scholarly journals The Discovery of the Periodic Table - the Chemical Revolution from Lavoisier to Mendeleev

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Phlogiston Theory ◽  
Atomic Theory ◽  
Chemical Revolution ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Made In

This paper was written to investigate the order of discoveries made in chemistry leading up to the discovery of the periodic table. New experimental techniques, such as the pneumatic trough, voltaic pile, spectroscopy, and potassium analysis led to the discovery of many new elements and their properties which enabled the discovery of the periodic table. The discoveries led to the demise of the classical theory of the elements, to the end of the phlogiston theory and to the creation of the modern ideas of the elements and of the atomic theory. The paper shows the discoveries were made in a necessary and inevitable order with new experimental techniques leading to the discovery of new elements which eventually led to the discovery of the periodic table.

THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE PERIODIC TABLE: AN OVERVIEW OF EVENTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE CREATION OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Teleshov ◽  
◽  
Elena Teleshova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Other ◽  
Periodic Law ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Periodic Arrangement ◽  
Made In

It has been 150 years since D.I. Mendeleev formulated the Periodic law and expressed it visually in the form of a table of elements in 1869. As is clearly well known today, Mendeleev’s ideas, confirmed by the discovery of the elements he predicted, turned out to be very promising indeed. However, Mendeleev was not the first, nor the only scientist to have investigated the periodic arrangement of the elements. With this in mind, the present paper seeks to highlight some of the other efforts made in the field during Mendeleev’s lifetime. Keywords: D. Mendeleev, periodic table, table options, history of science.

The Kaččā and the Pakkā: Disenchanting the Film Event in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-295
Author(s):  
Timothy P. A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
British India ◽  
Film Exhibition ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Made In

AbstractFor many city dwellers in Pakistan the distant memory of outdoor cinemas in their ancestral villages rekindles the thrill of first contact with film exhibition. This paper considers attempts made in colonial British India and postcolonial Pakistan to understand, wield, and benefit from the staging of such memorable and affective filmic events. In its cultivation of “cinema-minded” subjects, the British Empire commissioned studies of audiences and their reactions to film exhibition in hopes of managing the unruly morality and materiality of the cinematic apparatus. After Partition and the creation of the Dominion of Pakistan, similar studies continued, evincing a residual strategy of elicited contact. The elicitation of film contact aimed at the exertion and commandment of the event of film exhibition for the purposes of knowing their constituent subjects at a moment of malleability. Yet the Empire's struggle with the perceived problems of “Muslim tastes” and audience members’ ambivalence over rural screenings in post-Partition Pakistan calls for a reconsideration of the efficacy of these tactics. I argue that what complicated these encounters are affective responses that questioned the address, permissibility, and efficacy of film exhibition. In these tactics of elucidation, disenchantment, and denial, ruptures are refused and the new is dismissed as inoperable, incompatible, or impermissible.

Perspectives on the European Videogame

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
North American ◽  
Game Development ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Philosophical Ground ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
European Production ◽  
Made In

The history of European videogames has been so far overshadowed by the global impact of the Japanese and North American industries. However, European game development studios have played a major role in videogame history, and prominent videogames in popular culture, such as <i>Grand Theft Auto</i>, <i>Tomb Raider</i> and <i>Alone in the Dark</i> were made in Europe. This book proposes an exploration of European videogames, including both analyses of transnational aspects of European production and close readings of national specificities. It offers a kaleidoscope of European videogame culture, focusing on the analysis of European works and creators but also addressing contextual aspects and placing videogames within a wider sociocultural and philosophical ground. The aim of this collective work is to contribute to the creation of a, so far, almost non-existent yet necessary academic endeavour: a story of the works, authors, styles and cultures of the European videogame.

The Changing Relation between Atomicity and Elementarity

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Marina P. Banchetti-Robino
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Atomic Theory ◽  
Chemical Revolution ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
Form Compound ◽  
Nature Of Matter

Early modern efforts to reconceptualize atomicity as a chymical notion fell by the wayside during the chemical revolution, as Antoine Lavoisier’s desire to transform chemistry into a strictly empirical and quantitative science led him to reject all metaphysical speculation about the fundamental nature of matter. Instead, Lavoisier focused on identifying elementary substances, which he defined operationally as the final products of chemical analysis. Our current understanding of the relation between atoms and elements, however, owes a great deal to the work of nineteenth-century chemist John Dalton. Dalton’s chemical atomic theory reconciled the concepts of “atomicity” and “elementarity” and rendered both as empirical and chemical notions, amenable to measurement and quantitative analysis. One of the central goals of Dalton’s theory was understanding how relative weights of chemical atoms determine the properties of elements and how the chemical atoms of different elements combine to form compound substances. Thus, Dalton’s theory provided a way of studying and measuring the properties of atoms and elements in a way that allowed chemists to finally understand the chemical relations between them.

Part I Foundational Issues, 2 Current Theorizations about the Treaty in International Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
d’Aspremont Jean
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Made In

This chapter has two primary aims. First, it sketches out the existing theorizations about treaties, elaborating the various dualist modes of thinking currently dominating international legal thought and practice. Second, it seeks to supplement current theorizations with some new perspectives. Specifically, it identifies three overlooked uses of the idea of the treaty in contemporary legal thought and practice that may further current theorizations about treaties. In particular, the second part shows the extent to which the idea of the treaty allows (i) the creation of conceptual anachronisms in the making of historical narratives about international law, (ii) the simplification of the processes of its interpretation, and (iii) the construction of a magic descendance that shield those invoking the treaty from any responsibility for anything that is made in the name of the treaty.

4. The eightfold path: organizing the elements

2004 ◽  
pp. 65-90
Author(s):  
Philip Ball
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Atomic Theory ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
Jean Perrin

‘The eightfold path: organizing the elements’ explains the history and rationale of the Periodic Table. Atomic theory was not fully accepted until Jean Perrin proved the existence of atoms in 1908. Rutherford et al went further, elucidating subatomic particles. This provided new insights into the Periodic Table, created decades earlier by Mendeleyev. Mendeleyev was not the first to attempt to group the elements. However, an improved set of atomic weights published in 1860 caused an upsurge in research. Mendeleyev's Table showed the order underlying the elements, left gaps for new elements, and questioned irreconcilable data. This data was eventually reconciled partly by Rutherford, and partly by Bohr's application of quantum theory.

Systematics of Anomalies in the Filling of Electron Orbitals of Chemical Elements

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
G. V. Zhizhin
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Higher Dimension ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Gold Platinum

This article examines the systematized and defined laws of anomalies in the filling of the electronic orbitals of the periodic table of chemical elements. The particulars of the chemical compounds caused by these anomalies investigated. It is shown that the deviation from the accepted order of filling electron orbitals contribute to an increase in the activity of the elements. As a result, among the anomalous elements are so important for us elements such as copper, silver, gold, platinum, uranium, and others. The anomalous elements participating in the creation of complex chemical compounds lead to molecules of higher dimension.

scholarly journals Conserving Shells in Kenya

Oryx ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart M. Evans ◽  
Graham Knowles ◽  
Charlis Pye-Smith ◽  
Rachel Scott
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Made In

Over-collecting of shells on the Kenya coast, mainly for sale to tourists, has almost denuded some popular and accessible sites. In some formerly rich areas few molluscs can now be found, and collecting has shifted to more inaccessible sites. The authors describe an investigation they made in 1972 and 1974 into stocks held by dealers and the effects on the wild populations. They emphasise the importance of the marine national parks at Malindi and Watamu, where regular patrolling effectively prevents collecting and there are signs that cowries at least may now be re-establishing themselves. The creation of a third and much larger marine national park, near Shimoni, will protect another area rich in shells.

scholarly journals Polar analogues of two theorems by Minkowski

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Mahler
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Distance Function ◽  
Convex Bodies ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
Geometry Of Numbers ◽  
Basic Theorem ◽  
The Real ◽  
Unit Hypersphere ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Made In

Since Minkowski's time, much progress has been made in the geometry of numbers, even as far as the geometry of numbers of convex bodies is concerned. But, surprisingly, one rather obvious interpretation of classical theorems in this theory has so far escaped notice.Minkowski's basic theorem establishes an upper estimate for the smallest positive value of a convex distance function F(x) on the lattice of all points x with integral coordinates. By contrast, we shall establish a lower estimate for F(x) at all the real points X on a suitable hyperplanewith integral coefficients u1, …, un not all zero. We arrive at this estimate by means of applying to Minkowski's Theorem the classical concept of polarity relative to the unit hypersphereThis concept of polarity allows generally to associate with known theorems on point lattices analogous theorems on what we call hyperplane lattices. These new theorems, although implicit in the old ones, seem to have some interest and perhaps further work on hyperplane lattices may lead to useful results.In the first sections of this note a number of notations and results from the classical theory will be collected. The later sections deal then with the consequences of polarity.

Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Built with VLSI Tools

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn-Yu Lin ◽  
J.G. Fleming ◽  
E. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Photonic Crystal Slabs ◽  
The Creation ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Made In

The drive toward miniature photonic devices has been hindered by our inability to tightly control and manipulate light. Moreover, photonics technologies are typically not based on silicon and, until recently, only indirectly benefited from the rapid advances being made in silicon processing technology. In the first part of this article, the successful fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals using silicon processing will be discussed. This advance has been made possible through the use of integrated-circuit (IC) fabrication technologies (e.g., very largescale integration, VLSI) and may enable the penetration of Si processing into photonics. In the second part, we describe the creation of 2D photonic-crystal slabs operating at the λ = 1.55 μm communications wavelength. This class of 2D photonic crystals is particularly promising for planar on-chip guiding, trapping, and switching of light.

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