scholarly journals Preprint of "Income Inequality Reduces Civic Honesty"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfei Du ◽  
Anli Chen ◽  
Peilian Chi ◽  
Ronnel B. King
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Income inequality has been shown to have a detrimental impact on a wide range of psychological, economic, and social outcomes. In this study, we focus on the role of income inequality in reducing civic honesty. Study 1 reanalyzed data of a “lost wallet” experiment conducted by Cohn, Maréchal, Tannenbaum, and Zünd (2019) in 355 cities spread across 40 countries. Multi-level analyses indicated that citizens in countries with higher income inequality were less likely to return a lost wallet. Study 2 examined the causal effects of income inequality by utilizing an experimental design. We found that income inequality reduced one’s personal desire to return a lost wallet. Convergent findings from two studies indicate the crucial role played by income inequality in reducing civic honesty.

scholarly journals Income Inequality Reduces Civic Honesty

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062092949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfei Du ◽  
Anli Chen ◽  
Peilian Chi ◽  
Ronnel B. King
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Income inequality has been shown to have a detrimental impact on a wide range of psychological, economic, and social outcomes. In this study, we focus on the role of income inequality in reducing civic honesty. Study 1 reanalyzed data of a “lost wallet” experiment conducted by Cohn, Maréchal, Tannenbaum, and Zuünd (2019) in 355 cities spread across 40 countries. Multilevel analyses indicated that citizens in countries with higher income inequality were less likely to return a lost wallet. Study 2 examined the causal effects of income inequality by utilizing an experimental design. We found that income inequality reduced one’s personal desire to return a lost wallet. Convergent findings from two studies indicate the crucial role played by income inequality in reducing civic honesty.

The Role of Covalent and Metallic Radii in Covalent Metallic Superlattices and Two-Dimensional Isoelectronic Alloys

1987 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Tsu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ordered Layers

ABSTRACTCovalent metallic superlattices and isoelectronic alloys consist of ordered layers of, for example, Si/AlP, Ge/GaAs, and Si/Sb,etc. Depending on design, wide range of electrical properties can result. The covalent, metallic and ionic radii play a crucial role in the stoichiometry of epitaxial systems.

scholarly journals Object Detectors’ Convolutional Neural Networks backbones : a review and a comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Backbone Networks ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Wide Range

Computer vision is a scientific field that deals with how computers can acquire significant level comprehension from computerized images or videos. One of the keystones of computer vision is object detection that aims to identify relevant features from video or image to detect objects. Backbone is the first stage in object detection algorithms that play a crucial role in object detection. Object detectors are usually provided with backbone networks designed for image classification. Object detection performance is highly based on features extracted by backbones, for instance, by simply replacing a backbone with its extended version, a large accuracy metric grows up. Additionally, the backbone's importance is demonstrated by its efficiency in real-time object detection. In this paper, we aim to accumulate the crucial role of the deep learning era and convolutional neural networks in particular in object detection tasks. We have analyzed and have been concentrating on a wide range of reviews on convolutional neural networks used as the backbone of object detection models. Building, therefore, a review of backbones that help researchers and scientists to use it as a guideline for their works.

Planning an experiment in the study of air pollution in industrial premises

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Татьяна Николаевна Швецова-Шиловская ◽  
Ольга Васильевна Полехина ◽  
Дмитрий Евгеньевич Иванов ◽  
Федор Игоревич Скворцов
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Working Zone ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Отмечена роль ведущих отечественных ученых В.И. Денисова и В.Г. Горского в становлении и развитии теории планирования эксперимента и прикладных статистических методов анализа данных. На основе математической теории планирования эксперимента исследовано влияние параметров воздушной среды рабочих помещений на интенсивность испарения опасных химических веществ с поверхности пролива. Создана математическая модель, описывающая этот процесс. Данные исследования необходимы для оценки профессионального риска на химических производствах The article addresses the important problem of assessing the professional risk of workers in industries where the chemical factor is possible, as well as the role of the mathematical theory of experimental design in conducting of experimental research. The role of leading Russian scientists Denisov Vladimir Ivanovich and Gorsky Vladimir Grigoryevich in the establishment and development of experimental design theory and applied statistical data analysis methods is noted in the work. It is noted that in order to successfully solve scientific, industrial, and technological problems, modern research engineer must have competencies in the field of the theory of mathematical statistics, practical skills in planning an experiment, and methods for statistical processing of experimental data. The aim of the studies presented in this paper is to assess the influence of the air environment of the working room (temperature, humidity) on the rate of evaporation of a hazardous chemical from the spill. The experiment was carried out on a facility that allowed varying over a wide range the temperature and humidity. The experiment was carried out in accordance with the plan developed on the basis of the mathematical theory of experimental design. The obtained mathematical model allows estimating the level of air pollution by hazardous chemicals in the temperature and humidity range typical of workrooms. A comparison of the concentrations calculated according to the model with the permissible level of air pollution (MPC of the working zone air) will allow assessing the risk of inhalation exposure to hazardous chemicals on working personnel in local emergency situations. Conducted research is necessary to assess occupational risk in chemical industries

scholarly journals Simulated shift work in rats perturbs multiscale regulation of locomotor activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (96) ◽  
pp. 20140318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Hsin Hsieh ◽  
Carolina Escobar ◽  
Tatiana Yugay ◽  
Men-Tzung Lo ◽  
Benjamin Pittman-Polletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Regulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fractal Patterns ◽  
Shift Work Schedule ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Motor activity possesses a multiscale regulation that is characterized by fractal activity fluctuations with similar structure across a wide range of timescales spanning minutes to hours. Fractal activity patterns are disturbed in animals after ablating the master circadian pacemaker (suprachiasmatic nucleus, SCN) and in humans with SCN dysfunction as occurs with aging and in dementia, suggesting the crucial role of the circadian system in the multiscale activity regulation. We hypothesized that the normal synchronization between behavioural cycles and the SCN-generated circadian rhythms is required for multiscale activity regulation. To test the hypothesis, we studied activity fluctuations of rats in a simulated shift work protocol that was designed to force animals to be active during the habitual resting phase of the circadian/daily cycle. We found that these animals had gradually decreased mean activity level and reduced 24-h activity rhythm amplitude, indicating disturbed circadian and behavioural cycles. Moreover, these animals had disrupted fractal activity patterns as characterized by more random activity fluctuations at multiple timescales from 4 to 12 h. Intriguingly, these activity disturbances exacerbated when the shift work schedule lasted longer and persisted even in the normal days (without forced activity) following the shift work. The disrupted circadian and fractal patterns resemble those of SCN-lesioned animals and of human patients with dementia, suggesting a detrimental impact of shift work on multiscale activity regulation.

scholarly journals Expert consensus on defining sensitive skin and role of cosmeceuticals: an Indian perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Malvika Kohli ◽  
Hema Pant ◽  
Rasya Dixit ◽  
Anchala Parthasaradhi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Skin Manifestation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
Indian Perspective

<p class="abstract">In clinical practice, the ‘sensitive skin’ phenomenon, encompassing a wide range of signs and symptoms, is majorly a self-diagnosed condition. Various articles have given perspective on the heterogeneous concept of sensitive skin in varied ways. Cosmeceuticals, commonly used for sensitive skin, contain biologically active ingredients that deliver multifunctional skin benefits. Since no guidelines have been formulated for the use of cosmeceutical products in the management of sensitive skin, an individualized skin care regimen is usually adopted. Also, cosmeceutical products have been demonstrated to play a crucial role as add-on therapy in the management of dermatological disorders. However, there exists uncertainty about sensitive skin manifestation and well-defined use of cosmeceuticals for sensitive skin. This paper provides a consensus clinical viewpoint of expert clinicians, which will help clear the pathway for effective identification and management of sensitive skin using cosmeceuticals.</p>

CO-WORKING SPACES AND THE LOCALISED DYNAMICS OF INNOVATION IN BARCELONA

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 1540004 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGNASI CAPDEVILA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Innovative Firms ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Multi Level

This paper considers a multi-level perspective to analyse the crucial role of individuals and communities outside firms in the localised dynamics of innovation. Through a qualitative study of the communities emerging in co-working spaces (CWSs) in Barcelona, we disentangle the different dynamics of innovation involving community insiders and local actors (firms, citizens and governmental bodies). We argue that CWSs act as intermediaries between creative individuals ("the underground") and innovative firms ("the upper-ground"), contributing to the interaction between co-located actors through the articulation of places, spaces, projects and events. The results lead to suggestions for policies to contribute to the emergence and development of innovation by fostering innovative processes outside firms.

scholarly journals The Role of Concordats in the New Governance of Britain: Taking Subsidiarity Seriously?

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Governance ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Administrative Competencies

Devolution has changed fundamentally the system of governance within the UK The devolution of legislative and administrative competencies over a wide range of policies to Scotland and Wales necessitated the introduction of arrangements for policy co-operation and co-ordination involving UK Government and the devolved administrations. These arrangements are set out in concordats. This article considers why the concordats were necessary, and analyses their role as devices for maintaining coherence in, and legitinuicy of, UK governance in the face of the challenges raised by devolution. It then extends the analysis of concordats to an examination of the role that sub-national authorities generally might play in multi-level governance systems. It does so by concentrating on the subsidiarity debate in EU governance, and considers whether this concept can be applied to inform the structure of policy assignment in that multi-level governance system. The lessons gleaned from a study of UK devolution suggest that subsidiarity, while a potentially useful framework for assigning powers between national and supranational levels within a trans-national governance system, has little relevance when applied to the role of sub-national governance in trans-national systems.

Everybody Follows the Crowd?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Obermaier ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Christian Baden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Bandwagon Effect ◽  
Political News ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Electoral Preferences

Abstract. Opinion polls are a well-established part of political news coverage, especially during election campaigns. At the same time, there has been controversial debate over the possible influences of such polls on voters’ electoral choices. The most prominent influence discussed is the bandwagon effect: It states that voters tend to support the expected winner of an upcoming election, and use polls to determine who the likely winner will be. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the effect. In addition, we inquired into the role of past electoral performances of a candidate and analyzed how these (as well as polls) are used as heuristic cues for the assessment of a candidate’s personal characteristics. Using an experimental design, we found that both polls and past election results influence participants’ expectations regarding which candidate will succeed. Moreover, higher competence was attributed to a candidate, if recipients believe that the majority of voters favor that candidate. Through this attribution of competence, both information about prior elections and current polls shaped voters’ electoral preferences.

Expressive Suppression: Social Outcomes and the Mediating Role of Emotions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Frazier ◽  
Daniel R. Krenn ◽  
Brittany Collier ◽  
Olivia Childers ◽  
Philip Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Mediating Role
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