The Study of Intimate Partner Violence-Related Head Trauma: Recommendations from the Enhancing Neuroimaging and Genetics through Meta-Analysis Consortium Intimate Partner Violence Working Group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Esopenko ◽  
Jessica Meyer ◽  
Elisabeth A. Wilde ◽  
Amy D. Marshall ◽  
David F Tate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
The Impact

Intimate partner violence includes psychological aggression, physical violence, sexual violence, and stalking from a current or former intimate partner. Experiencing intimate partner violence is associated with impaired neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning, mental illness, as well as structural brain alterations. These impairments seem to be compounded by exposure to physical trauma to the head. Importantly, up to 90% of women exposed to intimate partner violence also experience some form of head trauma or even repetitive head trauma. However, research on this topic is sparse, and the neurobehavioral and neurobiological effects of head trauma in this population have not been systematically investigated. A key aim of the EnhancingNeuroimaging and Genetics through Meta-Analysis Consortium Intimate Partner Violence Working Group is to provide recommendations for the harmonization of measures collected to facilitate the meta-analysis of neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and genetic data across studies. Here, we review the current literature on the impact of intimate partner violence-related head trauma in men and women. We further provide recommendations for studies examining the effects of intimate partner violence-related head trauma on neuronal, cognitive, and psychological functioning, as well as the influence of genetic variation. We anticipate that the harmonization of measures across studies will increase the statistical power in characterizing how IPV-related head trauma impacts long-term physical and psychological health, as well as in determining the influence of common comorbidities and genetic variation.

scholarly journals A Global Collaboration to Study Intimate Partner Violence-Related Head Trauma: The ENIGMA Consortium IPV Working Group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Esopenko ◽  
Jessica Meyer ◽  
Elisabeth A. Wilde ◽  
Amy D. Marshall ◽  
David F Tate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Global Collaboration

Intimate partner violence includes psychological aggression, physical violence, sexual violence, and stalking from a current or former intimate partner. Past research suggests that exposure to intimate partner violence can impact cognitive and psychological functioning, as well as neurological outcomes. These seem to be compounded in those who suffer a brain injury as a result of trauma to the head, neck or body due to physical and/or sexual violence. However, our understanding of the neurobehavioral and neurobiological effects of head trauma in this population is limited due to factors including difficulty in accessing/recruiting participants, heterogeneity of samples, and premorbid and comorbid factors that impact outcomes. Thus, the goal of the Enhancing Neuroimaging and Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium Intimate Partner Violence Working Group is to develop a global collaboration that includes researchers, clinicians, and other key community stakeholders. Participation in the working group can include collecting harmonized data, providing data for meta- and mega-analysis across sites, or stakeholder insight on key clinical research questions, promoting safety, participant recruitment and referral to support services. Further, to facilitate the mega-analysis of data across sites within the working group, we provide suggestions for behavioral surveys, cognitive tests, neuroimaging parameters, and genetics that could be used by investigators in the early stages of study design. We anticipate that the harmonization of measures across sites within the working group prior to data collection could increase the statistical power in characterizing how intimate partner violence-related head trauma impacts long-term physical, cognitive, and psychological health.

scholarly journals Evaluating interventions with victims of intimate partner violence: a community psychology approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Albanesi ◽  
Carlo Tomasetto ◽  
Veronica Guardabassi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is one of the most common forms of domestic violence, with profound implication for women's physical and psychological health. In this text we adopted the Empowerment Process Model (EPM) by Cattaneo and Goodman (Psychol Violence 5(1):84–94) to analyse interventions provided to victims of IPV by a Support Centre for Women (SCW) in Italy, and understand its contribution to women’s empowerment. Method We conducted semi-structured interviews with ten women who had been enrolled in a program for IPV survivors at a SCW in the past three years. The interviews focused on the programs’ aims, actions undertaken to reach them, and the impact on the women’s lives, and were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Results Results showed that the interventions provided by the SWC were adapted according to women's needs. In the early phases, women’s primary aim was ending violence, and the intervention by the SCW was deemed as helpful to the extent it provided psychological support, protection and safe housing. Women’s aims subsequently moved to self-actualisation and economic and personal independence which required professional training, internships, and social support. Although satisfying the majority of the women’s expectations, other important needs (e.g., economic support or legal services) were poorly addressed, and cooperation with other services (e.g., police or social services) was sometimes deemed as critical. Conclusions By evaluating a program offered by a SCW to IPV survivors through the lens of the EPM model, we found that women deemed the program as effective when both individual resources and empowerment processes were promoted. Strengths, limitations and implications are discussed.

The Effect of Female Economic Empowerment Interventions on the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802097608
Author(s):  
Isabel Eggers del Campo ◽  
Janina Isabel Steinert
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Women’s economic empowerment is an essential component of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Not only is it an end in itself but it has further been promoted for its potential to create positive externalities, including the reduction of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the link between economic empowerment and the risk of IPV remains theoretically ambiguous. Marital dependency theory predicts that women with more financial resources hold higher bargaining power and are in a better position to leave potentially abusive relationships. Conversely, Resource theory posits that an increase in women’s financial resources may clash with traditional gender roles, which may prompt their partner to reassert their status through violent means. In light of this debate, we conducted a meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of economic empowerment interventions on IPV. Based on a total sample size of 44,772 participants and robust variance estimation, our meta-analysis shows that women’s economic empowerment was associated with a significant reduction in the pooled measure of emotional, sexual, and physical IPV. We further documented tentative evidence suggesting that these effects may be amplified when additional gender sensitization training is included in such programs. Despite the overall positive effects, some included studies reported increases in IPV, primarily in the form of partners exerting controlling behavior and dominance over financial resources. Our results therefore emphasize a need to prioritize women’s safety in the process of designing economic empowerment programs and to closely monitor the potential risk of conflict and violence within beneficiaries’ households.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Self-Reported Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Sparrow ◽  
Hannah Dickson ◽  
Jamie Kwan ◽  
Louise Howard ◽  
Nicola Fear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Background: Research on intimate partner violence (IPV) in the military has tended to focus on military personnel as perpetrators and civilian partners/spouses as victims. However, studies have found high levels of IPV victimization among military personnel. This article systematically reviews studies of the prevalence of self-reported IPV victimization among military populations. Methods: Searches of four electronic databases (Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were supplemented by reference list screening. Meta-analyses of the available data were performed, where possible, using the random effects model. Results: This review included 28 studies with a combined sample of 69,808 military participants. Overall, similar or higher prevalence rates of physical IPV victimization were found among males compared to females and this was supported by a meta-analytic subgroup analysis: pooled prevalence of 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [17.4, 24.6]) among males and 13.6% among females (95% CI [9.5, 17.7]). Psychological IPV was the most prevalent type of abuse, in keeping with findings from the general population. There were no studies on sexual IPV victimization among male personnel. Evidence for the impact of military factors, such as deployment or rank, on IPV victimization was conflicting. Discussion: Prevalence rates varied widely, influenced by methodological variation among studies. The review highlighted the lack of research into male IPV victimization in the military and the relative absence of research into impact of IPV. It is recommended that future research disaggregates results by gender and considers the impact of IPV, in order that gender differences can be uncovered.

scholarly journals Female Victimization and Intimate Partner Violence After the May 12, 2008, Sichuan Earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Ling Chan ◽  
Yulian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of the earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan, China on stressed families already experiencing domestic violence. We hypothesized that cumulative postdisaster stress would increase marital aggression and that the well-being of victims would deteriorate following the quake. A total of 186 women were recruited for this study. Results show that all types of family violence, including psychological aggression and physical violence between partners, increased after the earthquake. We provided preliminary evidence that psychological aggression was significantly associated with the detrimental effects on victims’ mental and physical functioning. The findings support the need for violence assessment among victims of earthquakes, and we recommend that violence prevention be considered as part of the intervention during such natural disasters.

From “Buzzword” to Best Practice: Applying Intersectionality to Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Etherington ◽  
Linda Baker
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Current State ◽  
Child Centered ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
The Impact

Empirical studies on the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on children have burgeoned over the last three decades. Notably absent from existing approaches to studying children exposed to IPV, however, is attention to how various positionalities intersect to impact the experiences of children and their families. In fact, while the importance of an intersectional framework for understanding IPV has been discussed for over two decades, little or no attention has been given to issues of children’s exposure to IPV. In this article, we examine the current state of the literature on children exposed to IPV through an exploratory meta-analysis, finding limited application of intersectionality and a focus on discrete categories of difference. We then demonstrate why and how an intersectional framework should be applied to children exposed to IPV, with specific strategies for research and policy. We suggest a child-centered approach that recognizes diversity among children exposed to IPV, extending the challenge to traditional “one-size-fits-all” models to include an intersectionality-informed stance.

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