scholarly journals Green consumption does not make people cheat: Three replications of a moral licensing experiment (more recent version was published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.01.011)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Urban ◽  
Štěpán Bahník ◽  
Markéta Braun Kohlová
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Total N ◽  
Green Consumption ◽  
Moral Licensing ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Recent Version

A recent study (Mazar & Zhong, 2010) argued that green consumption may serve as a moral license and thus lead to subsequent dishonest behavior. In our three replications of the study (total N = 1,274), two of which were preregistered, participants’ level of green consumption was manipulated by having them purchase goods in either a green or conventional store. Three different tasks which allowed participants to cheat for monetary profit were used to measure dishonesty across the experiments. We found no effect of green consumption on subsequent honesty. These results cast doubt on the size of the effect found in the original study and suggest that green consumption is unlikely to trigger a cross-domain moral licensing effect.

scholarly journals Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of LoBue and DeLoache (2008)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana B. Lazarević ◽  
Danka Purić ◽  
Iris Žeželj ◽  
Radomir Belopavlović ◽  
Bojana Bodroža ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Screen Size ◽  
Total N ◽  
Threat Stimuli

Across three studies, LoBue and DeLoache (2008) provided evidence suggesting that both young children and adults exhibit enhanced visual detection of evolutionarily relevant threat stimuli (as compared with nonthreatening stimuli). A replication of their Experiment 3, conducted by Cramblet Alvarez and Pipitone (2015) as part of the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P), demonstrated trends similar to those of the original study, but the effect sizes were smaller and not statistically significant. There were, however, some methodological differences (e.g., screen size) and sampling differences (the age of recruited children) between the original study and the RP:P replication study. Additionally, LoBue and DeLoache expressed concern over the choice of stimuli used in the RP:P replication. We sought to explore the possible moderating effects of these factors by conducting two new replications—one using the protocol from the RP:P and the other using a revised protocol. We collected data at four sites, three in Serbia and one in the United States (total N = 553). Overall, participants were not significantly faster at detecting threatening stimuli. Thus, results were not supportive of the hypothesis that visual detection of evolutionarily relevant threat stimuli is enhanced in young children. The effect from the RP:P protocol ( d = −0.10, 95% confidence interval = [−1.02, 0.82]) was similar to the effect from the revised protocol ( d = −0.09, 95% confidence interval = [−0.33, 0.15]), and the results from both the RP:P and the revised protocols were more similar to those found by Cramblet Alvarez and Pipitone than to those found by LoBue and DeLoache.

scholarly journals The role of self-evaluation in predicting attitudes toward supporters of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories: A direct and a conceptual replication of Cichoka et al. (2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110525
Author(s):  
Birte Siem ◽  
Benedikt Kretzmeyer, ◽  
Stefan Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Total N ◽  
Specific Criterion ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Different Sources

We examined the role of people’s self-evaluation in predicting their attitudes toward supporters of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories by replicating and extending the findings of a study by Cichocka et al. (2016, Study 3) in two preregistered studies (total N = 1179). Study 1, a direct replication, confirmed that narcissism and self-esteem—two different sources of people’s self-evaluation—differentially predicted their beliefs in a series of well-known conspiracy theories (not related to COVID-19), and served as mutual suppressor variables. Specifically, narcissism was positively related and self-esteem was negatively related to conspiracy beliefs, especially when the respective other predictor was controlled for. Study 2 extended Cichocka’s and our Study 1’s findings by testing the differential role of self-esteem and narcissism in predicting a COVID-19-specific criterion. Specifically, we focused on people’s rejection of supporters of COVID-19 conspiracy theories, a criterion we deem particularly important in curtailing the spread of these theories. Results were generally in line with previous findings, but effects were substantially weaker. As suggested by exploratory analyses, this might be due to the fact that the overall rejection of supporters measure comprises not only items capturing rejection of supporters but also items capturing low beliefs in conspiracy theories. These two distinct components differentially related to self-esteem and narcissism: the differential role of self-esteem and narcissism could only be replicated for the “low belief” subcomponent (thus replicating findings from the original study and from Study 1) but not for the “rejection of supporters” subcomponent. The present work thus contributes to recent research suggesting that low belief in conspiracy theories and the rejection of their supporters might be qualitatively different responses with unique antecedents.

scholarly journals Green consumption signals altruism and elevated social status

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Braun Kohlová ◽  
Jan Urban
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Total N ◽  
Green Consumption ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Perceived Social Status ◽  
Grocery Products ◽  
Positive Effect

Recent studies (e.g., Griskevicius, Tybur, and Van den Bergh, 2010) have suggested that green consumption, similar to other instances of altruistic behaviour, may be used as a signal of elevated social status. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using a series of three web-based experiments (total N = 1,223). We manipulated the green profile and costs of grocery products bought by a hypothetical consumer. Participants then evaluated the consumer's social status using direct and indirect measures of social status. Our results showed that green consumption was perceived by external observers both as a signal of altruism and elevated social status. Interestingly, we found that even though the price of products had a positive effect on the perceived social status of a consumer, it did not interact with the green profile of consumption as would be expected by the theory of costly signalling of altruism. Green consumption thus seems to be a very strong signal of elevated social status, quite independent of the explicit costs associated with such consumption.

scholarly journals Is there evidence for cross-domain congruency sequence effect? A replication of Kan et al . (2013)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 191353
Author(s):  
Balazs Aczel ◽  
Marton Kovacs ◽  
Miklos Bognar ◽  
Bence Palfi ◽  
Andree Hartanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Domain Generality ◽  
Theoretical Hypothesis ◽  
Congruency Sequence Effect ◽  
Single Exception

Exploring the mechanisms of cognitive control is central to understanding how we control our behaviour. These mechanisms can be studied in conflict paradigms, which require the inhibition of irrelevant responses to perform the task. It has been suggested that in these tasks, the detection of conflict enhances cognitive control resulting in improved conflict resolution of subsequent trials. If this is the case, then this so-called congruency sequence effect can be expected to occur in cross-domain tasks. Previous research on the domain-generality of the effect presented inconsistent results. In this study, we provide a multi-site replication of three previous experiments of Kan et al . (Kan IP, Teubner-Rhodes S, Drummey AB, Nutile L, Krupa L, Novick JM 2013 Cognition 129 , 637–651) which test congruency sequence effect between very different domains: from a syntactic to a non-syntactic domain (Experiment 1), and from a perceptual to a verbal domain (Experiments 2 and 3). Despite all our efforts, we found only partial support for the claims of the original study. With a single exception, we could not replicate the original findings; the data remained inconclusive or went against the theoretical hypothesis. We discuss the compatibility of the results with alternative theoretical frameworks.

No Evidence of Within-Domain Moral Licensing in the Environmental Domain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Urban ◽  
Markéta Braun Kohlová ◽  
Štěpán Bahník
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Proenvironmental Behavior ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Environmental Domain ◽  
Moral Licensing

We have conducted a preregistered close replication of a recent study (Noblet & McCoy, 2018) of within-domain licensing in the area of environmental protection. Bayesian analysis of data from our web-based experiment (N = 1,765) reveals that recollection of past proenvironmental behavior affects one’s self-perception but does not diminish subsequent support of proenvironmental energy policy or proenvironmental intention. Thus, we have not replicated the original study. Moreover, our results imply that recollecting past engagement in environmental protection is unlikely to undermine commitment to further environmental protection.

Revisiting the phenomenon of "going green to be seen" with actual consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
André Marchand ◽  
Andrea Schöndeling ◽  
Elena Gros ◽  
David Schaeffer ◽  
Sascha Dirk Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Original Study ◽  
Stated Choice ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Green Consumption ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Product Choices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Choice Intentions ◽  
Potential Customers

Purpose<br/> This research empirically reanalyses lab findings by Griskevicius, Tybur and Van den Bergh (2010) that activating status motives evokes increased desire for green products.<br/> Design/methodology/approach<br/> The researchers conduct an online and a field experiment with actual consumption. They compare the results of intended versus actual green consumption.<br/> Findings<br/> The results reveal a significantly reduced preference for green products in public settings that require actual consumption, compared with privately stated choice intentions.<br/> Limitations<br/> This study is limited to ice cream as a typical hedonic product. Future studies should investigate for further product categories (e. g., utilitarian, more expensive products) whether the difference between hypothetical and actual behaviour can also be confirmed there.<br/> Implications<br/> Marketers can use the insights of this study to define their strategy to approach potential customers who may have a true desire for green consumption or sustainability, but also those who mainly seek social status, because they can link sustainability to status.<br/> Contribution This study extends the original study by investigating actual instead of hypothetical consumption decisions, as well as addressing food instead of durable product choices. These studies take place about ten years later and in a different country than the original study.

scholarly journals "Green to be seen" and "brown to keep down": Identity moderates the effect of visibility on environmental behavior

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Brick ◽  
David Sherman ◽  
Heejung Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Total N ◽  
Multilevel Studies ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Behavior Frequency

Social identities predict pro-environmental behavior, but the strength may depend on whether the behavior is visible to others. When an environmentalist considers a pro-environmental behavior such as carrying reusable grocery bags, being observed by others may motivate signaling the valued group membership and may increase behavior ("green to be seen"). When an anti-environmentalist considers a pro-environmental behavior that could signal that unwanted social identity, being observed may lead to less behavior ("brown to keep down"). United States residents completed three correlational surveys (total N = 1,126) of identity, visibility, and self-reported behavior frequency using the Recurring Pro-environmental Behavior Scale. Three multilevel studies revealed that environmentalist identity predicted pro-environmental behavior more strongly for high-visibility behaviors, controlling for confounds at the person level (attitudes, political identity) and the behavior level (difficulty, effectiveness). This research helps uncover the key social identities and contextual factors that lead individuals to embrace or reject pro-environmental behaviors.Brick, C., Sherman, D. K., &amp; Kim, H. S. (2017). “Green to be seen” and “brown to keep down”: Visibility moderates the effect of identity on pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 51, 226–238. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.04.004

scholarly journals Is there evidence for cross-domain congruency sequence effect? A replication of Kan et al. (2013)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balazs Aczel ◽  
Marton Kovacs ◽  
Miklos Bognar ◽  
Bence Palfi ◽  
Andree Hartanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Domain Generality ◽  
Theoretical Hypothesis ◽  
Congruency Sequence Effect ◽  
Single Exception

Exploring the mechanisms of cognitive control is central to understanding how we control our behaviour. These mechanisms can be studied in conflict paradigms, which require the inhibition of irrelevant responses to perform the task. It has been suggested that in these tasks the detection of conflict enhances cognitive control resulting in improved conflict resolution of subsequent trials. If this is the case then this so-called congruency sequence effect can be expected to occur in cross-domain tasks. Previous research on the domain-generality of the effect presented inconsistent results. In this study, we provide a multi-site replication of three previous experiments of Kan et al. (2013) which test congruency sequence effect between very different domains: from a syntactic to a non-syntactic domain (Experiment 1), and from a perceptual to a verbal domain (Experiment 2 and 3). Despite all our efforts, we found only partial support for the claims of the original study. With a single exception, we could not replicate the original findings, the data remained inconclusive or went against the theoretical hypothesis. We discuss the compatibility of the results with alternative theoretical frameworks.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Relationship Between Social Distance and Communication Preferences: A Replication and Reinterpretation of Amit et al. (2013, Experiment 2)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy John Luke ◽  
Karl Ask ◽  
Ebba Magnusson ◽  
Sofia Calderon ◽  
Erik Mac Giolla
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Communication Preferences ◽  
Transparent Reporting ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Original Interpretation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Confound

Amit et al. (2013) concluded that social distance can influence communication preferences: People prefer communicating with closer others using pictures (which are more concrete) and more distant others using words (which are more abstract). We conducted a high-powered (N = 988) preregistered replication of Amit et al. (2013, Experiment 2) and extended the design by manipulating the presence of a potential confound we detected when examining the original instructions. The original effect successfully replicated using the original instructions but did not replicate after the removal of the confound. Moreover, we demonstrate that the effect obtained with the original instructions likely relies on a different mechanism (comfort with sending personal pictures to close and distant contacts) than that posited in the original study (preference for concrete and abstract communication). These results cast doubt on the original interpretation and highlight the importance of transparent reporting standards in research.

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