scholarly journals The platform governance triangle: conceptualising the informal regulation of online content

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gorwa
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Informal Regulation ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Oversight Body

From the new Facebook ‘Oversight Body’ for content moderation to the ‘Christchurch Call to eliminate terrorism and violent extremism online,’ a growing number of voluntary and non-binding informal governance initiatives have recently been proposed as attractive ways to rein in Facebook, Google, and other platform companies hosting user-generated content. Drawing on the literature on transnational corporate governance, this article reviews a number of informal arrangements governing online content on platforms in Europe, mapping them onto Abbott and Snidal’s (2009) ‘governance triangle’ model. I discuss three key dynamics shaping the success of informal governance arrangements: actor competencies, ‘legitimation politics,’ and inter-actor relationships of power and coercion.

From “Cyberterrorism” to “Online Radicalism”

2014 ◽  
pp. 198-217
Author(s):  
Maura Conway
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Digital Video ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Violent Extremism

This chapter explores the changes that have taken place in the role and functioning of the Internet in terrorism and counter-terrorism in the past decade. It traces the shift in focus from a preoccupation with the threat of so-called “cyberterrorism” in the period pre- and immediately post-9/11 to the contemporary emphasis on the role of the Internet in processes of violent radicalization. The cyberterrorism threat is explained as over-hyped herein, and the contemporary focus, by researchers and policymakers, on the potential of the Internet as a vehicle for violent radicalization viewed as more appropriate albeit not without its difficulties. This change in emphasis is at least partially predicated, it is argued, on the significant changes that occurred in the nature and functioning of the Internet in the last decade: the advent of Web 2.0, with its emphasis on social networking, user generated content, and digital video is treated as particularly salient in this regard. Description and analysis of both “negative” and “positive” Internet-based Counter Violent Extremism (CVE) and online counterterrorism measures and their evolutions are also supplied.

scholarly journals Formal and Informal Governance Arrangements to Boost Sustainable and Inclusive Rural-Urban Synergies: An Analysis of the Metropolitan Area of Styria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10637
Author(s):  
Theresia Oedl-Wieser ◽  
Kerstin Hausegger-Nestelberger ◽  
Thomas Dax ◽  
Lisa Bauchinger
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Region ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Governance Arrangement ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Uniform Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Governance Arrangements

In the past, the contrasts between rural and urban regions were the primary feature of analysis, while today, spatial dynamics are realized by the interactions between spaces and focus on the dependencies of rural-urban areas. This implies that boundaries are not anymore perceived as fixed but as flexible and fluid. With rising spatial interrelations, the concept of the “city-region” has been increasingly regarded as a meaningful concept for the implementation of development policies. Governance arrangements working at the rural-urban interface are often highly complex. They are characterized by horizontal and vertical coordination of numerous institutional public and private actors. In general, they provide opportunities to reap benefits and try to ameliorate negative outcomes but, due to asymmetric power relations, rural areas are often challenged to make their voice heard within city-region governance structures which can too easily become focused on the needs of the urban areas. This paper addresses these issues of rural-urban partnerships through the case of the Metropolitan Area of Styria. It presents analyses on the core issue of how to recognize the structure and driving challenges for regional co-operation and inter-communal collaboration in this city-region. Data were collected through workshops with regional stakeholders and interviews with mayors. Although the Metropolitan Area of Styria occupies an increased reference in policy discourses, the city-region has not grown to a uniform region and there are still major differences in terms of economic performance, the distribution of decision-making power, accessibility and development opportunities. If there should be established a stronger material and imagined cohesion in the city-region, it requires enhanced assistance for municipalities with less financial and personal resources, and tangible good practices of inter-municipal co-operation. The ability to act at a city-regional level depends highly on the commitment for co-operation in the formal and informal governance arrangement, and on the willingness for political compromises as well as on the formulation of common future goals.

scholarly journals The End of ‘Corporate’ Governance: Hello ‘Platform’ Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fenwick ◽  
Joseph A. McCahery ◽  
Erik P. M. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Platform Governance

scholarly journals Generous Attitudes and Online Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor Fiers ◽  
Aaron Shaw ◽  
Eszter Hargittai
Keyword(s):  
Dictator Game ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Online Participation ◽  
Experimental Measure ◽  
Review Question ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
The Relationship

Some of the most popular websites depend on user-generated content produced and aggregated by unpaid volunteers. Contributing in such ways constitutes a type of generous behavior, as it costs time and energy while benefiting others. This study examines the relationship between contributions to a variety of online information resources and an experimental measure of generosity, the dictator game. Results suggest that contributors to any type of online content tend to donate more in the dictator game than those who do not contribute at all. When disaggregating by type of contribution, we find that those who write reviews, upload public videos, write or answer questions, and contribute to encyclopedic collections online are more generous in the dictator game than their non-contributing counterparts. These findings suggest that generous attitudes help to explain variation in contributions to review, question-and-answer, video, and encyclopedic websites.

scholarly journals The existential stakes of platform governance and online content regulation: a critical conceptual model

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Charilaos Papaevangelou
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Content Regulation

This study introduces a comprehensive yet non-exhaustive overview of literature concerning the concepts of regulation and governance, and attempts to connect them to scholarly works that deal with social media platforms’ content regulation. The paper provides fundamental definitions of regulation and governance, along with a critique of polycentricity, in order to contextualise the discussion around platform governance and online content regulation. Regulation is framed here as a governance mechanism within a polycentric governance model where stakeholders have competing interests, even if sometimes they coincide. Moreover, where traditional governance literature conceptualised stakeholders as a triangle, this article proposes imagining them as overlapping circles of governance clusters with competing interests, going beyond the triad of public, private and non-governmental actors. Finally, the paper contends that that there exists a timely need to reimagine the way in which we understand and study phenomena appertaining to public discourse by adopting the platform governance perspective, which is framed as the advancement of internet governance. Finally, the article ascertains to study the governance of online content and social media platforms not as a sub-section of internet governance but as a conceptual evolution with existential stakes.

Corporate Governance and Culture in Banking

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Hagendorff
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Executive Pay ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Governance Arrangements

Banks differ from non-financial firms. These differences affect the manner of agency conflicts between the various bank stakeholder groups compared with non-financial firms. However, the main corporate governance arrangements used in the banking industry to mitigate these agency conflicts are largely similar to those of non-financial firms. A case in point is executive compensation. No other major industry has less equity on the balance sheet than banking. However, executive pay in banking is linked to shareholder wealth just as in other industries thus exacerbating existing incentives for bank managers to shift risk. Further, the governance arrangements in banking make the corporate culture prevailing in banks an important subject to study. This chapter reviews the literature on corporate governance in banking with a focus on those aspects of corporate governance in which banks (should) differ from non-financial firms, that is, executive compensation, the composition of the board of directors, and culture in banks. The chapter encourages a more profound rethink of the corporate governance of banks.

Governance in NHS Foundation Trusts

2016 ◽  
pp. 167-187
Author(s):  
Robert Nesbitt ◽  
Amr Kotb
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Healthcare Market ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
New Form ◽  
Foundation Trusts ◽  
Governance Arrangements

NHS Foundation Trusts (FTs) came into existence in 2004 as part of a suite of system reforms that reintroduced a healthcare market in England. Over the last decade over half of the 265 English NHS Trusts have made the transition to FT status and to a new form of corporate governance that is accountable to locally elected governors. Whilst research into the governance arrangements for these new entities has explored several theoretical frameworks, no model has satisfactorily explained the rationale for the adoption of a commercial governance code underpinned by a democratic accountability process. In this chapter, the authors draw on insights of FT company secretaries, through a series of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, to explore alternative governance models and to make recommendations that might improve the functioning of elected governors within FTs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document