scholarly journals Tastes, emotions, and social cohesion: Toward a cultural theory of social exchange

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Vanzella-Yang ◽  
Seth Abrutyn
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Affect Theory ◽  
Cultural Sociology ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Basic Proposition

The Affect Theory of Social Exchange (ATSE) research program has produced cumulative insights on how instrumental exchanges lead to the development of affectual attachments. With its focus on task responsibilities, ATSE leaves space to interrogate how factors not related to task execution are at play in the production of interpersonal bonds. In this paper, we integrate insights from social psychology, cultural sociology and organizational research to develop a theoretical framework suggesting (a) why and how cultural tastes contribute to social cohesion and (b) the conditions under which cultural tastes remain a source of strategic advantage or, worse, symbolic exclusion. Our theory rests on the basic proposition that shared cultural tastes increase the likelihood of experiencing positive emotions, which in turn are key in the development and maintenance of affectual attachments. Variations to this proposition are subsequently introduced, considering culture in declarative and nondeclarative forms.

Generalized Generosity: How the Norm of Generalized Reciprocity Bridges Collective Forms of Social Exchange

2021 ◽  
pp. 000312242110074
Author(s):  
Monica M. Whitham
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Affect Theory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Generalized Exchange ◽  
Strong Norm

This study examines the potential for small-scale acts of giving that are not directly reciprocated, or generalized generosities, to build social bonds and promote contributions to the group. Social exchange theorists define such acts as generalized exchange. The potential for generalized exchange to build strong social bonds relative to other forms of exchange is the subject of theoretical debate. In this article, I build on two prominent theories of social exchange—affect theory and the theory of reciprocity—to propose that a strong norm of generalized reciprocity may bridge the connective benefits of generalized exchange with the connective benefits of productive exchange, which is a collaborative form of social exchange that involves sharing pooled resources. I argue that a strong norm of generalized reciprocity will activate mechanisms theorized to build strong social bonds in generalized and productive exchange systems, and will promote additional behavioral investments into the group. I test my argument with a controlled laboratory experiment, finding strong support for the proposed causal model. The results of this study have implications for research on generosity, collective action, collaboration, sense of community, and social capital.

Is an Emoji Worth a Thousand Words? The Effect of Emoji Usage on Nonprofessional Investors’ Perceptions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda E. Carrillo ◽  
Robin Pennington ◽  
Yibo (James) Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Good News ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Nonprofessional Investors

Emojis act as non-verbal cues to disambiguate and communicate affect and are increasingly used in online corporate disclosures. Emotion work, a concept founded in social psychology, suggests that individuals adjust their behavior as emotions are evoked or suppressed. Despite the growing evidence that emojis may influence judgments and decisions due to their deliberate expression of context and affect, the accounting research community has yet to investigate emojis’ impact. We experimentally explore whether emojis can soften nonprofessional investors’ perceptions of bad news or enhance perceptions of good news. We find that emojis modestly suppress participants’ positive emotions on positive news, influencing their investment-related judgments and decision-making. Subsequent data collection fails to replicate the initial findings in a less experienced participant pool, suggesting that investing experience may play a role. Our study enhances our understanding of the unintended consequences of emojis and introduces a sociology-based principle into the accounting literature.

Interface Design, Emotions, and Multimedia Learning

2011 ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Chaoyan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
Physically Attractive

In social psychology, “what is attractive is good” means that a physically attractive person is perceived to be more favorable and capable. In industrial design, the interface is one of the three elements that influence users’ experience with a product. For multimedia learning, does the interface design affect users’ experience with learning environments? Does attractive interface enhance multimedia learning? Research in multimedia learning has been neglecting this issue. In this chapter, I propose that attractive interface design does indeed promote multimedia learning. This hypothesis is based on the review of the following theories and related empirical studies: 1) an interface impacts a user’s experience; 2) beautiful interface induces positive emotions; 3) positive emotions broaden cognitive resources; and 4) expanded cognitive resources promote learning. The Model of Emotional Design in Multimedia Learning is proposed to highlight how emotions regulate multimedia learning. Suggestions regarding designing attractive interfaces are provided.

Nationalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-220
Author(s):  
Nils Holtug
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Causal Mechanism

Chapter 7, on nationalism, addresses the so-called ‘national identity argument’, according to which a shared national identity fosters social cohesion and is required for, or at least facilitates, egalitarian redistribution. First, it is argued that the prospect for nation-building policies, built on the idea of a shared national culture, is severely restricted by the liberal egalitarian requirements of justice defended in Chapter 4. Then the causal mechanism through which a national culture is supposed to promote trust and solidarity is scrutinized, and it is argued that it is not really supported by, for example, social identity theory and evidence from social psychology. Finally, empirical studies of the effect of national identity on trust and solidarity are considered, and it is argued that these do not support the national identity argument either.

“The secret to happiness may be unhappiness”

Propelled ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andreas Elpidorou
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Emotional Adaptation ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Conception Of The Good

The chapter explores the nature of the good life, articulates the role that happiness, pleasure, and positive emotions play in such a life, and considers the effects of emotional adaptation and emotional diversity on our well-being. By drawing upon both philosophical literature and research in social psychology and cognitive neuroscience, it argues for a broad conception of the good life, one that does not identify the good life simply with the presence of positive experiences and the absence of negative ones. The chapter shows not only that negative experiences aren’t detrimental to our well-being, but that they are often necessary to achieve it.

scholarly journals Membership without Social Citizenship? Deservingness & Redistribution as Grounds for Equality

Daedalus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Bloemraad ◽  
Will Kymlicka ◽  
Michèle Lamont ◽  
Leanne S. Son Hing
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Cultural Sociology ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
National Solidarity

Western societies have experienced a broadening of inclusive membership, whether we consider legal, interpersonal, or cultural membership. Concurrently, we have witnessed increased tensions around social citizenship, notably harsher judgments or boundaries over who “deserves” public assistance. Some have argued these phenomena are linked, with expanded, more diverse membership corroding solidarity and redistribution. We maintain that such a conclusion is premature and, especially, unsatisfactory: it fails to detail the processes–at multiple levels of analysis–behind tensions over membership and social citizenship. This essay draws on normative political theory, social psychology, cultural sociology, and political studies to build a layered explanatory framework that highlights the importance of individual feelings of group identity and threat for people's beliefs and actions; the significance of broader cultural repertoires and notions of national solidarity as a source and product of framing contests; and the diverse ways elites, power, and institutions affect notions of membership and deservingness.

Social Exchange Theory: Its Structure and Influence in Social Psychology.

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry C. Bredemeir ◽  
J. K. Chadwick-Jones ◽  
Peter P. Ekeh ◽  
Anthony Heath ◽  
Alfred Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Exchange Theory

The Varieties of Self-Transcendent Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bryce Yaden ◽  
Jonathan Haidt ◽  
Ralph W. Hood ◽  
David R. Vago ◽  
Andrew B. Newberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Peak Experiences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Depersonalization Disorder ◽  
Transcendent Experience

Various forms of self-loss have been described as aspects of mental illness (e.g., depersonalization disorder), but might self-loss also be related to mental health? In this integrative review and proposed organizational framework, we focus on self-transcendent experiences (STEs)—transient mental states marked by decreased self-salience and increased feelings of connectedness. We first identify common psychological constructs that contain a self-transcendent aspect, including mindfulness, flow, peak experiences, mystical-type experiences, and certain positive emotions (e.g., love, awe). We then propose psychological and neurobiological mechanisms that may mediate the effects of STEs based on a review of the extant literature from social psychology, clinical psychology, and affective neuroscience. We conclude with future directions for further empirical research on these experiences.

The evolutionary social psychology of religious beliefs

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Coalitional Psychology ◽  
Supernatural Beliefs

Atran & Norenzayan (A&N) are correct that religion is an evolutionary by-product, not an adaptation, but they do not go far enough. Once supernatural beliefs are enabled by processes they describe, numerous social-cognitive mechanisms related to attachment, social exchange, coalitional psychology, status and dominance, and kinship are crucial for explaining the specific forms religion takes and individual and cultural differences therein.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document