scholarly journals Facial Trustworthiness Perceptions Across the Adult Lifespan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Pehlivanoglu ◽  
Tian Lin ◽  
Nichole Renee Lighthall ◽  
Robert C Wilson ◽  
Gary R. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Aged ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Facial Trustworthiness

This paper adopted an adult lifespan developmental approach by asking 87 young (25-39 years), 59 middle-aged (44-59 years), and 47 older (60-78 years) women and men to rate the trustworthiness of faces that systematically varied in age (young, middle-aged, older) and emotion (neutral, happy, sad, fearful, angry, disgusted) from the FACES Lifespan Database.

scholarly journals White matter hyperintensities across the adult lifespan: relation to age, Aβ load, and cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Garnier-Crussard ◽  
Salma Bougacha ◽  
Miranka Wirth ◽  
Claire André ◽  
Marion Delarue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Background White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are very frequent in older adults and associated with worse cognitive performance. Little is known about the links between WMH and vascular risk factors, cortical β-amyloid (Aβ) load, and cognition in cognitively unimpaired adults across the entire lifespan, especially in young and middle-aged adults. Methods One hundred and thirty-seven cognitively unimpaired adults from the community were enrolled (IMAP cohort). Participants underwent (i) a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of episodic memory, processing speed, working memory, and executive functions; (ii) brain structural T1 and FLAIR MRI scans used for the automatic segmentation of total and regional (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and corpus callosum) WMH; and (iii) a Florbetapir-PET scan to measure cortical Aβ. The relationships of total and regional WMH to age, vascular risk factors, cortical Aβ, and cognition were assessed within the whole sample, but also splitting the sample in two age groups (≤ or > 60 years old). Results WMH increased with age across the adult lifespan, i.e., even in young and middle-aged adults. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and glycated hemoglobin were all associated with higher WMH before, but not after, adjusting for age and the other vascular risk factors. Higher frontal, temporal, and occipital WMH were associated with greater Aβ, but this association was no longer significant when adjusting for age and vascular risk factors. Higher total and frontal WMH were associated with worse performance in executive functions, with no interactive effect of the age group. In contrast, there was a significant interaction of the age group on the link between WMH and working memory, which was significant within the subgroup of young/middle-aged adults only. Adding cortical Aβ load in the models did not alter the results, and there was no interaction between WMH and Aβ on cognition. Conclusion WMH increased with age and were associated with worse executive functions across the adult lifespan and with worse working memory in young/middle-aged adults. Aβ load was weakly associated with WMH and did not change the relationship found between WMH and executive functions. This study argues for the clinical relevance of WMH across the adult lifespan, even in young and middle-aged adults with low WMH.

The “How” and “When” of Parental Loss in Adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Hayslip ◽  
Jessica H. Pruett ◽  
Daniela M. Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Parental Loss ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Grief Responses ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Loss Of A Parent

In order to evaluate the role of cause of death on the grief responses of parentally bereaved young and middle-aged adults, 400 individuals completed measures assessing their experiences and feelings surrounding the loss of a parent. Respondents included 247 young adults and 155 middle-aged adults. Cause of death was categorized as acute or anticipated with 209 participants reporting the parent’s death as acute, while anticipated death was reported by 191 individuals. Results suggested that gender of the adult child and age level of the participant were important factors contributing to the grief response, and women were found to have more difficulty adjusting to the loss of a parent as well as demonstrating a more intense grief response. Young adults were found to be more impacted by the loss of a parent than were middle-aged adults. Those who were single or separated were similarly more impacted versus those who were married, where more young adults were single/separated and more middle-aged adults were married. Cause of death was only mildly influential in influencing responses to parental loss and did not interact with other studied variables. These results point to the importance of support from others in coping with a parent’s death as well as for the counseling of bereaved persons who may be at risk for difficulties in coping with the death of a parent and enable a more precise understanding of individual grief processes across the adult lifespan.

Strengths and Satisfaction Across the Adult Lifespan

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M. Isaacowitz ◽  
George E. Vaillant ◽  
Martin E. P. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
The World ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Positive psychology has recently developed a classification of human strengths (Peterson & Seligman, in press). We aimed to evaluate these strengths by investigating the strengths and life satisfaction in three adult samples recruited from the community (young adult, middle-aged, and older adult), as well as in the surviving men of the Grant study of Harvard graduates. In general, older adults had higher levels of interpersonal and self-regulatory strengths, whereas younger adults reported higher levels of strengths related to exploring the world. Grant study men tended to report lower strength levels than older adults from the community. Among the young adults, only hope significantly predicted life satisfaction, whereas among the middle-aged individuals, the capacity for loving relationships was the only predictor. Among community-dwelling older adults, hope, citizenship, and loving relationships all positively and uniquely predicted life satisfaction, compared with loving relationships and appreciation of beauty in the Grant sample.

scholarly journals FALLS IN MID-LIFE: A SCOPING LITERATURE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S859-S859
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zecevic ◽  
Daniella Bozzo ◽  
Alison Stirling ◽  
Helene Gagne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Injurious Falls ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract The implications of falls of middle-aged adults (40-64 years) on falling in late life (65+) have not received much attention. The patterns of falling over the lifespan require more research. The purpose of this scoping literature review was to answer: What is known about falls occurring in mid-life? and How falls in mid-life relate to falling over the adult lifespan? A six-stage scoping literature review framework by Levac et al. (2010) was followed. A total of 5,136 titles were identified in CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE using MeSH terms for accidental fall, middle-aged and longitudinal studies. Inclusion/exclusion criteria narrowed the search to 30 full-text research articles and nine gray literature sources that were charted. Literature on falls in mid-life produced five discrete themes: two distinct populations of fallers, prevalence rates, fall-related injuries, causes of falls, and risk factors for falling. The two groups of fallers were the general population (falls prevalence 8.7-35.8%) and the special population of mid-life adults living with chronic health conditions (falls prevalence 26% for diabetes and 32.3% intellectual disabilities). Middle-aged adults had a higher proportion of injurious falls (11.5-30%) compared to older adults and extrinsic risk factors were the most frequent causes of falling (83.3%). For special populations, the risk of falls was frequently attributed to intrinsic factors. In conclusion, falls in mid-life require further exploration to establish patterns over the adult lifespan, determine influence of chronic diseases, establish clear fall incidences and risk factors, and determine if current falls prevention interventions are appropriate for mid-life adults.

Age Relevance and Context Effects on Attributions across the Adult Lifespan

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredda Blanchard-Fields ◽  
Renee Baldi ◽  
Renee Stein
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Negative Outcome

Attributions for events with information varying on age relevance (teen, young, middle-aged, and older main characters) and context (family, work) were examined in young, middle-aged, and older adults. Participants rated the degree to which the causes of a negative outcome were a function of three dispositional dimensions of the primary character, two dimensions of situational factors, and a combination of these. They also wrote essays justifying their ratings. Overall and in support of previous research, older adults were more likely than younger adults to attribute the cause of the negative outcome to the primary character (Blanchard-Fields, 1994). This bias was not attenuated by the age-relevance factor. Instead, in the work context, older and middle-aged adults placed greater blame on main characters relevant to their age group for negative outcomes than did young adults. However, older adults were also more likely than middle-aged or young adults to attribute the cause of a negative outcome to situational factors. Age relevance and context influenced attributional ratings for all participants in that: (a) older characters were rated higher on external attributions and younger characters were rated higher on internal attributions; and (b) higher internal attributions were made for work situations than for family situations. Finally, young and middle-aged adults were more dialectical in justifying their causal attributions than older adults. Findings are discussed in terms of the degree to which a dispositional bias in older adults is influenced by the developmental relevance of one’s everyday context.

scholarly journals Listening Comprehension in Middle-Aged Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell S. Sommers
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Purpose The purpose of this summary is to examine changes in listening comprehension across the adult lifespan and to identify factors associated with individual differences in listening comprehension. Method In this article, the author reports on both cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in listening comprehension. Conclusions Despite significant declines in both sensory and cognitive abilities, listening comprehension remains relatively unchanged in middle-aged listeners (between the ages of 40 and 60 years) compared with young listeners. These results are discussed with respect to possible compensatory factors that maintain listening comprehension despite impaired hearing and reduced cognitive capacities.

scholarly journals A double-edged sword: the role of prior knowledge in memory across the adult lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Leah Varghese ◽  
William Jagust
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of prior knowledge on memory across the adult lifespan, and specifically examines the effects of two material properties: congruency – whether the material is congruent with people’s prior knowledge, and ambiguity – whether the material is ambiguous to interpret based on prior knowledge. Method: A total of 273 participants (aged 22-70 years old) completed an incidental memory task online. Participants were shown pictures depicting an object in a scene and judged if the object was likely or unlikely to be in the particular scene. Later, in the recognition test, participants were asked to identify if the picture was presented earlier. The pictures were manipulated to have varying levels of congruency, meaning that some depicted likely object-scene pairs and some unlikely, and varying levels of ambiguity, meaning that some were more ambiguous to judge than others. Mixed effects logistic regressions examined the effect of age, age2, congruency/ambiguity, and their interactions on memory.Results: The object-scene pairs perceived as congruent had both higher hit rates and higher false alarm rates than incongruent ones, especially in middle-aged and older people. Higher ambiguity was also related to both greater true and false memory, independent of age. Finally, the effect of ambiguity only emerged when the pair was perceived incongruent. Discussion: The results suggest that knowledge improves recognition but also induces false memories, particularly in middle-aged and older people, suggesting a double-edged role in memory and its influence on memory aging.

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