. Aside from this finding, which could be interpreted as reflecting increased attention, there was little evidence for a generally elevated DS in BII phobia. On the DS questionnaire, the patients had indicated a greater reactivity only for disorder-relevant contents (death/deformation). Further, both groups gave similar disgust ratings for the pictures and showed comparable brain-dynamic responses over all blocks of the disgust condition, which included the activation of both amygdalae and the left inferior frontal gyrus.

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