scholarly journals Saiga horn user characteristics, motivations, and purchasing behaviour in Singapore: Research Brief

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Doughty ◽  
Diogo Veríssimo ◽  
Regina Tan ◽  
Janice Ser Huay Lee ◽  
L Roman Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Water ◽  
Product Form ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour

Key findings-19% of individuals interviewed stated saiga was a product they use most often, to treat heatiness or fever in themselves or others.-Saiga users were significantly more likely to be aged 36-59 years old and to identify as Buddhist or Taoist.-47% of individuals who use saiga themselves also buy it for someone else.-Women aged 35-59 years old were significantly more likely to purchase saiga for someone else.-Saiga ‘cooling water’ was the most commonly preferred product form.-Saiga users were significantly more likely than non- saiga users to think that saiga was common in the wild.

scholarly journals Saiga horn user characteristics, motivations, and purchasing behaviour in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Doughty ◽  
Diogo Veríssimo ◽  
Regina Tan ◽  
Janice Ser Huay Lee ◽  
L Roman Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Research ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
In The Wild

Unsustainable wildlife trade is a pervasive issue affecting wildlife globally. To address this issue, a plethora of demand reduction efforts have been carried out. These necessitate consumer research which provides crucial knowledge for designing and evaluating targeted interventions. We implemented a rigorous consumer survey on saiga (Saiga tatarica) horn use in Singapore, where usage is legal and widely sold. Saiga are Critically Endangered antelopes from Central Asia with horns (often marketed as ling yang) used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Few past studies have assessed saiga horn consumers. This work is the most extensive consumer research to date specifically characterising saiga horn consumers and usage. We conducted 2294 in-person surveys on saiga horn use with Chinese Singaporeans, employing neutral questioning approaches. We found 19% of individuals reported saiga horn as a product they choose most often for themselves and/or others when treating fever and/or heatiness (a TCM state of illness), indicating a minimum estimate of high-frequency usage, not including possible low-frequency users. Overall saiga users were most characterised as middle-aged Buddhists and Taoists. However, saiga users were found in a range of demographic groups. Women preferred saiga shavings (the more traditional form), while men preferred saiga cooling water (the more modern form). About 53% of individuals who used saiga horn themselves also bought it for someone else. Buyers for others were most likely to be female middle-aged Buddhists or Taoists. Key motivating reasons for usage were “it works” and “someone recommended it to me.” The top two reported recommenders were family and TCM shopkeepers. Saiga users were more likely than non-saiga users to perceive saiga as a common species in the wild. This research holds significance for interventions targeting saiga horn consumption within Singapore and throughout Asia, by identifying potential target audiences, product types, non-desirable alternatives, and motivations for use.

scholarly journals Saiga horn user characteristics, motivations, and purchasing behaviour in Singapore

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0222038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Doughty ◽  
Diogo Veríssimo ◽  
Regina Chun Qi Tan ◽  
Janice Ser Huay Lee ◽  
L Roman Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Characteristics ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour

scholarly journals Correction: Saiga horn user characteristics, motivations, and purchasing behaviour in Singapore

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0226721
Author(s):  
Hunter Doughty ◽  
Diogo Veríssimo ◽  
Regina Chun Qi Tan ◽  
Janice Ser Huay Lee ◽  
L Roman Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Characteristics ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour

A SYSTEM FOR PROTECTING AN OIL DIFFUSION PUMP AGAINST FAILURE OF THE MECHANICAL FORE PUMP, COOLING WATER, OR ELECTRICITY

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
W. C. Bigelow ◽  
F. B. Drogosz ◽  
S. Nitschke
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Pump Line ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Control Relay ◽  
Vacuum Systems ◽  
Vacuum Gage ◽  
Pressure Switch

High vacuum systems with oil diffusion pumps usually have a pressure switch to protect against Insufficient cooling water; however, If left unattended for long periods of time, failure of the mechanical fore pump can occur with equally serious results. The device shown schematically in Fig. 1 has been found to give effective protection against both these failures, yet it is inexpensive and relatively simple to build and operate.With this system, pressure in the fore pump line is measured by thermocouple vacuum gage TVG (CVC G.TC-004) whose output is monitored by meter relay MRy (Weston 1092 Sensitrol) which is set to close if the pressure rises above about 0.2 torr. This energizes control relay CRy (Potter & Brumfield KA5Y 120VAC SPDT) cutting off power to solenoid-operated fore line valve Vf (Cenco 94280-4 Norm. Closed) which closes to prevent further leakage of air into the diffusion pump

Freeze-substituted fungal cells of Nectria haematococca: A comparison of the macroconidial walls of the adhesion-competent wild type with an adhesion-reduced mutant

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-689
Author(s):  
Thecan Caesar-Ton That ◽  
Lynn Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Tube Emergence ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Freeze Damage

Nectria haematococca mating population I (anamorph, Fusarium solani) macroconidia attach to its host (squash) and non-host surfaces prior to germ tube emergence. The macroconidia become adhesive after a brief period of protein synthesis. Recently, Hickman et al. (1989) isolated N. haematococca adhesion-reduced mutants. Using freeze substitution, we compared the development of the macroconidial wall in the wild type in comparison to one of the mutants, LEI.Macroconidia were harvested at 1C, washed by centrifugation, resuspended in a dilute zucchini fruit extract and incubated from 0 - 5 h. During the incubation period, wild type macroconidia attached to uncoated dialysis tubing. Mutant macroconidia did not attach and were collected on poly-L-lysine coated dialysis tubing just prior to freezing. Conidia on the tubing were frozen in liquid propane at 191 - 193C, substituted in acetone with 2% OsO4 and 0.05% uranyl acetate, washed with acetone, and flat-embedded in Epon-Araldite. Using phase contrast microscopy at 1000X, cells without freeze damage were selected, remounted, sectioned and post-stained sequentially with 1% Ba(MnO4)2 2% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. At least 30 cells/treatment were examined.

A preliminary semantic differential study on users' product form perception

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Jian Luo ◽  
Ming-Xi Tang ◽  
Shang-Shang Zhu ◽  
John Hamilton Frazer ◽  
Shou-Qian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Product Form ◽  
Form Perception

Dispersion of Cooling Water From a Coastal LNG Plant

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ackers ◽  
J.D. Pitt ◽  
G. Thompson ◽  
K.G. Rippin
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Water

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

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