Manpower Training and Development in Nigeria Public Organisations: A Study of Abia State Civil Service.

Manpower training and development is essential to the success and productivity of every organization. Although technology and the internet have enabled global collaboration and competition, employees are still the organization’s competitive advantage. Manpower training and development enables employees to develop skills and competence necessary to enhance bottom-line results for their organizations.

Survival in Patients With Suspected Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis From the MINOCA Global Collaboration

Background: Suspected myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) occurs in ≈5% to 10% of patients with MI referred for coronary angiography. The prognosis of these patients may differ to those with MI and obstructive coronary artery disease (MI-CAD) and those without a MI (patients without known history of MI [No-MI]). The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the 12-month all-cause mortality of patients with MINOCA. Methods: Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the terms “MI,” “nonobstructive,” “angiography,” and “prognosis” were searched in PubMed and Embase databases from inception to December 2018, including original, English language MINOCA studies with >100 consecutive patients. Publications with a heterogeneous cohort, unreported coronary stenosis, or exclusively focusing on MINOCA-mimicking conditions, were excluded. Unpublished data were obtained from the MINOCA Global Collaboration. Data were pooled and analyzed using Paule-Mandel, Hartung, Knapp, Sidik & Jonkman, or restricted maximum-likelihood random-effects meta-analysis methodology. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I 2 statistics. The primary outcome was 12-month all-cause mortality in patients with MINOCA, with secondary comparisons to MI-CAD and No-MI. Results: The 23 eligible studies yielded 55 369 suspected MINOCA, 485 382 MI-CAD, and 33 074 No-MI. Pooled meta-analysis of 14 MINOCA studies accounting for 30 733 patients revealed an unadjusted 12-month all-cause mortality rate of 3.4% (95% CI, 2.6%–4.2%) and reinfarction (n=27 605; 10 studies) in 2.6% (95% CI, 1.7%–3.5%). MINOCA had a lower 12-month all-cause mortality than those with MI-CAD (3.3% [95% CI, 2.5%–4.1%] versus 5.6% [95% CI, 4.1%–7.0%]; odds ratio, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.52–0.70], P <0.001). In contrast, there was a statistically nonsignificant trend towards increased 12-month all-cause mortality in patients with MINOCA (2.6% [95% CI, 0%–5.9%]) compared with No-MI (0.7% [95% CI, 0.1%–1.3%]; odds ratio, 3.71 [95% CI, 0.58–23.61], P =0.09). Conclusions: In the largest contemporary MINOCA meta-analysis to date, patients with suspected MINOCA had a favorable prognosis compared with MI-CAD, but statistically nonsignificant trend toward worse outcomes compared to those with No-MI. Registration: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ; Unique identifier: CRD42020145356.

Vaccine safety surveillance across the globe with a focus on the COVID-19 vaccines

Taking a bird's eye's view across the globe to understand the different methods to look at vaccine safety surveillance, one thing becomes clear. The commitment to monitor the safety of a vaccine does not stop at the clinical development stage. Rather, awareness, reporting, and research need to be bolstered after the vast population gets exposed to the vaccine. Global collaboration, understanding, and embracing the global best practices will go a long way to ensure safer vaccinations. With the COVID-19 pandemic already creating havoc in minds of all, the panic or unacceptance about the vaccination side effects in the population is undesirable. Adverse events are the unfortunate yet unavoidable element in the journey of a new drug or a vaccine. But since it is a healthy population who are recipients of vaccines, the researchers and PV professionals need to be more mindful of the risk-benefit profile of the vaccine.

The China-centric era? Rethinking academic identity for sustainable higher education internationalization in China

Although recent decades have witnessed remarkable development of China’s higher education (HE) since its Open Door policy in 1978, China’s cross-border collaboration in HE has not always been smooth. The global rise of neo-nationalism in recent years, exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis, has put international academic collaboration under grave threat. This conceptual paper first conducts a critical review of China’s strategy for HE internationalization to discern its underlying rationale and what is encumbering the process. By examining the concept of academic identity through the lens of academic nationalism and academic internationalism in Chinese HE context, it is argued that the crux of China’s cross-border collaboration issue may largely lie in the imbalanced nationalist and internationalist dimensions of Chinese academic identity. The article has implications for Chinese academics to balance their identities for better global collaboration and sustainable HE internationalization amid geopolitical tensions in an era of flux.

Conclusion

Chapter 7 concludes by returning to a comparative analysis, reflecting on what can be generalized from the cases of emerging industries presented in this book to broader questions of the role of government in industrial policy in fragmented, global sectors. It presents comparative data from the automobile and electronics industries to show that, even in legacy sectors, distinct national patterns of industrial specialization have shifted the nexus of innovation to global collaboration. The chapter concludes with an epilogue on developments in wind and solar sectors in the very recent past, when unsettled trade relationships with China have begun to undermine the collaborative nature of innovation in renewable energy industries and examines their impact on global attempts to solve the climate crisis.