scholarly journals A closer look at fixed effects regression in SEM

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Kenneth Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

This article provides an in-depth look at the method of fixed-effects regression in the structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. It is meant for those who are less familiar with SEM but interested in panel data analysis as well as those familiar with SEM but new to fixed-effects regression. It demonstrates the decomposition of observed variables into within- and between-unit variance components using latent variables and gives an intuitive least squares-based explanation of latent variable estimation. The estimation of the substantive effect coefficients is shown analytically. The procedure is demonstrated on simulated as well as real-world data using the German Family Panel Survey (pairfam). The example analyses show the SEM results are identical to the conventional methods of pooled ordinary least squares on demeaned data. The supplementary materials provide the model code for use in replication and further study.

scholarly journals Structural Equation Modeling for the Effect of Main Factors on Abortion Issue

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Aras Jalal Mhamad ◽  
Renas Abubaker Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Main Factors

       Based on medical exchange and medical information processing theories with statistical tools, our study proposes and tests a research model that investigates main factors behind abortion issue. Data were collected from the survey of Maternity hospital in Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Iraq. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is a powerful technique as it estimates the causal relationship between more than one dependent variable and many independent variables, which is ability to incorporate quantitative and qualitative data, and it shows how all latent variables are related to each other. The dependent latent variable in SEM which have one-way arrows pointing to them is called endogenous variable while others are exogenous variables. The structural equation modeling results reveal is underlying mechanism through which statistical tools, as relationship between factors; previous disease information, food and drug information, patient address, mother’s information, abortion information, which are caused abortion problem. Simply stated, the empirical data support the study hypothesis and the research model we have proposed is viable. The data of the study were obtained from a survey of Maternity hospital in Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Iraq, which is in close contact with patients for long periods, and it is number one area for pregnant women to obtain information about the abortion issue. The results shows arrangement about factors effectiveness as mentioned at section five of the study. This gives the conclusion that abortion problem must be more concern than the other pregnancy problem.

scholarly journals A Behavioral Model of Drivers’ Mean Speed Influenced by Weather Conditions, Road Geometry, and Driver Characteristics Using a Driving Simulator Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mehdi Zolali ◽  
Babak Mirbaha ◽  
Maziyar Layegh ◽  
Hamid Reza Behnood
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
The Mean

Driving above the speed limit is one of the factors that significantly affect safety. Many studies examined the factors affecting the speed of vehicles in the simulated environment. The present study aimed to analyze drivers’ characteristics, time and weather conditions, and geometric features’ effect on mean speed in simulated conditions simultaneously. In this regard, the simulator experiment data of 70 drivers were collected in a two-lane rural highway at six different times, and weather scenarios and their socioeconomic characteristics were collected by a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to capture the complex relationships among related variables. Eleven variables were grouped into four latent variables in the structural model. Latent variables including “Novice Drivers,” “Experienced Drivers,” “Sight Distance,” and “Geometric Design” were defined and found significant on their mean speed. The results showed that “Novice Drivers” have a positive correlation with the mean speed. Meanwhile, “Experienced Drivers,” who drive 12% slower than the novice group, negatively affect the mean speed with a standard regression weight of −0.08. This relation means that young and novice drivers are more inclined to choose higher speeds. Among variables, the latent variable “Sight Distance” has the most significant effect on the mean speed. This model shows that foggy weather conditions strongly affect the speed selection behavior and reduce the mean speed by 40%. Nighttime also reduces mean speed due to poor visibility conditions. Furthermore, “Geometric design” as the latent variable indicates the presence of curves on the simulated road, and it can be concluded that the existence of a curve on the road encourages drivers to slow down, even young drivers. It is noteworthy that the parts of the simulated road with a horizontal curve act as a speed reduction tool for drivers.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU PERILAKU GURU SMP MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE: STUDI KASUS DI PROVINSI RIAU

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Defrizal Hamka ◽  
Neng Sholihat
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Facility Conditions

The purpose of this research is to investigate factors that influence the intent of behavior using technology in online learning. The study uses structural equation modeling using a partial least square approach to test the hypotheses. Respondents selected using purposive sampling, and the questionnaires were distributed through online surveys and received a response of 96 respondents. Results show that latent variables, performance expectations, business expectations, and facility conditions have a positive and significant relationship with the intent of individual behaviour in the use of technology in online learning. The latent variable "condition facility" is the most influential factor. This research provides an important overview and understanding for policymakers in designing frameworks to pay attention to facility conditions. Further research is suggested in the future covering samples from various provinces in Indonesia. This study adds to the literature primarily on factors affecting behavioral intent to use technology in online learning. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat perilaku guru menggunakan teknologi dalam pembelajaran online. Penelitian ini menggunakan pemodelan persamaan struktural dengan menggunakan pendekatan partial least square untuk menguji hipotesis. Berdasarkan purposive sampling, kuesioner disebarkan melalui survei online dan mendapat tanggapan dari 96 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel laten, ekspektasi kinerja, ekspektasi usaha, dan kondisi fasilitas memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan niat perilaku individu dalam penggunaan teknologi dalam pembelajaran online. Variabel laten “fasilitas kondisi” merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran dan pemahaman penting bagi pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang kerangka kerja untuk memperhatikan kondisi fasilitas. Penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan di masa depan mencakup sampel dari berbagai provinsi di Indonesia. Studi ini menambah literatur terutama pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat perilaku untuk menggunakan teknologi dalam pembelajaran online.

New developments in latent variable panel analyses of longitudinal data

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd D. Little ◽  
Kristopher J. Preacher ◽  
James P. Selig ◽  
Noel A. Card
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Mediated Effects

We review fundamental issues in one traditional structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to analyzing longitudinal data — cross-lagged panel designs. We then discuss a number of new developments in SEM that are applicable to analyzing panel designs. These issues include setting appropriate scales for latent variables, specifying an appropriate null model, evaluating factorial invariance in an appropriate manner, and examining both direct and indirect (mediated), effects in ways better suited for panel designs. We supplement each topic with discussion intended to enhance conceptual and statistical understanding.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DALAM PEMESANAN TIKET PESAWAT SECARA ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE (PLS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
Trisnawati Gusnawita Berutu ◽  
Abdul Hoyyi ◽  
Sugito Sugito
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Access Security

Technology advances are bring rapid changes, thus bringing the world to the information society. From this technological progress thus e-commerce emerged, as a means to meet the needs of goods and services through internet access (online). This is what the airlines utilized by cooperating with various internet service providers (online), to provide convenience and comfort of airplane passengers in buying tickets without having to come directly to the place and through intermediaries. To provide the best service, need to know what factors that influence customer satisfaction in ordering airline tickets online. Appropriate modeling for this problem using structural equation modeling, with Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The PLS approach is chosen because it is not based on several assumptions, one of these is the normal multivariate assumption. In this research, the exogenous latent variables used are performance, access, security, sensation, information, and web design, while the endogenous latent variables are satisfaction and loyalty. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the latent variables of access, security, sensation, information, and web design are able to explain the latent satisfaction variable of 70.32% while the satisfaction latent variable is able to explain the latent variable of loyalty by 36.02%. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Competing Approaches to Analyzing Cross-Classified Data: Random Effects Models, Ordinary Least Squares, or Fixed Effects with Cluster Robust Standard Errors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Ri Lee ◽  
James E Pustejovsky
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Study ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

Cross-classified random effects modeling (CCREM) is a common approach for analyzing cross-classified data in education. However, when the focus of a study is on the regression coefficients at level one rather than on the random effects, ordinary least squares regression with cluster robust variance estimators (OLS-CRVE) or fixed effects regression with CRVE (FE-CRVE) could be appropriate approaches. These alternative methods may be advantageous because they rely on weaker assumptions than what is required by CCREM. We conducted a Monte Carlo Simulation study to compare the performance of CCREM, OLS-CRVE, and FE-CRVE in models with crossed random effects, including conditions where homoscedasticity assumptions and exogeneity assumptions held and conditions where they were violated. We found that CCREM performed the best when its assumptions are all met. However, when homoscedasticity assumptions are violated, OLS-CRVE and FE-CRVE provided similar or better performance than CCREM. FE-CRVE showed the best performance when the exogeneity assumption is violated. Thus, we recommend two-way FE-CRVE as a good alternative to CCREM, particularly if the homoscedasticity or exogeneity assumptions of the CCREM might be in doubt.

MODELING OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE BASED ON PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE - STRUCTURAL EQUATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Miftahuddin Miftahuddin ◽  
Retno Wahyuni Putri ◽  
Ichsan Setiawan ◽  
Rina Suryani Oktari
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Equation Modeling

Variability of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of the climatic features that influence global and regional climate dynamics. Missing data (gaps) in the SST dataset are worth investigating since they may statistically alter the value of the SST change. The partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach is used in this work to estimate the causality relationships between exogenous and endogenous latent variables. The findings of this study, which are significant indicators that have a loading factor value > 0.7 are as follows: i) sea surface temperature (oC) as a measure of the latent variable changes in SST, ii) wind speed (m/s) and relative humidity (%) as a measure of the latent variable of weather, and iii) air temperature (oC), long-wave solar radiation (w/m2) as a measure of climate latent variables. The size of the Rsquare value is influenced by the number of gaps. The results of the boostrapping show that the latent variables of weather and climate have a significant effect on changes in SST which are indicated by the value of tstatistics > ttabel. The structural model obtained Changes in SST (η) = -0.330 weather + 0.793 climate + ζ. The model shows that the weather has a negative coefficient, which means that the better the weather conditions, the lower the SST changes. Climate has a positive coefficient, which means that the better the climate, the SST changes will also increase. Rising sea surface temperatures caused by an increase in climate can lead to global warming, impacting El-Nino and La-Nina events.

scholarly journals Lagrange Multiplier Test for Spatial Autoregressive Model with Latent Variables

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Anik Anekawati ◽  
Bambang Widjanarko Otok ◽  
Purhadi Purhadi ◽  
Sutikno Sutikno
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Lagrange Multiplier ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive Model ◽  
Lm Test ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive

The focus of this research is to develop a Lagrange multiplier (LM) test of spatial dependence for the spatial autoregressive model (SAR) with latent variables (LVs). It was arranged by the standard SAR, where the independent variables were replaced by factor scores of the exogenous latent variables from a measurement model (in structural equation modeling) as well as their dependent variables. As a result, an error distribution of the SAR-LVs should have a different distribution from the standard SAR. Therefore, this LM test for the SAR-LVs is based on the new distribution. The estimation of the latent variables used a weighted least squares (WLS) method. The estimation of the SAR-LVs parameter used a two-stage least squares (2SLS) method. The SAR-LVs model was applied to the model with a positive and negative spatial autoregressive coefficient to illustrate how it was interpreted.

scholarly journals Regularized Structural Equation Modeling with Stability Selection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobei Li ◽  
Ross Jacobucci
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Free Lunch ◽  
Stability Selection ◽  
Selection Operator ◽  
No Free Lunch

Regularization methods such as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) are commonly used in high dimensional data to achieve sparser solutions. They are also becoming increasingly popular in social and behavioral research. Recently methods such as regularized structural equation modeling (SEM) and penalized likelihood SEM have been proposed, trying to transfer the benefits of regularization to models with latent variables involved. However, some drawbacks of the LASSO such as high false positive rates (FPRs) and inconsistency in selection results persist at the same time. We propose the use of stability selection (Meinshausen & Bu ̈hlmann, 2010) as a mechanism to overcome these limitations, demonstrating simulation conditions in which it improves performance, and simulation conditions in which it does not. In this paper, we point out that there is no free lunch, and researchers should be aware of those problems when applying regularization to latent variable models, concluding with an empirical example and further discussion of the application of regularization to SEM.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL PADA APLIKASI PLATFORM SHOPEE DENGAN PENDEKATAN PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE (STUDI KASUS PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-434
Author(s):  
Ovie Auliya’atul Faizah ◽  
Suparti Suparti ◽  
Abdul Hoyyi
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Technology Acceptance Model ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Acceptance Model

E-commerce refers to business transactions using digital networks such as the internet. Based on the rank on the Appstore and Playstore, Shopee places the first rank. In 2019, Shopee had 56 million visitors. Meanwhile, in the same year, it had 3,225 workers. The imbalance between the number of Shopee visitors and Shopee employees allows users to be disappointed with Shopee's services, but on the other hand, there are also many users who are happy with its services. With both positive and negative responses to the services provided by Shopee, this study analyzes the factors affecting the acceptance of Shopee Apps on students of Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. The analysis was based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It used the Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) approach. The study used primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to students of Universitas Diponegoro. The result showed 28 valid indicators, 5 deal inner models, and 8 significant pathways. All the causality between latent variables contained in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) have a positive and significant effect, it's just that the results of integrating trust variables on TAM, namely the latent variable between trust and interest in usage behavior, have no significant effect. 

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