Selfless or Selfish? The Impact of Message Framing and Egoistic Motivation on Narcissists’ Compliance with Preventive Health Behaviors during COVID-19

Positive Message ◽

Framing Strategies ◽

COVID-19 is one of the greatest international health crises in recent years. Due to the highly contagious nature of the virus, the World Health Organization has recommended that people comply with a set of preventive measures to reduce the infection rate (e.g., social distancing, wearing a face mask, thorough personal hygiene). Such recommendations imply certain personal restrictions, with people typically differing in the extent to which they are willing to comply with said recommendations. The present large-sampled study (N = 800) aimed to investigate whether narcissism levels and message framing strategies affect individuals’ willingness to accept personal restrictions and, consequently, comply with a set of preventive health behaviors. Results reveal that people high (vs. low) in narcissism are less likely to accept personal restrictions and to comply with preventive health behaviors. However, negative (vs. positive) message framing increases narcissists’ willingness to comply with such behaviors. This effect can be explained through an increased willingness of narcissistic participants to accept personal restrictions to protect themselves (egoistic motivation) but not through a willingness to protect vulnerable people (altruistic motivation). These findings suggest that individuals who remain uncooperative during pandemics could be more effectively addressed with adapted message framing strategies and incentives tailor-made for their distinct personalities.

Selfless or Selfish? The Impact of Message Framing and Egoistic Motivation on Narcissists’ Compliance with Preventive Health Behaviors during COVID-19

Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology ◽

10.1016/j.cresp.2021.100023 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100023

Author(s):

Tobias Otterbring ◽

Alexandra Festila ◽

Michał Folwarczny

Keyword(s):

Health Behaviors ◽

Message Framing ◽

Preventive Health ◽

Preventive Health Behaviors in Unaffected High-Risk Women: The Impact of Perceived vs Actual Risk and Preferred Involvement in Decision-Making.

10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-1040 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

S. Verma ◽

P. Lise ◽

A. White

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

High Risk ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Preventive Health ◽

High Risk Women ◽

Actual Risk ◽

The Impact of Preventive Health Behaviors and Risk Factors on Health Status of Ghanaians

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v5n5p124 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Bashiru I.I. Saeed ◽

A.R Abdul-Aziz ◽

Samuel Blay Nguah ◽

Xicang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Status ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Preventive Health ◽

Knowledge and Determinants of Behavioral Responses to the Pandemic of COVID-19

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.673187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Gang Lv ◽

Jing Yuan ◽

Stephanie Hsieh ◽

Rongjie Shao ◽

Minghui Li

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Face Mask ◽

Preventive Health ◽

Health Interventions ◽

Public Health Interventions ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Preventive Health Behaviors

Background: Understanding knowledge and behavioral responses to the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is important for appropriate public health interventions.Objectives: To assess knowledge of COVID-19 and to examine determinants associated with the adoption of preventive health behaviors among future health care providers.Methods: An anonymous online survey was sent out to pharmacy students in high and low-endemic areas of COVID-19 in China. Based on recommendations from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, preventive health behaviors examined in this study included washing hands, wearing a face mask, and maintaining social distancing. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used and measured by a seven-point Likert scale (one as extremely unlikely; seven as extremely likely). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine predictors of preventive health behaviors.Results: Among 203 respondents who finished the survey, a medium level of knowledge (4.41 ± 0.95) of COVID-19 was reported. Respondents were extremely likely to wear a face mask (6.85 ± 0.60), but only moderately likely to engage in washing hands (5.95 ± 1.38) and maintaining social distancing (6.19 ± 1.60). Determinants of washing hands were cue to action, self-efficacy, knowledge, and gender; wearing a face mask were cue to action, self-efficacy, knowledge, and ethnicity; and maintaining social distancing were cue to action and self-efficacy.Conclusions: Public health interventions should consider incorporating cue to action, self-efficacy, and knowledge as factors to potentially improve the adoption of face mask-wearing, hand washing, and social distancing as appropriate individual preventive measures, especially if local and regional authorities are considering reopening schools sometime in future.

Socioeconomic and Health Programme Effects Upon the Behavioral Management of Diarrhoeal Disease in Northeast Thailand

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/101053959000400108 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Earmpom Thongkrajai ◽

Pramote Thongkrajai ◽

John Stoeckel ◽

Somsong Na-nakhon ◽

Busara Karenjanabutr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Behaviors ◽

Diarrhoeal Disease ◽

Preventive Health ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Behavioral Management ◽

Health Complications ◽

The Impact ◽

Health Programme ◽

Health Programmes

This study investigates the effects of socioeconomic and health programme factors on preventive and curative health behaviors and assesses the impact of preventive health behaviors on the incidence of diarrhoea among children under five years of age. Methodological approaches included focus groups to uncover local definitions of diarrhoeal disease, a baseline survey which collected data on maternal preventive health behaviors for 1, 364 children, and a monitoring system which collected data on the incidence of diarrhoea and on maternal curative behaviors among the same group of children. Results indicate that socioeconomic status and exposure to health programmes showed significant relationships with selected maternal preventive behaviors. Children whose mothers washed their hands before breastfeeding, gave their child food immediately after cooking and warmed foods each time before meals had significantly lower proportions with diarrhoea than children of mothers who did not practice these behaviors, and 70 percent of the children with diarrhoea were exposed to high risk of severe dehydration and related health complications. Implications of these findings for health programmes are discussed.

Difference Between Users and Nonusers of a Patient Portal in Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Retrospective Cohort Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/13146 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. e13146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jing Huang ◽

Yong Chen ◽

J Richard Landis ◽

Kevin B Mahoney

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Preventive Health ◽

Patient Portal ◽

Communication Tool ◽

Patient Portals ◽

Chronic Health ◽

Background Patient portals are frequently used in modern health care systems as an engagement and communication tool. An increased focus on the potential value of these communication channels to improve health outcomes is warranted. Objective This paper aimed to quantify the impact of portal use on patients’ preventive health behavior and chronic health outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of 10,000 patients aged 50 years or older who were treated at the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) from September 1, 2014, to October 31, 2016. The data were sourced from the UPHS electronic health records. We investigated the association between patient portal use and patients’ preventive health behaviors or chronic health outcomes, controlling for confounders using a novel cardinality matching approach based on propensity scoring and a subsequent bootstrapping method to estimate the variance of association estimates. Results Patient-level characteristics differed substantially between portal users, comprising approximately 59.32% (5932/10000) of the cohort, and nonusers. On average, users were more likely to be younger (63.46 years for users vs 66.08 years for nonusers), white (72.77% [4317/5932] for users vs 52.58% [2139/4068] for nonusers), have commercial insurance (60.99% [3618/5932] for users vs 40.12% [1632/4068] for nonusers), and have higher annual incomes (US $74,172/year for users vs US $62,940/year for nonusers). Even after adjusting for these potential confounders, patient portal use had a positive and clinically meaningful impact on patients’ preventive health behaviors but not on chronic health outcomes. Conclusions This paper contributes to the understanding of the impact of patient portal use on health outcomes and is the first study to identify a meaningful subgroup of patients’ health behaviors that improved with portal use. These findings may encourage providers to promote portal use to improve patients’ preventive health behaviors.

Pandemic Worry and Preventive Health Behaviors During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.700072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Minghui Li ◽

Gang Lv ◽

Stephanie Hsieh ◽

Rongjie Shao ◽

Jing Yuan

Keyword(s):

Health Behaviors ◽

Asian American ◽

Social Distance ◽

Online Survey ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Face Mask ◽

The United States ◽

Preventive Health ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Preventive Health Behaviors

Objective: As schools are preparing for onsite learning, it is urgently needed to characterize the extent of pandemic worry and to examine predictors of adopting preventive health behaviors of hand washing, face mask wearing, and maintaining social distance among student pharmacists.Methods: An online survey was sent to 326 student pharmacists in the United States. Pandemic worry was measured using a seven-point Likert scale ranging from extremely not afraid of, to extremely afraid of getting COVID-19. The health belief model (HBM) was the theoretical framework of this study. Preventive health behaviors and components of the HBM were also measured using seven-point Likert scales (one indicated extremely unlikely; seven indicated extremely likely). Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify predictors of each behavior.Results: A medium level of pandemic worry (M = 4.2, SD = 1.92) was identified and females reported a higher pandemic worry. Respondents reported that they were extremely likely to wash their hands (M = 6.8, SD = 0.48) and maintain social distance (M = 6.6, SD = 0.92), but were moderately unlikely to wear face masks (M = 2.2, SD = 1.51). Determinants of face mask wearing included pandemic worry, perceived benefits, cue to action, self-efficacy, and being of an Asian American. Perceived barriers were negatively associated with face mask wearing.Conclusion: Strategies should be implemented to reduce the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic among student pharmacists. Predictors identified in this study should be incorporated in efforts to improve face mask wearing. Continued monitoring of pandemic worry and preventive health behaviors is of great significance when universities and colleges are for onsite learning.

Difference Between Users and Nonusers of a Patient Portal in Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13146 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Huang ◽

Yong Chen ◽

J Richard Landis ◽

Kevin B Mahoney

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Preventive Health ◽

Patient Portal ◽

Communication Tool ◽

Patient Portals ◽

Chronic Health ◽

BACKGROUND Patient portals are frequently used in modern health care systems as an engagement and communication tool. An increased focus on the potential value of these communication channels to improve health outcomes is warranted. OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to quantify the impact of portal use on patients’ preventive health behavior and chronic health outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of 10,000 patients aged 50 years or older who were treated at the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) from September 1, 2014, to October 31, 2016. The data were sourced from the UPHS electronic health records. We investigated the association between patient portal use and patients’ preventive health behaviors or chronic health outcomes, controlling for confounders using a novel cardinality matching approach based on propensity scoring and a subsequent bootstrapping method to estimate the variance of association estimates. RESULTS Patient-level characteristics differed substantially between portal users, comprising approximately 59.32% (5932/10000) of the cohort, and nonusers. On average, users were more likely to be younger (63.46 years for users vs 66.08 years for nonusers), white (72.77% [4317/5932] for users vs 52.58% [2139/4068] for nonusers), have commercial insurance (60.99% [3618/5932] for users vs 40.12% [1632/4068] for nonusers), and have higher annual incomes (US $74,172/year for users vs US $62,940/year for nonusers). Even after adjusting for these potential confounders, patient portal use had a positive and clinically meaningful impact on patients’ preventive health behaviors but not on chronic health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This paper contributes to the understanding of the impact of patient portal use on health outcomes and is the first study to identify a meaningful subgroup of patients’ health behaviors that improved with portal use. These findings may encourage providers to promote portal use to improve patients’ preventive health behaviors.