The human vaginal microbial community dysbiosis contributes to the urinary tract infections during pregnancy: Case study of Gisenyi District Hospital, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Callixte Yadufashije ◽  
Liliane Muhimpundu ◽  
Emmanuel Munyeshyaka ◽  
Joseph Mucumbitsi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract Infections (UTIs) are the common infections during pregnancy. About 150 million UTIs occur every year globally, and 30% is attributed to pregnant women. Aims and Objective: The study was carried out to observe the association with vaginal microbial community imbalance and urinary tract infections among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 pregnant women were recruited. Of the 80 women, 40 were pregnant with UTI, and the remaining 40 were women without UTI. About 80 vaginal swab samples were collected and transported to INES clinical microbiology laboratory for microbiological analysis. Laboratory techniques including culture, gram stain, and biochemical tests were performed. ANOVA-2 was used for comparison, while chi square (χ2) was used to test for association. Results: E. coli was predominant among women with UTIs while Lactobacilli predominated among women without UTIs. There was a statistical significance association with vaginal microbial community imbalance and urinary tract infection among pregnant women to Escherichia coli (χ2=9.97, p=0.0015), Staphylococcus epidermidis (χ2=5.12, p=0.023), Proteus spp (χ2=4.96, P=0.025), Citrobacter spp (χ2=32.51, P<0.00001), Streptococcus pyogenes (χ2=5.11, P=0.023), Staphylococcus sapropyticus (χ2=4.3, p=0.038) and Lactobacilli species (χ2=13.7, p=0.00021). The overall association (χ2=94.879, p<0.00001) with all isolated microorganisms and urinary tract infections was statistically significant. The odd ratio of pathogenic microorganisms to non-pathogenic was OR=4.98>1. For ANOVA-2, there was a higher microbial variation or differences among women with UTIs (F=7.241842) compared to women without UTIs (F= 4.71 ) in pregnancy trimesters. Conclusion: Pregnancy is associated with vaginal microbial community imbalances which predispose women to urinary tract infections. Pregnant women should seek for medical assistance during pregnancy for early detection of urinary tract infections.

STUDY ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN ICU PATIENTS.

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
K. Varaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Lactose Fermentation ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Catheter associated urinary tract infection is one of the most common infection among nosocomial infections especially in patients admitted under Critical care units (ICUs). It is one of the important quality indicator to know about the standards and implementation of hospital infection practices in a particular hospital. We tried to project the catheter associated urinary tract infection epidemiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of these pathogens. Materials And Methods: A total of 110 catheter associated urinary tract infections samples were collected and processed for culture.Urine samples were incubated and organisms were identied based on colony characteristics, lactose fermentation and other biochemical tests. Sensitivity to common antibiotics was done in all positive cultures. Results: Among 60 organisms isolated in CAUTI patients, all were monomicrobial isolation. Escherichia coli (53.3%) was the predominant pathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%), Klebsiella oxytoca (13.3%). Enterobacteriaceae were shown 75% above sensitivity to penems, tigecycline and colistin. Conclusion: Prophylactic use of antibiotics in critically ill patients is more helpful to patients but it has to be administered based on hospital antibiogram. Proper catheter care such as reducing duration of catheterization, adherence to infection control protocols plays a vital role to reduce the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infections.

Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Attending Ante–Natal Clinics in Ilorin Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
R.H. Bello ◽  
Y.K.E. Ibrahim ◽  
B.O. Olayinka ◽  
A.A.G. Jimoh ◽  
N.B. Afolabi-Balogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: The emergence of multidrug- resistance Enterobacteriaceae especially in E. coli bacteria  associated with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in pregnancy is a serious menace globally posing health challenges and confounding successful empirical treatment as well as increasing pregnancy – related  complications.Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli (ESBLs – EC) isolates in pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics within Ilorin - Kwara State, Nigeria.Materials and methods: A total of 53 non - repeated E. coli isolates from urine samples of pregnant women were presumptively identified using standard bacteriological method and confirmed by commercially available Microgen® Identification Kits. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was determined using antibiotics susceptibility test and double disc synergy Method for screening and confirmation respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was further used for the genotypic detection of ESBLs genes.Results: A total 88.67% (47/53) of E. coli exhibited resistance to the cephalosporins of which aztreonam was the highest (75.47%) and the least was cefpodoxime (35.84%) while 85.10% were confirmed positive for ESBL production. The genotypic detection showed the most occurring genotype was blaTEM (50%) blaOXA (27.7%), blaGES (22.5%), blaSHV (15%), blaCTXM and blaVEB (7.5%) while sixty – four (64%) of isolates co – harbored two or more gene. BlaTEM and blaOXA were dominant.Conclusion: This study showed high resistance of E. coli to the third generation cephalosporins harboring different ESBL genes which increases UTIs complexity and limit therapeutic options in pregnancy. Therefore, continuous monitoring of resistance in E. coli, effective appraisal of antibiotic control policies and rational use of antibiotics is therefore encouraged.

Urinary tract infections in pregnant women with coeliac disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Olén ◽  
Scott M. Montgomery ◽  
Anders Ekbom ◽  
Ingela Bollgren ◽  
Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Uropathogenic E. Coli Isolates from Jordanian Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub R. Nairoukh ◽  
Azmi M. Mahafzah ◽  
Amal Irshaid ◽  
Asem A. Shehabi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
St131 Clone

Background: Emergence of multi-drug resistant uropathogenic E. coli strains is an increasing problem to empirical treatment of urinary tract infections in many countries. This study investigated the magnitude of this problem in Jordan. Methods: A total of 262 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples of Jordanian patients which were suspected to have urinary tract infections (UTIs). All isolates were primarily identified by routine biochemical tests and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method. Fifty representative Multidrug Resistance (MDR) E. coli isolates to 3 or more antibiotic classes were tested for the presence of resistance genes of blaCTX-M- 1, 9 and 15, carbapenemase (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), fluoroquinolones mutated genes (parC and gyrA) and clone of ST131 type using PCR methods. Results: A total of 150/262 (57.3%) of E. coli isolates were MDR. Urine samples of hospitalized patients showed significantly more MDR isolates than outpatients. Fifty representative MDR E. coli isolates indicated the following molecular characteristics: All were positive for mutated parC gene and gyrA and for ST131 clone, and 78% were positive for genes of CTX-M-15, 76% for CTX-M-I and for 8% CTX-M-9, respectively. Additionally, all 50 MDR E. coli isolates were negative for carbapenemase genes (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), except of one isolate was positive for blaKPC-2 . Conclusion: This study indicates alarming high rates recovery of MDR uropathogenic E. coli from Jordanian patients associated with high rates of positive ST131 clone, fluoroquinolone resistant and important types of blaCTX-M.

Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) Among Pregnant Women in University Of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Benin City, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Raphael M Mordi ◽  
Moghene E Burke ◽  
Emmanuel E Odjadjare ◽  
Stephen A Enabulele ◽  
Onyinye Jecinta Umeh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Tract Infections

Biochemical and Clinical Analysis of Liver Lesions Coinciding with Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (3P1) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Roszkowski ◽  
Janina Wojcicka ◽  
Danuta Pisarek-Miedzinska ◽  
Elzbieta Janczewska
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Tract Infections

Microbiological Analysis of the Urine Isolates in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Raza ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
C P Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the common cause of bacterial infection. Recently UTI become more complicated and difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogen with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Objective To determine the etiology of the urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Methods This study was carried out in Kathmandu Medical College, at department of microbiology. Total 3,460 urine samples were tested microbiologically by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all the isolates by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and result was interpreted according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guide line. Results Out of 3,460 urine samples 680 (19.7%) showed the significant bacteriuria. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 75.7% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 10.7%, Acinetobacter spp 5.5%, Proteus spp 3.5% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.2%. Most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin, Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin for most of the isolates. E. coli which was the main isolate was found to be most susceptible to Amikacin 96.1%, Nitrofurantoin 91.3% and Gentamicin 77.7% followed by Ceftriaxone 65.8% and Ciprofloxacin 64.1%. ConclusionRegular surveillance of the resistance rate among uro-pathogens is needed to ensure the appropriate therapy of UTI.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6348 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):295-7 

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