scholarly journals Agronomic performance evaluation of cowpea seeds holed by the cowpea seed bruchids, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in the screen house

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
R. A. Adebayo ◽  
◽  
F. I. Osobase ◽  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Screen House

Assessment irradiation effects on different development stages of Callosobruchus maculatus and on chemical, physical and microbiological quality of cowpea seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hammad ◽  
A. Gabarty ◽  
R. A. Zinhoum
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
F1 Generation

AbstractIrradiation is a physical, environmentally friendly treatment which does not leave any residues in the product. It is increasingly used as an alternative to methyl bromide and other chemical fumigants for disinfestation of insect pest in stored grains. In this research, we try to evaluate the effect of low gamma irradiation doses in the range of 50–1200 Gy on the different stages of Callosobruchus maculatus. It was found that no adults emerged after irradiation of eggs at 450 Gy. No emerging adults (F1 generation) have been shown when larvae or pupae were exposed to 650 Gy. Also, no emerging adult has been shown from the parental C. maculatus adults irradiated with 650 Gy. When suppression of F1 generation was used for the measuring effective irradiation dose and phytosanitary efficacy, 650 Gy was required for disinfestation of cowpea seed weevils. The irradiation dose level of 650 Gy was used for the large-scale confirmatory tests applied to 27,754 adults of C. maculatus in cowpea seeds resulting in non F1 adults' production with a confidence level of 93.77%. All the physical and chemical characteristics of cowpea seeds were non-significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the irradiation dose of 650 Gy. Meanwhile, this irradiation dose very slightly reduced the microbial load of cowpea seeds. We recommend the generic dose 650 Gy as the phytosanitary irradiation dose for the cowpea seed weevil.

scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF PIPER GUINEENSE (SCHUMACH AND THONN) SEED OIL AGAINST CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN STORED COWPEA SEEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
Chukwunonso O. Nzelu ◽  
Kingsley C. Emeasor ◽  
Nnaemeka J. Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Cowpea Seed

Post-harvest losses due to insect pest infestation in storage constitute a challenge to sustainable food security and economic losses to farmers throughout the world. Use of synthetic chemicals have been the most effective means of reducing losses in storage. Unfortunately, these toxicants have adverse effects in humans and the environment. There is renewed search for safer plant products as alternatives. In this study, we assessed the potential use of Piper guineense seed oil in the control of cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) infestation on stored cowpea seeds. Adult mortality, oviposition rate, F1 progeny emergence, cowpea seed damage and seed germinability were the indices considered in the assessment under laboratory conditions. The setup of the experiment was completely randomized design (CRD). Statistical analysis of the data was by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Adult C. maculatus mortality was dose-dependent with higher dosages inducing 100% mortality. The number of eggs laid on the treated seeds were significantly (P<0.001) reduced. Progeny emergence and feeding damage were completely inhibited at higher dosages. The seed oil has no adverse effect on cowpea seed viability. The results indicated that P. guineense seed oil has protectant potential against insect pest damage in storage and a good alternative to synthetic insecticides in the control of insect pest of stored products.

scholarly journals Use of X-ray to evaluate damage caused by weevils in cowpea seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto de A Melo ◽  
Victor Augusto Forti ◽  
Silvio M Cicero ◽  
Ana DLC Novembre ◽  
Paulo César T de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Cowpea Seed

In Brazil, the cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], is important in the Northeast Region, where it is typically grown on family farms. The importance of the damage caused to the seed quality of this species by stored pests has been described in various studies. Using X-ray, it is possible to see the internal seed structures and identify possible changes and damage. The objective of this study was to identify the damage caused by the weevil [Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.)] by analyzing X-ray and evaluate its relationship to the physiological quality of the cowpea seed. Three cultivars were used (IPA-206, BRS-Pajeu and BRS-Potengi) and two lines (L 281.005 and L ESP 10). The samples were exposed to X-ray and germination test to determine the cause-effect relationship between weevil damage and seed germination. X-ray images were evaluated to determine damage severity and location in the seed. Seed damage classified as severe, located in the embryonic axis or in the cotyledons, resulted in abnormal seedlings or dead seeds. The X-ray test, therefore, is efficient for evaluating weevil damage in cowpea seeds and the damage caused to be associated with any resulting adverse germination effects.

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
L. A. Afolabi ◽  
A. T. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Ondo State

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom Oja‐Oba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petri‐dish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.

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