scholarly journals The Living Codebook: Documenting the Process of Qualitative Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Reyes;Reyes ◽  
Elizabeth Bogumil ◽  
Levin Elias Welch

Transparency is once again a central issue of debate across types of qualitative research. Workon how to conduct qualitative data analysis, on the other hand, walks us through the step-by-stepprocess on how to code and understand the data we’ve collected. Although there are a fewexceptions, less focus is on transparency regarding decision-making processes in the course ofresearch. In this paper, we argue that scholars should create a living codebook, which is a set oftools that documents the data analysis process. It has four parts: 1) a processual database whichkeeps track of initial codes and a final database for completed codes, 2) a “definitions and keyterms” list for conversations about codes, 3) memo-writing, and 4) a difference list explainingthe rationale behind unmatched codes. It allows researchers to interrogate taken-for-grantedassumptions about what data is focused on, why, and how to analyze it. To that end, the livingcodebook moves beyond discussions around inter-coder reliability by documenting the process by which analytic codes are created, refined, and debated.

10.5153/sro.1 ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Coffey ◽  
Holbrook Beverley ◽  
Atkinson Paul

In this paper we address a number of contemporary themes concerning the analysis of qualitative data and the ethnographic representation of social realities. A contrast is drawn. On the one hand, a diversity of representational modes and devices is currently celebrated, in response to various critiques of conventional ethnographic representation. On the other hand, the widespread influence of computer- assisted qualitative data analysis is promoting convergence on a uniform mode of data analysis and representation (often justified with reference to grounded theory). We note the ironic contrast between these two tendencies, the heterodox and the orthodox, in contemporary qualitative research. We go on to suggest that there exist alternatives that reflect both the diversity of representational approaches, and the broader possibilities of contemporary computing. We identify the technical and intellectual possibilities of hypertext software as offering just one such synthesis.


2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412098618
Author(s):  
Victoria Reyes ◽  
Elizabeth Bogumil ◽  
Levin Elias Welch

Transparency is once again a central issue of debate across types of qualitative research. Work on how to conduct qualitative data analysis, on the other hand, walks us through the step-by-step process on how to code and understand the data we’ve collected. Although there are a few exceptions, less focus is on transparency regarding decision-making processes in the course of research. In this article, we argue that scholars should create a living codebook, which is a set of tools that documents the data analysis process. It has four parts: (1) a processual database that keeps track of initial codes and a final database for completed codes, (2) a “definitions and key terms” list for conversations about codes, (3) memo-writing, and (4) a difference list explaining the rationale behind unmatched codes. It allows researchers to interrogate taken-for-granted assumptions about what data are focused on, why, and how to analyze it. To that end, the living codebook moves beyond discussions around intercoder reliability to how analytic codes are created, refined, and debated.


2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Hong ◽  
Michelle M Falter ◽  
Bob Fecho

In this article we introduce tension as a means for qualitative data analysis based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogical theory. We first explain the foundations of Bakhtin’s theory and show the inevitability of tension in our lives and qualitative data analysis. We then offer a review of how Bakhtin’s notion of tension has manifested itself in qualitative research, which prompts us to establish a tensional approach to qualitative data analysis. Finally, we outline our framework for a tensional approach to data analysis and illustrate examples of putting this approach into practice in our own study. Our tensional approach (1) explores key moments of tension; (2) seeks out unease and discomfort; (3) involves researcher and research participants in ongoing dialogue; (4) and embraces multiple perspectives on a range of tensions during the data analysis process. It encourages uncertainties and questions instead of pursuing certainty of meaning and fixed conclusions.


Author(s):  
Neringa Kalpokaite ◽  
Ivana Radivojevic

Qualitative research is a rich and diverse discipline, yet novice qualitative researchers may struggle in discerning how to approach their qualitative data analysis among the plethora of possibilities. This paper presents a foundational model that facilitates a comprehensive yet manageable approach to qualitative data analysis, and it can be applied within an array of qualitative methodologies. Based on an exhaustive review of expert qualitative methodologists, along with our own experience of teaching qualitative research, this model synthesises commonly-used analytic strategies and methods that are likewise applicable to novice qualitative researchers. This foundational model consists of four iterative cycles: The Inspection Cycle, Coding Cycle, Categorisation Cycle, and Modelling Cycle, and memo-writing is inherent to the entire analysis process. Our goal is to offer a solid foundation from which novice qualitative researchers may begin familiarising themselves with the craft of qualitative research and continue discovering methods for making sense of qualitative data.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P.A. Bhuwana ◽  
I.G. Budasi ◽  
G. Mahendrayana

The development of music, film, and other industry of entertainment is stated to contribute to the existence of slang words. There are so many slang words that become popular after they are included in the lyrics of songs. One of them is YOLO (You Only Live Once) which is popularized by Drake. In relation to that, this descriptive qualitative research attempts to find out the types and word formation processes of slang words found in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. By taking the model of document analysis by Bowen (2009) and Qualitative data analysis by Miles and Hubberman (1994), it is found out that there are 190 slang words existing in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. They are respectively categorized into Clipping type (62 slangs), Fresh and Creative type (44 slangs), Compounding type (44 slangs), Imitative type (36 slangs), and Acronym type (4 slangs).


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Iryani Abdul Halim Choo ◽  
Mohd. Sabrizaa Abd Rashid ◽  
Kartina Alauddin ◽  
Nazrul Helmy Jamaludin

This research aims to identify the Malay principal form in the roof decorative elements of Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP). Through site observation, the data is collected in the form of images and analysed using the CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software) of Atlas Ti. 8. The findings of the research found that there are four Malay principal forms; Gunungan, Buah Guntung, Lebah Bergantung and Pohon Beringin present in the roof decorative elements of RLBP. The similarity and uniformity in the engagement of the form and its meaning is identifiable with the traditional houses of the other region which indicates a uniform understanding of the belief system and practises of the craftsmens throughout the Peninsula.


Author(s):  
Amber Sechelski ◽  
Anthony Onwuegbuzie

The analysis of data represents the most important and difficult step in the qualitative research process. Thus, recently, a few authors have written methodological works that contain discussion of an array of qualitative data analysis approaches. Yet, despite the call of Leech and Onwuegbuzie (2007) a decade ago for qualitative researchers to analyze a given set of qualitative data in multiple ways, this practice has been largely ignored. Thus, in this article, we bolster the argument for conducting multiple data analyses. In particular, we use data stemming from an interview to demonstrate how using five qualitative data analysis approaches (e.g., constant comparison analysis, discourse analysis) helped to enhance what we refer to as analysis saturation, thereby increasing verstehen (i.e., understanding).


KWALON ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hennie Boeije ◽  
Jeanine Evers

Op Royal Holloway College, universiteit van Londen, werd dit jaar de tweede conferentie over CAQDAS – computer-assisted qualitative data-analysis – gehouden. Het was er van de 17e tot de 19e april zonnig en gezellig. Organisator was het CAQDAS Networking Project van de universiteit van Surrey. De wortels van dat project, dat nu officieel dertien jaar bestaat, liggen in 1989 bij de conferentie Using Computers in Qualitative Research. Dit jaar ging het over Advances in Qualitative Computing.


This chapter introduces readers to the basics of data analysis and the practical handling of open, axial, and selective coding within and outside the grounded theory. Readers are introduced to segmentation/reassembling, constant comparative, and analytic induction concepts in qualitative data analysis in the first section of this chapter. They should be able to trace the origin of coding of qualitative data in qualitative research. The stages of qualitative data analysis are discussed in the second section. The third section takes readers through the practical steps of open, axial, and selective coding, and detailed examples are given.


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